Meteorological and snow accumulation gradients across Dome C, East Antarctic plateau

• Published in: International Journal of Climatology
• Main Authors: Genthon, Christophe, Six, Delphine, Scarchilli, C., Frezzotti, M.
• Other Authors: Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 ), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 )-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 ), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development Frascati (ENEA)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2016
• Subjects: Antarctic plateau; surface meteorology; surface mass balance; spatial gradients; [SDE]Environmental Sciences; Antarc*; Antarctic
• Online Access: https://insu.hal.science/insu-01326307; https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4362

International audience In situ observations show that snow accumulation is ∼10% larger 25 km north than south of the summit of DomeC on the east antarctic plateau. The mean wind direction is southerly. Although a slight slope-related diverging katabatic owcomponent is detectable, the area is an essentially at (∼10 m elevation change or less) homogeneous snow surface. TheEuropean Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts meteorological analyses data reproduce a signicant accumulationgradient and suggest that 90% of the the mean accumulation results from the 25% largest precipitation events. During theseevents, air masses originate from coastal areas in the north rather than from inland in the south. Radiative cooling condensationoccurs on the way across the dome and as the moisture reservoir is depleted less snow is dumped 25 km south than north, withlittle direct impact from the local (50-km scale) topography. Air masses are warmer on average, and warmer north than south,when originating from the coast. This marginally affects the mean temperature gradients. The moisture gradients are moreaffected because moisture is nonlinearly related to temperature: the mean atmospheric moisture is larger north than south.Signicant meteorological and hydrological gradients over such relatively small distances (50 km) over locally at regionmay be an issue when interpreting ice cores: although cores are drilled at the top of domes and ridges where the slopes andelevation gradients are minimal, they sample small surfaces in areas affected by signicant meteorological and hydrologicalspatial gradients.