More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future
International audience The first eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs) were deployed in the 1960s in the North Atlantic Ocean. In 1967 XBTs were deployed in operational mode to provide a continuous record of temperature profile data along repeated transects, now known as the Global XBT Network. The cu...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2019
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-02519267 https://hal.science/hal-02519267/document https://hal.science/hal-02519267/file/fmars-06-00452.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00452 |
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ftinsu:oai:HAL:hal-02519267v1 |
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openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU |
op_collection_id |
ftinsu |
language |
English |
topic |
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] |
spellingShingle |
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] Goni, Gustavo Sprintall, Janet Bringas, Francis Cheng, Lijing Cirano, Mauro Dong, Shenfu Domingues, Ricardo Goes, Marlos Lopez, Hosmay Morrow, Rosemary Rivero, Ulises Rossby, Thomas Todd, Robert Trinanes, Joaquin Zilberman, Nathalie Baringer, Molly Boyer, Tim Cowley, Rebecca Domingues, Catia Hutchinson, Katherine Kramp, Martin Mata, Mauricio Reseghetti, Franco Sun, Charles Bhaskar Tvs, Udaya Volkov, Denis More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future |
topic_facet |
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] |
description |
International audience The first eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs) were deployed in the 1960s in the North Atlantic Ocean. In 1967 XBTs were deployed in operational mode to provide a continuous record of temperature profile data along repeated transects, now known as the Global XBT Network. The current network is designed to monitor ocean circulation and boundary current variability, basin-wide and trans-basin ocean heat transport, and global and regional heat content. The ability of the XBT Network to systematically map the upper ocean thermal field in multiple basins with repeated trans-basin sections at eddy-resolving scales remains unmatched today and cannot be reproduced at present by any other observing platform. Some repeated XBT transects have now been continuously occupied for more than 30 years, providing an unprecedented long-term climate record of temperature, and geostrophic velocity profiles that are used to understand variability in ocean heat content (OHC), sea level change, and meridional ocean heat transport. Here, we present key scientific advances in understanding the changing ocean and climate system supported by XBT observations. Improvement in XBT data quality and its impact on computations, particularly of OHC, are presented. Technology development for probes, launchers, and transmission techniques are also discussed. Finally, we offer new perspectives for the future of the Global XBT Network. |
author2 |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego) University of California San Diego (UC San Diego) University of California (UC)-University of California (UC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Beijing (IAP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing (CAS) Instituto de Matemática da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IM / UFRJ) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brasil = Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil = Université fédérale de Rio de Janeiro Brésil (UFRJ) Océan du Large et Variabilité Climatique (OLVAC) Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology University of Tasmania Hobart, Australia (UTAS) Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) Department of Oceanography Cape Town University of Cape Town |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Goni, Gustavo Sprintall, Janet Bringas, Francis Cheng, Lijing Cirano, Mauro Dong, Shenfu Domingues, Ricardo Goes, Marlos Lopez, Hosmay Morrow, Rosemary Rivero, Ulises Rossby, Thomas Todd, Robert Trinanes, Joaquin Zilberman, Nathalie Baringer, Molly Boyer, Tim Cowley, Rebecca Domingues, Catia Hutchinson, Katherine Kramp, Martin Mata, Mauricio Reseghetti, Franco Sun, Charles Bhaskar Tvs, Udaya Volkov, Denis |
author_facet |
Goni, Gustavo Sprintall, Janet Bringas, Francis Cheng, Lijing Cirano, Mauro Dong, Shenfu Domingues, Ricardo Goes, Marlos Lopez, Hosmay Morrow, Rosemary Rivero, Ulises Rossby, Thomas Todd, Robert Trinanes, Joaquin Zilberman, Nathalie Baringer, Molly Boyer, Tim Cowley, Rebecca Domingues, Catia Hutchinson, Katherine Kramp, Martin Mata, Mauricio Reseghetti, Franco Sun, Charles Bhaskar Tvs, Udaya Volkov, Denis |
author_sort |
Goni, Gustavo |
title |
More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future |
title_short |
More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future |
title_full |
More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future |
title_fullStr |
More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future |
