Observations on lava, snowpack and their interactions during the 2012–13 Tolbachik eruption, Klyuchevskoy Group, Kamchatka, Russia
Abstract Observations made during January and April 2013 show that interactions between lava flows and snowpack during the 2012–13 Tolbachik fissure eruption in Kamchatka, Russia, were controlled by different styles of emplacement and flow velocities. `A`a lava flows and sheet lava flows generally m...
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ftinstvs:oai:repo.kscnet.ru:2529 2023-05-15T16:59:00+02:00 Observations on lava, snowpack and their interactions during the 2012–13 Tolbachik eruption, Klyuchevskoy Group, Kamchatka, Russia Edwards Benjamin R. Belousov Alexander Belousova Marina Melnikov Dmitry 2015 text http://repo.kscnet.ru/2529/ http://repo.kscnet.ru/2529/1/edwards%20etal.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027315002668 en eng http://repo.kscnet.ru/2529/1/edwards%20etal.pdf Edwards Benjamin R. <http://repo.kscnet.ru/view/creators/Edwards=3ABenjamin_R=2E=3A=3A.html>, Belousov Alexander <http://repo.kscnet.ru/view/creators/Belousov=3AAlexander=3A=3A.html>, Belousova Marina <http://repo.kscnet.ru/view/creators/Belousova=3AMarina=3A=3A.html>, Melnikov Dmitry <http://repo.kscnet.ru/view/creators/Melnikov=3ADmitry=3A=3A.html> (2015) Observations on lava, snowpack and their interactions during the 2012–13 Tolbachik eruption, Klyuchevskoy Group, Kamchatka, Russia // Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Vol. 307, pp. 107 - 119. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.08.010 <http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.08.010>. 38.37.25 Вулканология Плоский Толбачик Статья PeerReviewed 2015 ftinstvs https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.08.010 2022-08-09T17:05:34Z Abstract Observations made during January and April 2013 show that interactions between lava flows and snowpack during the 2012–13 Tolbachik fissure eruption in Kamchatka, Russia, were controlled by different styles of emplacement and flow velocities. `A`a lava flows and sheet lava flows generally moved on top of the snowpack with few immediate signs of interaction besides localized steaming. However, lavas melted through underlying snowpack 1–4 m thick within 12 to 24 h, and melt water flowed episodically from the beneath flows. Pahoehoe lava lobes had lower velocities and locally moved beneath/within the snowpack; even there the snow melting was limited. Snowpack responses were physical, including compressional buckling and doming, and thermal, including partial and complete melting. Maximum lava temperatures were up to 1355 K (1082 °C; type K thermal probes), and maximum measured meltwater temperatures were 335 K (62.7 °C). Theoretical estimates for rates of rapid (e.g., radiative) and slower (conductive) snowmelt are consistent with field observations showing that lava advance was fast enough for `a`a and sheet flows to move on top of the snowpack. At least two styles of physical interactions between lava flows and snowpack observed at Tolbachik have not been previously reported: migration of lava flows beneath the snowpack, and localized phreatomagmatic explosions caused by snowpack failure beneath lava. The distinctive morphologies of sub-snowpack lava flows have a high preservation potential and can be used to document snowpack emplacement during eruptions. Text Kamchatka Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: IVS FEB RAS Repository Tolbachik ENVELOPE(159.960,159.960,55.537,55.537) Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 307 107 119 |
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Open Polar |
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Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: IVS FEB RAS Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftinstvs |
language |
English |
topic |
38.37.25 Вулканология Плоский Толбачик |
spellingShingle |
38.37.25 Вулканология Плоский Толбачик Edwards Benjamin R. Belousov Alexander Belousova Marina Melnikov Dmitry Observations on lava, snowpack and their interactions during the 2012–13 Tolbachik eruption, Klyuchevskoy Group, Kamchatka, Russia |
topic_facet |
38.37.25 Вулканология Плоский Толбачик |
description |
Abstract Observations made during January and April 2013 show that interactions between lava flows and snowpack during the 2012–13 Tolbachik fissure eruption in Kamchatka, Russia, were controlled by different styles of emplacement and flow velocities. `A`a lava flows and sheet lava flows generally moved on top of the snowpack with few immediate signs of interaction besides localized steaming. However, lavas melted through underlying snowpack 1–4 m thick within 12 to 24 h, and melt water flowed episodically from the beneath flows. Pahoehoe lava lobes had lower velocities and locally moved beneath/within the snowpack; even there the snow melting was limited. Snowpack responses were physical, including compressional buckling and doming, and thermal, including partial and complete melting. Maximum lava temperatures were up to 1355 K (1082 °C; type K thermal probes), and maximum measured meltwater temperatures were 335 K (62.7 °C). Theoretical estimates for rates of rapid (e.g., radiative) and slower (conductive) snowmelt are consistent with field observations showing that lava advance was fast enough for `a`a and sheet flows to move on top of the snowpack. At least two styles of physical interactions between lava flows and snowpack observed at Tolbachik have not been previously reported: migration of lava flows beneath the snowpack, and localized phreatomagmatic explosions caused by snowpack failure beneath lava. The distinctive morphologies of sub-snowpack lava flows have a high preservation potential and can be used to document snowpack emplacement during eruptions. |
format |
Text |
author |
Edwards Benjamin R. Belousov Alexander Belousova Marina Melnikov Dmitry |
author_facet |
Edwards Benjamin R. Belousov Alexander Belousova Marina Melnikov Dmitry |
author_sort |
Edwards Benjamin R. |
title |
Observations on lava, snowpack and their interactions during the 2012–13 Tolbachik eruption, Klyuchevskoy Group, Kamchatka, Russia |
title_short |
Observations on lava, snowpack and their interactions during the 2012–13 Tolbachik eruption, Klyuchevskoy Group, Kamchatka, Russia |
title_full |
Observations on lava, snowpack and their interactions during the 2012–13 Tolbachik eruption, Klyuchevskoy Group, Kamchatka, Russia |
title_fullStr |
Observations on lava, snowpack and their interactions during the 2012–13 Tolbachik eruption, Klyuchevskoy Group, Kamchatka, Russia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Observations on lava, snowpack and their interactions during the 2012–13 Tolbachik eruption, Klyuchevskoy Group, Kamchatka, Russia |
title_sort |
observations on lava, snowpack and their interactions during the 2012–13 tolbachik eruption, klyuchevskoy group, kamchatka, russia |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://repo.kscnet.ru/2529/ http://repo.kscnet.ru/2529/1/edwards%20etal.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027315002668 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(159.960,159.960,55.537,55.537) |
geographic |
Tolbachik |
geographic_facet |
Tolbachik |
genre |
Kamchatka |
genre_facet |
Kamchatka |
op_relation |
http://repo.kscnet.ru/2529/1/edwards%20etal.pdf Edwards Benjamin R. <http://repo.kscnet.ru/view/creators/Edwards=3ABenjamin_R=2E=3A=3A.html>, Belousov Alexander <http://repo.kscnet.ru/view/creators/Belousov=3AAlexander=3A=3A.html>, Belousova Marina <http://repo.kscnet.ru/view/creators/Belousova=3AMarina=3A=3A.html>, Melnikov Dmitry <http://repo.kscnet.ru/view/creators/Melnikov=3ADmitry=3A=3A.html> (2015) Observations on lava, snowpack and their interactions during the 2012–13 Tolbachik eruption, Klyuchevskoy Group, Kamchatka, Russia // Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Vol. 307, pp. 107 - 119. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.08.010 <http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.08.010>. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.08.010 |
container_title |
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |
container_volume |
307 |
container_start_page |
107 |
op_container_end_page |
119 |
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1766051154137972736 |