Heterogeneous grain growth and vertical mass transfer within a snow layer under a temperature gradient
International audience Inside a snow cover, metamorphism plays a key role in snow evolution at different scales. This study focuses on the impact of temperature gradient metamorphism on a snow layer in its vertical extent. To this end, two coldlaboratory experiments were conducted to monitor a snow...
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ftinsu:oai:HAL:hal-04245069v1 2024-04-28T08:40:23+00:00 Heterogeneous grain growth and vertical mass transfer within a snow layer under a temperature gradient Bouvet, Lisa Calonne, Neige Flin, Frédéric Geindreau, Christian Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques Grenoble (3SR) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ) Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) 2023-08-25 https://hal.science/hal-04245069 https://hal.science/hal-04245069/document https://hal.science/hal-04245069/file/tc-17-3553-2023.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3553-2023 en eng HAL CCSD Copernicus info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/tc-17-3553-2023 hal-04245069 https://hal.science/hal-04245069 https://hal.science/hal-04245069/document https://hal.science/hal-04245069/file/tc-17-3553-2023.pdf doi:10.5194/tc-17-3553-2023 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 1994-0424 EISSN: 1994-0416 The Cryosphere https://hal.science/hal-04245069 The Cryosphere, 2023, 17 (8), pp.3553 - 3573. ⟨10.5194/tc-17-3553-2023⟩ [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2023 ftinsu https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3553-2023 2024-04-05T00:28:17Z International audience Inside a snow cover, metamorphism plays a key role in snow evolution at different scales. This study focuses on the impact of temperature gradient metamorphism on a snow layer in its vertical extent. To this end, two coldlaboratory experiments were conducted to monitor a snow layer evolving under a temperature gradient of 100 K m −1 using X-ray tomography and environmental sensors. The first experiment shows that snow evolves differently in the vertical: in the end, coarser depth hoar is found in the center part of the layer, with covariance lengths about 50 % higher compared to the top and bottom areas. We show that this heterogeneous grain growth could be related to the temperature profile, to the associated crystal growth regimes, and to the local vapor supersaturation. In the second experiment, a non-disturbing sampling method was applied to enable a precise observation of the basal mass transfer in the case of dry boundary conditions. An air gap, characterized by a sharp drop in density, developed at the base and reached more than 3 mm after a month. The two reported phenomena, heterogeneous grain growth and basal mass loss, create heterogeneities in snow-in terms of density, grain and pore size, and ice morphology-from an initial homogeneous layer. Finally, we report the formation of hard depth hoar associated with an increase in specific surface area (SSA) observed in the second experiment with higher initial density. These microscale effects may strongly impact the snowpack behavior, e.g., for snow transport processes or snow mechanics. Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU The Cryosphere 17 8 3553 3573 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU |
op_collection_id |
ftinsu |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology Bouvet, Lisa Calonne, Neige Flin, Frédéric Geindreau, Christian Heterogeneous grain growth and vertical mass transfer within a snow layer under a temperature gradient |
topic_facet |
[SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology |
description |
International audience Inside a snow cover, metamorphism plays a key role in snow evolution at different scales. This study focuses on the impact of temperature gradient metamorphism on a snow layer in its vertical extent. To this end, two coldlaboratory experiments were conducted to monitor a snow layer evolving under a temperature gradient of 100 K m −1 using X-ray tomography and environmental sensors. The first experiment shows that snow evolves differently in the vertical: in the end, coarser depth hoar is found in the center part of the layer, with covariance lengths about 50 % higher compared to the top and bottom areas. We show that this heterogeneous grain growth could be related to the temperature profile, to the associated crystal growth regimes, and to the local vapor supersaturation. In the second experiment, a non-disturbing sampling method was applied to enable a precise observation of the basal mass transfer in the case of dry boundary conditions. An air gap, characterized by a sharp drop in density, developed at the base and reached more than 3 mm after a month. The two reported phenomena, heterogeneous grain growth and basal mass loss, create heterogeneities in snow-in terms of density, grain and pore size, and ice morphology-from an initial homogeneous layer. Finally, we report the formation of hard depth hoar associated with an increase in specific surface area (SSA) observed in the second experiment with higher initial density. These microscale effects may strongly impact the snowpack behavior, e.g., for snow transport processes or snow mechanics. |
author2 |
Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques Grenoble (3SR) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ) Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bouvet, Lisa Calonne, Neige Flin, Frédéric Geindreau, Christian |
author_facet |
Bouvet, Lisa Calonne, Neige Flin, Frédéric Geindreau, Christian |
author_sort |
Bouvet, Lisa |
title |
Heterogeneous grain growth and vertical mass transfer within a snow layer under a temperature gradient |
title_short |
Heterogeneous grain growth and vertical mass transfer within a snow layer under a temperature gradient |
title_full |
Heterogeneous grain growth and vertical mass transfer within a snow layer under a temperature gradient |
title_fullStr |
Heterogeneous grain growth and vertical mass transfer within a snow layer under a temperature gradient |
title_full_unstemmed |
Heterogeneous grain growth and vertical mass transfer within a snow layer under a temperature gradient |
title_sort |
heterogeneous grain growth and vertical mass transfer within a snow layer under a temperature gradient |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-04245069 https://hal.science/hal-04245069/document https://hal.science/hal-04245069/file/tc-17-3553-2023.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3553-2023 |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_source |
ISSN: 1994-0424 EISSN: 1994-0416 The Cryosphere https://hal.science/hal-04245069 The Cryosphere, 2023, 17 (8), pp.3553 - 3573. ⟨10.5194/tc-17-3553-2023⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/tc-17-3553-2023 hal-04245069 https://hal.science/hal-04245069 https://hal.science/hal-04245069/document https://hal.science/hal-04245069/file/tc-17-3553-2023.pdf doi:10.5194/tc-17-3553-2023 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-3553-2023 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
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17 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
3553 |
op_container_end_page |
3573 |
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