title_full_unstemmed |
More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future |
title_sort |
more than 50 years of successful continuous temperature section measurements by the global expendable bathythermograph network, its integrability, societal benefits, and future |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-02519267 https://hal.science/hal-02519267/document https://hal.science/hal-02519267/file/fmars-06-00452.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00452 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
ISSN: 2296-7745 Frontiers in Marine Science https://hal.science/hal-02519267 Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019, 6, ⟨10.3389/fmars.2019.00452⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3389/fmars.2019.00452 hal-02519267 https://hal.science/hal-02519267 https://hal.science/hal-02519267/document https://hal.science/hal-02519267/file/fmars-06-00452.pdf doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00452 WOS: 000476942600001 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00452 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
6 |
_version_ |
1797588640907395072 |
spelling |
ftinsu:oai:HAL:hal-02519267v1 2024-04-28T08:30:57+00:00 More Than 50 Years of Successful Continuous Temperature Section Measurements by the Global Expendable Bathythermograph Network, Its Integrability, Societal Benefits, and Future Goni, Gustavo Sprintall, Janet Bringas, Francis Cheng, Lijing Cirano, Mauro Dong, Shenfu Domingues, Ricardo Goes, Marlos Lopez, Hosmay Morrow, Rosemary Rivero, Ulises Rossby, Thomas Todd, Robert Trinanes, Joaquin Zilberman, Nathalie Baringer, Molly Boyer, Tim Cowley, Rebecca Domingues, Catia Hutchinson, Katherine Kramp, Martin Mata, Mauricio Reseghetti, Franco Sun, Charles Bhaskar Tvs, Udaya Volkov, Denis National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego) University of California San Diego (UC San Diego) University of California (UC)-University of California (UC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Beijing (IAP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing (CAS) Instituto de Matemática da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IM / UFRJ) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brasil = Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Brazil = Université fédérale de Rio de Janeiro Brésil (UFRJ) Océan du Large et Variabilité Climatique (OLVAC) Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology University of Tasmania Hobart, Australia (UTAS) Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) Department of Oceanography Cape Town University of Cape Town 2019-07-24 https://hal.science/hal-02519267 https://hal.science/hal-02519267/document https://hal.science/hal-02519267/file/fmars-06-00452.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00452 en eng HAL CCSD Frontiers Media info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3389/fmars.2019.00452 hal-02519267 https://hal.science/hal-02519267 https://hal.science/hal-02519267/document https://hal.science/hal-02519267/file/fmars-06-00452.pdf doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00452 WOS: 000476942600001 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 2296-7745 Frontiers in Marine Science https://hal.science/hal-02519267 Frontiers in Marine Science, 2019, 6, ⟨10.3389/fmars.2019.00452⟩ [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2019 ftinsu https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00452 2024-04-05T00:39:09Z International audience The first eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs) were deployed in the 1960s in the North Atlantic Ocean. In 1967 XBTs were deployed in operational mode to provide a continuous record of temperature profile data along repeated transects, now known as the Global XBT Network. The current network is designed to monitor ocean circulation and boundary current variability, basin-wide and trans-basin ocean heat transport, and global and regional heat content. The ability of the XBT Network to systematically map the upper ocean thermal field in multiple basins with repeated trans-basin sections at eddy-resolving scales remains unmatched today and cannot be reproduced at present by any other observing platform. Some repeated XBT transects have now been continuously occupied for more than 30 years, providing an unprecedented long-term climate record of temperature, and geostrophic velocity profiles that are used to understand variability in ocean heat content (OHC), sea level change, and meridional ocean heat transport. Here, we present key scientific advances in understanding the changing ocean and climate system supported by XBT observations. Improvement in XBT data quality and its impact on computations, particularly of OHC, are presented. Technology development for probes, launchers, and transmission techniques are also discussed. Finally, we offer new perspectives for the future of the Global XBT Network. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU Frontiers in Marine Science 6 |