Evaluating Southern Ocean sea-ice for the Last Glacial Maximum and pre-industrial climates: PMIP-2 models and data evidence

• Published in: Quaternary Science Reviews
• Main Authors: Roche, Didier M., Crosta, X., Renssen, H.
• Other Authors: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam = Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2012
• Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean; Atmosphere; [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography; [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology; Antarc*; Antarctic; Antarctica; Sea ice; Southern Ocean
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-02105636; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.020

International audience This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t Sea ice is recognized as an important factor controlling climate conditions at high latitudes. It has a major impact in controlling the ocean to atmosphere exchanges (e.g. for CO 2) as well as surface oceanic conditions and deep water formation in the high latitude oceans. Being at the interface of two major components of the climate system, sea ice is useful to evaluate and intercompare different climate models. We here analyze the results of eight coupled climate models (from which seven are from the PMIP-2 database) against available reconstructions for winter and summer sea ice extent around Antarctica. To evaluate the ability of models in representing different climate states, we compare their results for both the pre-industrial and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We find that models generally have identical seasonal ranges for the two climate states analyzed, which is not supported by data inferences. Indeed, data indicate that the LGM seasonality was enhanced compared to the pre-industrial. The shape of the sea ice distribution is also different in models (circular around the Antarctic continent) and in reconstructions (oval-shaped distribution; similar to modern sea ice distribution). We show that models underestimating the sea ice extent for the pre-industrial are also underestimating the Last ...