Charging of ice-vapor interfaces: applications to thunderstorms
International audience The build-up of intrinsic Bjerrum and ionic defects at ice-vapor interfaces electrically charges ice surfaces and thus gives rise to many phenomena including thermoelectricity, ferroelectric ice films, sparks from objects in blizzards, electromagnetic emissions accompanying cr...
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ftinsu:oai:HAL:hal-00295319v1 2024-02-04T10:04:27+01:00 Charging of ice-vapor interfaces: applications to thunderstorms Nelson, J. Baker, Mark D. Nelson Scientific 7-13-8 Oginosato Higashi Department of Earth and Space Sciences Seattle University of Washington Seattle 2003-08-27 https://hal.science/hal-00295319 https://hal.science/hal-00295319/document https://hal.science/hal-00295319/file/acp-3-1237-2003.pdf en eng HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union hal-00295319 https://hal.science/hal-00295319 https://hal.science/hal-00295319/document https://hal.science/hal-00295319/file/acp-3-1237-2003.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 1680-7316 EISSN: 1680-7324 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics https://hal.science/hal-00295319 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2003, 3 (4), pp.1237-1252 [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2003 ftinsu 2024-01-10T17:26:31Z International audience The build-up of intrinsic Bjerrum and ionic defects at ice-vapor interfaces electrically charges ice surfaces and thus gives rise to many phenomena including thermoelectricity, ferroelectric ice films, sparks from objects in blizzards, electromagnetic emissions accompanying cracking in avalanches, glaciers, and sea ice, and charge transfer during ice-ice collisions in thunderstorms. Fletcher's theory of the ice surface in equilibrium proposed that the Bjerrum defects have a higher rate of creation at the surface than in the bulk, which produces a high concentration of surface D defects that then attract a high concentration of OH - ions at the surface. Here, we add to this theory the effect of a moving interface caused by growth or sublimation. This effect can increase the amount of ionic surface charges more than 10-fold for growth rates near 1 mm s -1 and can extend the spatial separation of interior charges in qualitative agreement with many observations. In addition, ice-ice collisions should generate sufficient pressure to melt ice at the contact region and we argue that the ice particle with the initially sharper point at contact loses more mass of melt than the other particle. A simple analytic model of this process with parameters that are consistent with observations leads to predicted collisional charge exchange that semiquantitatively explains the negative charging region of thunderstorms. The model also has implications for snowflake formation, ferroelectric ice, polarization of ice in snowpacks, and chemical reactions in ice surfaces Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU |
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Open Polar |
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Institut national des sciences de l'Univers: HAL-INSU |
op_collection_id |
ftinsu |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere Nelson, J. Baker, Mark D. Charging of ice-vapor interfaces: applications to thunderstorms |
topic_facet |
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere |
description |
International audience The build-up of intrinsic Bjerrum and ionic defects at ice-vapor interfaces electrically charges ice surfaces and thus gives rise to many phenomena including thermoelectricity, ferroelectric ice films, sparks from objects in blizzards, electromagnetic emissions accompanying cracking in avalanches, glaciers, and sea ice, and charge transfer during ice-ice collisions in thunderstorms. Fletcher's theory of the ice surface in equilibrium proposed that the Bjerrum defects have a higher rate of creation at the surface than in the bulk, which produces a high concentration of surface D defects that then attract a high concentration of OH - ions at the surface. Here, we add to this theory the effect of a moving interface caused by growth or sublimation. This effect can increase the amount of ionic surface charges more than 10-fold for growth rates near 1 mm s -1 and can extend the spatial separation of interior charges in qualitative agreement with many observations. In addition, ice-ice collisions should generate sufficient pressure to melt ice at the contact region and we argue that the ice particle with the initially sharper point at contact loses more mass of melt than the other particle. A simple analytic model of this process with parameters that are consistent with observations leads to predicted collisional charge exchange that semiquantitatively explains the negative charging region of thunderstorms. The model also has implications for snowflake formation, ferroelectric ice, polarization of ice in snowpacks, and chemical reactions in ice surfaces |
author2 |
Nelson Scientific 7-13-8 Oginosato Higashi Department of Earth and Space Sciences Seattle University of Washington Seattle |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nelson, J. Baker, Mark D. |
author_facet |
Nelson, J. Baker, Mark D. |
author_sort |
Nelson, J. |
title |
Charging of ice-vapor interfaces: applications to thunderstorms |
title_short |
Charging of ice-vapor interfaces: applications to thunderstorms |
title_full |
Charging of ice-vapor interfaces: applications to thunderstorms |
title_fullStr |
Charging of ice-vapor interfaces: applications to thunderstorms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Charging of ice-vapor interfaces: applications to thunderstorms |
title_sort |
charging of ice-vapor interfaces: applications to thunderstorms |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-00295319 https://hal.science/hal-00295319/document https://hal.science/hal-00295319/file/acp-3-1237-2003.pdf |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
ISSN: 1680-7316 EISSN: 1680-7324 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics https://hal.science/hal-00295319 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2003, 3 (4), pp.1237-1252 |
op_relation |
hal-00295319 https://hal.science/hal-00295319 https://hal.science/hal-00295319/document https://hal.science/hal-00295319/file/acp-3-1237-2003.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1789972939476566016 |