A 2500 year record of natural and anthropogenic soil erosion in South Greenland
International audience The environmental impact of the Norse landnám in Greenland has been studied extensively. But to date, no study has quantified the soil erosion that Norse agricultural practices are believed to have caused. To resolve this problem, a high resolution sedimentary record from Lake...
Published in: | Quaternary Science Reviews |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2012
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-00648503 https://hal.science/hal-00648503/document https://hal.science/hal-00648503/file/2012%20B%20Massa%20.Petit.%20Groenland%20lac%20igaliku%20QSR.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.014 |
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ftinsu:oai:HAL:hal-00648503v1 |
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openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU |
op_collection_id |
ftinsu |
language |
English |
topic |
Landnám Eastern settlement Soil erosion Agriculture Greenland Norse [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes |
spellingShingle |
Landnám Eastern settlement Soil erosion Agriculture Greenland Norse [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes Massa, Charly Bichet, Vincent Gauthier, Emilie Perren, Bianca Mathieu, Olivier Petit, Christophe Monna, Fabrice Giraudeau, Jacques Losno, Rémi Richard, Hervé A 2500 year record of natural and anthropogenic soil erosion in South Greenland |
topic_facet |
Landnám Eastern settlement Soil erosion Agriculture Greenland Norse [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes |
description |
International audience The environmental impact of the Norse landnám in Greenland has been studied extensively. But to date, no study has quantified the soil erosion that Norse agricultural practices are believed to have caused. To resolve this problem, a high resolution sedimentary record from Lake Igaliku in South Greenland is used to quantitatively reconstruct 2500 years of soil erosion driven by climate and historical land use. An accurate chronology allows for the estimation of detritic fluxes and their uncertainties. Land clearance and the introduction of grazing livestock by the Norse around 1010 AD caused an acceleration of soil erosion up to 8 mm/century in 1180 AD which is two-fold higher than the natural pre-landnám background. From 1335 AD to the end of the Norse Eastern Settlement (in the mid-fifteenth century), the vegetation began to recover from initial disturbance and soil erosion decreased. After an initial phase of modern sheep breeding similar to the medieval one, the mechanization of agriculture in the 1980s caused an unprecedented soil erosion rate of up to 21 mm /century, five times the pre anthropogenic levels. Independently, a suite of biological and geochemical proxies (including Ti and diatom concentrations, C:N ratio, 13C and 15N of organic matter) confirm that the medieval and modern anthropogenic erosion far exceeds any natural erosion over the last 2500 years. Our findings question the veracity of the catastrophic scenario of overgrazing and land degradation considered to have been the major factor responsible for Norse settlement demise. They also shed light on the sustainability of modern practices and their consequences for the future of agriculture in Greenland. |
author2 |
Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC) Biogéosciences UMR 6282 (BGS) Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1) Archéologies environnementales Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés Dijon (ARTeHiS) Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Massa, Charly Bichet, Vincent Gauthier, Emilie Perren, Bianca Mathieu, Olivier Petit, Christophe Monna, Fabrice Giraudeau, Jacques Losno, Rémi Richard, Hervé |
author_facet |
Massa, Charly Bichet, Vincent Gauthier, Emilie Perren, Bianca Mathieu, Olivier Petit, Christophe Monna, Fabrice Giraudeau, Jacques Losno, Rémi Richard, Hervé |
author_sort |
Massa, Charly |
title |
A 2500 year record of natural and anthropogenic soil erosion in South Greenland |
title_short |
A 2500 year record of natural and anthropogenic soil erosion in South Greenland |
title_full |
A 2500 year record of natural and anthropogenic soil erosion in South Greenland |
title_fullStr |
A 2500 year record of natural and anthropogenic soil erosion in South Greenland |
title_full_unstemmed |
A 2500 year record of natural and anthropogenic soil erosion in South Greenland |
title_sort |
2500 year record of natural and anthropogenic soil erosion in south greenland |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-00648503 https://hal.science/hal-00648503/document https://hal.science/hal-00648503/file/2012%20B%20Massa%20.Petit.%20Groenland%20lac%20igaliku%20QSR.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.014 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-45.421,-45.421,60.988,60.988) |
