An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts
International audience It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur in snow/ice and the release of these photochemically generated species may significantly...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2007
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Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-00328056 https://hal.science/hal-00328056/document https://hal.science/hal-00328056/file/acpd-7-4165-2007.pdf |
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record_format |
openpolar |
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Open Polar |
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Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU |
op_collection_id |
ftinsu |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere Grannas, A. M. Jones, A. E. Dibb, J. Ammann, M. Anastasio, C. Beine, H. J. Bergin, M. Bottenheim, J. Boxe, C. S. Carver, G. Chen, G. Crawford, J. H. Dominé, F. Frey, M. M. Guzmán, M. I. Heard, D. E. Helmig, D. Hoffmann, M. R. Honrath, R. E. Huey, L. G. Hutterli, M. Jacobi, H. W. Klán, P. Lefer, B. Mcconnell, J. Plane, J. Sander, R. Savarino, J. Shepson, P. B. Simpson, W. R. Sodeau, J. R. von Glasow, R. Weller, R. Wolff, E. W. Zhu, T. An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
topic_facet |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere |
description |
International audience It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur in snow/ice and the release of these photochemically generated species may significantly impact the chemistry of the overlying atmosphere. Nitrogen oxide and oxidant precursor fluxes have been measured in a number of snow covered environments, where in some cases the emissions significantly impact the overlying boundary layer. For example, photochemical ozone production (such as that occurring in polluted mid-latitudes) of 3–4 ppbv/day has been observed at South Pole, due to high OH and NO levels present in a relatively shallow boundary layer. Field and laboratory experiments have determined that the origin of the observed NO x flux is the photochemistry of nitrate within the snowpack, however some details of the mechanism have not yet been elucidated. A variety of low molecular weight organic compounds have been shown to be emitted from sunlit snowpacks, the source of which has been proposed to be either direct or indirect photo-oxidation of natural organic materials present in the snow. Although myriad studies have observed active processing of species within irradiated snowpacks, the fundamental chemistry occurring remains poorly understood. Here we consider the nature of snow at a fundamental, physical level; photochemical processes within snow and the caveats needed for comparison to atmospheric photochemistry; our current understanding of nitrogen, oxidant, halogen and organic photochemistry within snow; the current limitations faced by the field and implications for the future. |
author2 |
Department of Chemistry Villanova University USA British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Institute for Study of Earth, Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire (UNH) Laboratory for Radio- and Environmental Chemistry Department of Land Air & Water Resources National Research Council of Italy School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Atlanta Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Air Quality Research Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) W. M. Keck Laboratories California Institute of Technology (CALTECH) Centre for Atmospheric Science Cambridge, UK University of Cambridge UK (CAM) NASA Langley Research Center Hampton (LaRC) Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE) Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) School of Engineering University of California Merced (UC Merced) University of California (UC)-University of California (UC) School of Chemistry Leeds University of Leeds Institute of Arctic Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder (INSTAAR) University of Colorado Boulder Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan (CEE) Michigan Technological University (MTU) Department of Bentho-pelagic processes Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung = Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research = Institut Alfred-Wegener pour la recherche polaire et marine (AWI) Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association Masaryk University Brno (MUNI) Department of Geosciences Houston University of Houston Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering York University - Toronto (ESSE) York University Toronto Atmospheric Chemistry Department MPIC Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC) Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences West Lafayette (EAPS) Purdue University West Lafayette Department of Chemistry and Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) School of Environmental Sciences Norwich University of East Anglia Norwich (UEA) Institute of Environmental Physics Heidelberg (IUP) Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg = Heidelberg University |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Grannas, A. M. Jones, A. E. Dibb, J. Ammann, M. Anastasio, C. Beine, H. J. Bergin, M. Bottenheim, J. Boxe, C. S. Carver, G. Chen, G. Crawford, J. H. Dominé, F. Frey, M. M. Guzmán, M. I. Heard, D. E. Helmig, D. Hoffmann, M. R. Honrath, R. E. Huey, L. G. Hutterli, M. Jacobi, H. W. Klán, P. Lefer, B. Mcconnell, J. Plane, J. Sander, R. Savarino, J. Shepson, P. B. Simpson, W. R. Sodeau, J. R. von Glasow, R. Weller, R. Wolff, E. W. Zhu, T. |
author_facet |
Grannas, A. M. Jones, A. E. Dibb, J. Ammann, M. Anastasio, C. Beine, H. J. Bergin, M. Bottenheim, J. Boxe, C. S. Carver, G. Chen, G. Crawford, J. H. Dominé, F. Frey, M. M. Guzmán, M. I. Heard, D. E. Helmig, D. Hoffmann, M. R. Honrath, R. E. Huey, L. G. Hutterli, M. Jacobi, H. W. Klán, P. Lefer, B. Mcconnell, J. Plane, J. Sander, R. Savarino, J. Shepson, P. B. Simpson, W. R. Sodeau, J. R. von Glasow, R. Weller, R. Wolff, E. W. Zhu, T. |
author_sort |
Grannas, A. M. |
