The contribution of the Weddell Gyre to the lower limb of the Global Overturning Circulation

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• Main Authors: Jullion, Loïc, Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., Bacon, Sheldon, Meredith, Michael P., J. Brown, Peter, Torres-Valdés, Sinhue, Speer, Kevin, Holland, Paul, H., Dong, Jun, Bakker, Dorothée, Hoppema, Mario, Loose, Brice, Venables, Hugh J., Jenkins, William, J., Messias, Marie-José, Fahrbach, Eberhard
• Other Authors: Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nathional Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of East Anglia Norwich (UEA), National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC), Florida State University Tallahassee (FSU), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung = Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research = Institut Alfred-Wegener pour la recherche polaire et marine (AWI), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University of Rhode Island, University of Rhode Island (URI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2014
• Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean; Atmosphere; Antarctic; Southern Ocean; The Antarctic; Weddell Sea; Indian; Weddell; Antarc*; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-01255764; https://hal.science/hal-01255764/document; https://hal.science/hal-01255764/file/andrex_jgr_final_withfig.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009725

International audience The horizontal and vertical circulation of the Weddell Gyre is diagnosed using a box inverse model constructed with recent hydrographic sections and including mobile sea ice and eddy transports. The gyre is found to convey 42 6 8 Sv (1 Sv 5 106 m3 s–1) across the central Weddell Sea and to intensify to 54 6 15 Sv further offshore. This circulation injects 36 6 13 TW of heat from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the gyre, and exports 51 6 23 mSv of freshwater, including 13 6 1 mSv as sea ice to the midlati- tude Southern Ocean. The gyre’s overturning circulation has an asymmetric double-cell structure, in which 13 6 4 Sv of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and relatively light Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) are trans- formed into upper-ocean water masses by midgyre upwelling (at a rate of 2 6 2 Sv) and into denser AABW by downwelling focussed at the western boundary (8 6 2 Sv). The gyre circulation exhibits a substantial throughflow component, by which CDW and AABW enter the gyre from the Indian sector, undergo ventila- tion and densification within the gyre, and are exported to the South Atlantic across the gyre’s northern rim. The relatively modest net production of AABW in the Weddell Gyre (6 6 2 Sv) suggests that the gyre’s prominence in the closure of the lower limb of global oceanic overturning stems largely from the recycling and equatorward export of Indian-sourced AABW.