geographic |
Greenland Igaliku |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Igaliku |
genre |
Greenland Igaliku |
genre_facet |
Greenland Igaliku |
op_source |
ISSN: 0277-3791 Quaternary Science Reviews https://hal.science/hal-00648503 Quaternary Science Reviews, 2012, 32, pp.119-130. ⟨10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.014⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.014 hal-00648503 https://hal.science/hal-00648503 https://hal.science/hal-00648503/document https://hal.science/hal-00648503/file/2012%20B%20Massa%20.Petit.%20Groenland%20lac%20igaliku%20QSR.pdf doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.014 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.014 |
container_title |
Quaternary Science Reviews |
container_volume |
32 |
container_start_page |
119 |
op_container_end_page |
130 |
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1790600733867900928 |
spelling |
ftinsu:oai:HAL:hal-00648503v1 2024-02-11T10:04:12+01:00 A 2500 year record of natural and anthropogenic soil erosion in South Greenland Massa, Charly Bichet, Vincent Gauthier, Emilie Perren, Bianca Mathieu, Olivier Petit, Christophe Monna, Fabrice Giraudeau, Jacques Losno, Rémi Richard, Hervé Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC) Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC) Biogéosciences UMR 6282 (BGS) Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1) Archéologies environnementales Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés Dijon (ARTeHiS) Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU) Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) 2012 https://hal.science/hal-00648503 https://hal.science/hal-00648503/document https://hal.science/hal-00648503/file/2012%20B%20Massa%20.Petit.%20Groenland%20lac%20igaliku%20QSR.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.014 en eng HAL CCSD Elsevier info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.014 hal-00648503 https://hal.science/hal-00648503 https://hal.science/hal-00648503/document https://hal.science/hal-00648503/file/2012%20B%20Massa%20.Petit.%20Groenland%20lac%20igaliku%20QSR.pdf doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.014 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0277-3791 Quaternary Science Reviews https://hal.science/hal-00648503 Quaternary Science Reviews, 2012, 32, pp.119-130. ⟨10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.014⟩ Landnám Eastern settlement Soil erosion Agriculture Greenland Norse [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces environment [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2012 ftinsu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.014 2024-01-24T17:34:25Z International audience The environmental impact of the Norse landnám in Greenland has been studied extensively. But to date, no study has quantified the soil erosion that Norse agricultural practices are believed to have caused. To resolve this problem, a high resolution sedimentary record from Lake Igaliku in South Greenland is used to quantitatively reconstruct 2500 years of soil erosion driven by climate and historical land use. An accurate chronology allows for the estimation of detritic fluxes and their uncertainties. Land clearance and the introduction of grazing livestock by the Norse around 1010 AD caused an acceleration of soil erosion up to 8 mm/century in 1180 AD which is two-fold higher than the natural pre-landnám background. From 1335 AD to the end of the Norse Eastern Settlement (in the mid-fifteenth century), the vegetation began to recover from initial disturbance and soil erosion decreased. After an initial phase of modern sheep breeding similar to the medieval one, the mechanization of agriculture in the 1980s caused an unprecedented soil erosion rate of up to 21 mm /century, five times the pre anthropogenic levels. Independently, a suite of biological and geochemical proxies (including Ti and diatom concentrations, C:N ratio, 13C and 15N of organic matter) confirm that the medieval and modern anthropogenic erosion far exceeds any natural erosion over the last 2500 years. Our findings question the veracity of the catastrophic scenario of overgrazing and land degradation considered to have been the major factor responsible for Norse settlement demise. They also shed light on the sustainability of modern practices and their consequences for the future of agriculture in Greenland. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Igaliku Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU Greenland Igaliku ENVELOPE(-45.421,-45.421,60.988,60.988) Quaternary Science Reviews 32 119 130 |