title |
An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
title_short |
An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
title_full |
An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
title_fullStr |
An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
title_full_unstemmed |
An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
title_sort |
overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2007 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-00328056 https://hal.science/hal-00328056/document https://hal.science/hal-00328056/file/acpd-7-4165-2007.pdf |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_source |
ISSN: 1680-7367 EISSN: 1680-7375 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions https://hal.science/hal-00328056 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2007, 7 (2), pp.4165-4283 |
op_relation |
hal-00328056 https://hal.science/hal-00328056 https://hal.science/hal-00328056/document https://hal.science/hal-00328056/file/acpd-7-4165-2007.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1797570126854225920 |
spelling |
ftinsu:oai:HAL:hal-00328056v1 2024-04-28T08:38:53+00:00 An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts Grannas, A. M. Jones, A. E. Dibb, J. Ammann, M. Anastasio, C. Beine, H. J. Bergin, M. Bottenheim, J. Boxe, C. S. Carver, G. Chen, G. Crawford, J. H. Dominé, F. Frey, M. M. Guzmán, M. I. Heard, D. E. Helmig, D. Hoffmann, M. R. Honrath, R. E. Huey, L. G. Hutterli, M. Jacobi, H. W. Klán, P. Lefer, B. Mcconnell, J. Plane, J. Sander, R. Savarino, J. Shepson, P. B. Simpson, W. R. Sodeau, J. R. von Glasow, R. Weller, R. Wolff, E. W. Zhu, T. Department of Chemistry Villanova University USA British Antarctic Survey (BAS) Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Institute for Study of Earth, Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire (UNH) Laboratory for Radio- and Environmental Chemistry Department of Land Air & Water Resources National Research Council of Italy School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Atlanta Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Air Quality Research Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) W. M. Keck Laboratories California Institute of Technology (CALTECH) Centre for Atmospheric Science Cambridge, UK University of Cambridge UK (CAM) NASA Langley Research Center Hampton (LaRC) Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE) Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) School of Engineering University of California Merced (UC Merced) University of California (UC)-University of California (UC) School of Chemistry Leeds University of Leeds Institute of Arctic Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder (INSTAAR) University of Colorado Boulder Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan (CEE) Michigan Technological University (MTU) Department of Bentho-pelagic processes Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung = Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research = Institut Alfred-Wegener pour la recherche polaire et marine (AWI) Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association Masaryk University Brno (MUNI) Department of Geosciences Houston University of Houston Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering York University - Toronto (ESSE) York University Toronto Atmospheric Chemistry Department MPIC Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC) Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences West Lafayette (EAPS) Purdue University West Lafayette Department of Chemistry and Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) School of Environmental Sciences Norwich University of East Anglia Norwich (UEA) Institute of Environmental Physics Heidelberg (IUP) Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg = Heidelberg University 2007-03-29 https://hal.science/hal-00328056 https://hal.science/hal-00328056/document https://hal.science/hal-00328056/file/acpd-7-4165-2007.pdf en eng HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union hal-00328056 https://hal.science/hal-00328056 https://hal.science/hal-00328056/document https://hal.science/hal-00328056/file/acpd-7-4165-2007.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 1680-7367 EISSN: 1680-7375 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions https://hal.science/hal-00328056 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2007, 7 (2), pp.4165-4283 [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2007 ftinsu 2024-04-05T00:36:33Z International audience It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur in snow/ice and the release of these photochemically generated species may significantly impact the chemistry of the overlying atmosphere. Nitrogen oxide and oxidant precursor fluxes have been measured in a number of snow covered environments, where in some cases the emissions significantly impact the overlying boundary layer. For example, photochemical ozone production (such as that occurring in polluted mid-latitudes) of 3–4 ppbv/day has been observed at South Pole, due to high OH and NO levels present in a relatively shallow boundary layer. Field and laboratory experiments have determined that the origin of the observed NO x flux is the photochemistry of nitrate within the snowpack, however some details of the mechanism have not yet been elucidated. A variety of low molecular weight organic compounds have been shown to be emitted from sunlit snowpacks, the source of which has been proposed to be either direct or indirect photo-oxidation of natural organic materials present in the snow. Although myriad studies have observed active processing of species within irradiated snowpacks, the fundamental chemistry occurring remains poorly understood. Here we consider the nature of snow at a fundamental, physical level; photochemical processes within snow and the caveats needed for comparison to atmospheric photochemistry; our current understanding of nitrogen, oxidant, halogen and organic photochemistry within snow; the current limitations faced by the field and implications for the future. Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU |