CMIP6 simulations with the compact Earth system model OSCAR v3.1

International audience Abstract. Reduced-complexity models, also called simple climate models or compact models, provide an alternative to Earth system models (ESMs) with lower computational costs, although at the expense of spatial and temporal information. It remains important to evaluate and vali...

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Published in:Geoscientific Model Development
Main Authors: Quilcaille, Yann, Gasser, Thomas, Ciais, Philippe, Boucher, Olivier
Other Authors: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg (IIASA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: HAL CCSD 2023
Subjects:
Online Access:https://hal.science/hal-04027022
https://hal.science/hal-04027022/document
https://hal.science/hal-04027022/file/gmd-16-1129-2023.pdf
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1129-2023
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institution Open Polar
collection Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU
op_collection_id ftinsu
language English
topic [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean
Atmosphere
spellingShingle [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean
Atmosphere
Quilcaille, Yann
Gasser, Thomas
Ciais, Philippe
Boucher, Olivier
CMIP6 simulations with the compact Earth system model OSCAR v3.1
topic_facet [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean
Atmosphere
description International audience Abstract. Reduced-complexity models, also called simple climate models or compact models, provide an alternative to Earth system models (ESMs) with lower computational costs, although at the expense of spatial and temporal information. It remains important to evaluate and validate these reduced-complexity models. Here, we evaluate a recent version (v3.1) of the OSCAR model using observations and results from ESMs from the current Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6). The results follow the same post-processing used for the contribution of OSCAR to the Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project (RCMIP) Phase 2 regarding the identification of stable configurations and the use of observational constraints. These constraints succeed in decreasing the overestimation of global surface air temperature over 2000–2019 with reference to 1961–1900 from 0.60±0.11 to 0.55±0.04 K (the constraint being 0.54±0.05 K). The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of the unconstrained OSCAR is 3.17±0.63 K, while CMIP5 and CMIP6 models have ECSs of 3.2±0.7 and 3.7±1.1 K, respectively. Applying observational constraints to OSCAR reduces the ECS to 2.78±0.47 K. Overall, the model qualitatively reproduces the responses of complex ESMs, although some differences remain due to the impact of observational constraints on the weighting of parametrizations. Specific features of OSCAR also contribute to these differences, such as its fully interactive atmospheric chemistry and endogenous calculations of biomass burning, wetlands CH4 and permafrost CH4 and CO2 emissions. Identified main points of needed improvements of the OSCAR model include a low sensitivity of the land carbon cycle to climate change, an instability of the ocean carbon cycle, the climate module that is seemingly too simple, and the climate feedback involving short-lived species that is too strong. Beyond providing a key diagnosis of the OSCAR model in the context of the reduced-complexity models, this work is also meant to help with ...
author2 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg (IIASA)
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE)
Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA))
Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))
École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Quilcaille, Yann
Gasser, Thomas
Ciais, Philippe
Boucher, Olivier
author_facet Quilcaille, Yann
Gasser, Thomas
Ciais, Philippe
Boucher, Olivier
author_sort Quilcaille, Yann
title CMIP6 simulations with the compact Earth system model OSCAR v3.1
title_short CMIP6 simulations with the compact Earth system model OSCAR v3.1
title_full CMIP6 simulations with the compact Earth system model OSCAR v3.1
title_fullStr CMIP6 simulations with the compact Earth system model OSCAR v3.1
title_full_unstemmed CMIP6 simulations with the compact Earth system model OSCAR v3.1
title_sort cmip6 simulations with the compact earth system model oscar v3.1
publisher HAL CCSD
publishDate 2023
url https://hal.science/hal-04027022
https://hal.science/hal-04027022/document
https://hal.science/hal-04027022/file/gmd-16-1129-2023.pdf
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1129-2023
genre permafrost
genre_facet permafrost
op_source ISSN: 1991-9603
EISSN: 1991-959X
Geoscientific Model Development
https://hal.science/hal-04027022
Geoscientific Model Development, 2023, 16 (3), pp.1129 - 1161. ⟨10.5194/gmd-16-1129-2023⟩
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container_title Geoscientific Model Development
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spelling ftinsu:oai:HAL:hal-04027022v1 2024-04-28T08:36:07+00:00 CMIP6 simulations with the compact Earth system model OSCAR v3.1 Quilcaille, Yann Gasser, Thomas Ciais, Philippe Boucher, Olivier International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg (IIASA) Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) 2023-02-16 https://hal.science/hal-04027022 https://hal.science/hal-04027022/document https://hal.science/hal-04027022/file/gmd-16-1129-2023.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1129-2023 en eng HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/gmd-16-1129-2023 hal-04027022 https://hal.science/hal-04027022 https://hal.science/hal-04027022/document https://hal.science/hal-04027022/file/gmd-16-1129-2023.pdf doi:10.5194/gmd-16-1129-2023 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 1991-9603 EISSN: 1991-959X Geoscientific Model Development https://hal.science/hal-04027022 Geoscientific Model Development, 2023, 16 (3), pp.1129 - 1161. ⟨10.5194/gmd-16-1129-2023⟩ [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2023 ftinsu https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1129-2023 2024-04-05T00:29:47Z International audience Abstract. Reduced-complexity models, also called simple climate models or compact models, provide an alternative to Earth system models (ESMs) with lower computational costs, although at the expense of spatial and temporal information. It remains important to evaluate and validate these reduced-complexity models. Here, we evaluate a recent version (v3.1) of the OSCAR model using observations and results from ESMs from the current Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6). The results follow the same post-processing used for the contribution of OSCAR to the Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project (RCMIP) Phase 2 regarding the identification of stable configurations and the use of observational constraints. These constraints succeed in decreasing the overestimation of global surface air temperature over 2000–2019 with reference to 1961–1900 from 0.60±0.11 to 0.55±0.04 K (the constraint being 0.54±0.05 K). The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of the unconstrained OSCAR is 3.17±0.63 K, while CMIP5 and CMIP6 models have ECSs of 3.2±0.7 and 3.7±1.1 K, respectively. Applying observational constraints to OSCAR reduces the ECS to 2.78±0.47 K. Overall, the model qualitatively reproduces the responses of complex ESMs, although some differences remain due to the impact of observational constraints on the weighting of parametrizations. Specific features of OSCAR also contribute to these differences, such as its fully interactive atmospheric chemistry and endogenous calculations of biomass burning, wetlands CH4 and permafrost CH4 and CO2 emissions. Identified main points of needed improvements of the OSCAR model include a low sensitivity of the land carbon cycle to climate change, an instability of the ocean carbon cycle, the climate module that is seemingly too simple, and the climate feedback involving short-lived species that is too strong. Beyond providing a key diagnosis of the OSCAR model in the context of the reduced-complexity models, this work is also meant to help with ... Article in Journal/Newspaper permafrost Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU Geoscientific Model Development 16 3 1129 1161