Present-day sea-level change: A review

• Main Authors: Nerem, R. S., Leuliette, E., Cazenave, A.
• Other Authors: Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2006
• Subjects: Greenland; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-00409124

1631-0713 Understanding of sea-level change has improved considerably over the last decade. Present-day knowledge of sea-level change is derived from tide gauge observations and satellite altimetry measurements. The average rate of sea-level change obtained from tide gauges over the last 50 years is +1.8 +/- 0.3 mm yr(-1). In comparison, altimeter measurements from TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 have shown an average rise of +3.1 +/- 0.4 turn yr(-1) since 1993. It is not clear yet whether the larger rate of rise of the last decade reflects acceleration or decadal fluctuation. The causes of the present-day rate are a combination of increases in ocean temperatures and land ice melt from mountain glaciers, Greenland, and Antarctica. Regional variability in sea-level change, as evidenced by the quasi global coverage of altimeter satellites, appears dominated by non uniform change of thermal expansion. New satellite technologies, such as InSAR, ICESat, and GRACE make significant contributions to understanding sea-level change.