Waterfall ice: mechanical stability of vertical structures
International audience We present a study of the mechanical (in)stability of the ephemeral waterfall ice structures that form from the freezing of liquid water seeping on steep rock. Three vertical structures were studied, two near Glacier d'Argentie're, France, and one in the Valsavarench...
Published in: | Journal of Glaciology |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2011
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Online Access: | https://hal.science/halsde-00606743 https://hal.science/halsde-00606743/document https://hal.science/halsde-00606743/file/waterfall-ice-mechanical-stability-of-vertical-structures.pdf https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796905587 |
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Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU |
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ftinsu |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] |
spellingShingle |
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] Weiss, Jérôme Montagnat, Maurine Cinquin-Lapierre, Benjamin Labory, P.A. Moreau, Luc Damilano, François Lavigne, Didier Waterfall ice: mechanical stability of vertical structures |
topic_facet |
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] |
description |
International audience We present a study of the mechanical (in)stability of the ephemeral waterfall ice structures that form from the freezing of liquid water seeping on steep rock. Three vertical structures were studied, two near Glacier d'Argentie're, France, and one in the Valsavarenche valley, northern Italy. The generation of internal stresses in the ice structure in relation to air- and ice-temperature conditions is analyzed from pressure sensor records. Their role in the mechanical instability of the structures is discussed from a photographic survey of these structures. The main result is that dramatic air cooling (several 88Ch-1 over several hours) and low temperatures (<-108C), generating tensile stresses and brittleness, can trigger a spontaneous or climber-induced mechanical collapse, leading to unfavorable climbing conditions. Ice internal pressure fluctuations are also associated with episodes of marked diurnal air-temperature cycle, with mild days (few 88C above 088C) and cool nights (few 88C below 088C), through the occurrence of water$ice phase transitions within the structure. These ice internal stress fluctuations seem, however, to have a local influence, are associated with warm (near 088C), wet and therefore particularly soft ice and do not trigger a collapse of the structure. |
author2 |
EDGe Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE) Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 ) Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM) Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Mountain Guide Moutain Guide Petzl Foundation |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Weiss, Jérôme Montagnat, Maurine Cinquin-Lapierre, Benjamin Labory, P.A. Moreau, Luc Damilano, François Lavigne, Didier |
author_facet |
Weiss, Jérôme Montagnat, Maurine Cinquin-Lapierre, Benjamin Labory, P.A. Moreau, Luc Damilano, François Lavigne, Didier |
author_sort |
Weiss, Jérôme |
title |
Waterfall ice: mechanical stability of vertical structures |
title_short |
Waterfall ice: mechanical stability of vertical structures |
title_full |
Waterfall ice: mechanical stability of vertical structures |
title_fullStr |
Waterfall ice: mechanical stability of vertical structures |
title_full_unstemmed |
Waterfall ice: mechanical stability of vertical structures |
title_sort |
waterfall ice: mechanical stability of vertical structures |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://hal.science/halsde-00606743 https://hal.science/halsde-00606743/document https://hal.science/halsde-00606743/file/waterfall-ice-mechanical-stability-of-vertical-structures.pdf https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796905587 |
genre |
Journal of Glaciology |
genre_facet |
Journal of Glaciology |
op_source |
ISSN: 0022-1430 EISSN: 1727-5652 Journal of Glaciology https://hal.science/halsde-00606743 Journal of Glaciology, 2011, 57 (203), pp.407-415. ⟨10.3189/002214311796905587⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3189/002214311796905587 halsde-00606743 https://hal.science/halsde-00606743 https://hal.science/halsde-00606743/document https://hal.science/halsde-00606743/file/waterfall-ice-mechanical-stability-of-vertical-structures.pdf doi:10.3189/002214311796905587 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796905587 |
container_title |
Journal of Glaciology |
container_volume |
57 |
container_issue |
203 |
container_start_page |
407 |
op_container_end_page |
415 |
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1797586047417188352 |
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ftinsu:oai:HAL:halsde-00606743v1 2024-04-28T08:26:49+00:00 Waterfall ice: mechanical stability of vertical structures Weiss, Jérôme Montagnat, Maurine Cinquin-Lapierre, Benjamin Labory, P.A. Moreau, Luc Damilano, François Lavigne, Didier EDGe Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE) Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 ) Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM) Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Mountain Guide Moutain Guide Petzl Foundation 2011-08 https://hal.science/halsde-00606743 https://hal.science/halsde-00606743/document https://hal.science/halsde-00606743/file/waterfall-ice-mechanical-stability-of-vertical-structures.pdf https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796905587 en eng HAL CCSD International Glaciological Society info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3189/002214311796905587 halsde-00606743 https://hal.science/halsde-00606743 https://hal.science/halsde-00606743/document https://hal.science/halsde-00606743/file/waterfall-ice-mechanical-stability-of-vertical-structures.pdf doi:10.3189/002214311796905587 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0022-1430 EISSN: 1727-5652 Journal of Glaciology https://hal.science/halsde-00606743 Journal of Glaciology, 2011, 57 (203), pp.407-415. ⟨10.3189/002214311796905587⟩ [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2011 ftinsu https://doi.org/10.3189/002214311796905587 2024-04-05T00:35:45Z International audience We present a study of the mechanical (in)stability of the ephemeral waterfall ice structures that form from the freezing of liquid water seeping on steep rock. Three vertical structures were studied, two near Glacier d'Argentie're, France, and one in the Valsavarenche valley, northern Italy. The generation of internal stresses in the ice structure in relation to air- and ice-temperature conditions is analyzed from pressure sensor records. Their role in the mechanical instability of the structures is discussed from a photographic survey of these structures. The main result is that dramatic air cooling (several 88Ch-1 over several hours) and low temperatures (<-108C), generating tensile stresses and brittleness, can trigger a spontaneous or climber-induced mechanical collapse, leading to unfavorable climbing conditions. Ice internal pressure fluctuations are also associated with episodes of marked diurnal air-temperature cycle, with mild days (few 88C above 088C) and cool nights (few 88C below 088C), through the occurrence of water$ice phase transitions within the structure. These ice internal stress fluctuations seem, however, to have a local influence, are associated with warm (near 088C), wet and therefore particularly soft ice and do not trigger a collapse of the structure. Article in Journal/Newspaper Journal of Glaciology Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU Journal of Glaciology 57 203 407 415 |