Revisiting the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology of Gruta do Caldeirão (Tomar, Portugal)
International audience Gruta do Caldeirão features a c . 6 m-thick archaeological stratification capped by Holocene layers ABC-D and Ea, which overlie layer Eb, a deposit of Magdalenian age that underwent significant disturbance, intrusion, and component mixing caused by funerary use of the cave dur...
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ftinstitutnrap:oai:HAL:hal-03416323v1 2024-06-23T07:53:20+00:00 Revisiting the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology of Gruta do Caldeirão (Tomar, Portugal) Zilhão, João Angelucci, Diego Arnold, Lee D’errico, Francesco Dayet, Laure Demuro, Martina Deschamps, Marianne Fewlass, Helen Gomes, Luís Linscott, Beth Matias, Henrique Pike, Alistair Steier, Peter Talamo, Sahra Wild, Eva Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon = Université de Lisbonne (ULISBOA) Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES) École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Universität Wien = University of Vienna 2021-10-27 https://hal.science/hal-03416323 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259089 en eng HAL CCSD Public Library of Science info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0259089 hal-03416323 https://hal.science/hal-03416323 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259089 PUBMEDCENTRAL: PMC8550450 ISSN: 1932-6203 EISSN: 1932-6203 PLoS ONE https://hal.science/hal-03416323 PLoS ONE, 2021, 16 (10), ⟨10.1371/journal.pone.0259089⟩ [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2021 ftinstitutnrap https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259089 2024-06-10T23:52:29Z International audience Gruta do Caldeirão features a c . 6 m-thick archaeological stratification capped by Holocene layers ABC-D and Ea, which overlie layer Eb, a deposit of Magdalenian age that underwent significant disturbance, intrusion, and component mixing caused by funerary use of the cave during the Early Neolithic. Here, we provide an updated overview of the stratigraphy and archaeological content of the underlying Pleistocene succession, whose chronology we refine using radiocarbon and single-grain optically stimulated luminescence dating. We find a high degree of stratigraphic integrity. Dating anomalies exist in association with the succession’s two major discontinuities: between layer Eb and Upper Solutrean layer Fa, and between Early Upper Palaeolithic layer K and Middle Palaeolithic layer L. Mostly, the anomalies consist of older-than-expected radiocarbon ages and can be explained by bioturbation and palimpsest-forming sedimentation hiatuses. Combined with palaeoenvironmental inferences derived from magnetic susceptibility analyses, the dating shows that sedimentation rates varied in tandem with the oscillations in global climate revealed by the Greenland oxygen isotope record. A steep increase in sedimentation rate is observed through the Last Glacial Maximum, resulting in a c . 1.5 m-thick accumulation containing conspicuous remains of occupation by people of the Solutrean technocomplex, whose traditional subdivision is corroborated: the index fossils appear in the expected stratigraphic order; the diagnostics of the Protosolutrean and the Lower Solutrean predate 24,000 years ago; and the constraints on the Upper Solutrean place it after Greenland Interstadial 2.2. (23,220–23,340 years ago). Human usage of the site during the Early Upper and the Middle Palaeolithic is episodic and low-intensity: stone tools are few, and the faunal remains relate to carnivore activity. The Middle Palaeolithic is found to persist beyond 39,000 years ago, at least three millennia longer than in the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland INRAP: HAL (Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives) Greenland PLOS ONE 16 10 e0259089 |
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INRAP: HAL (Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives) |
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ftinstitutnrap |
language |
English |
topic |
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory |
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[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory Zilhão, João Angelucci, Diego Arnold, Lee D’errico, Francesco Dayet, Laure Demuro, Martina Deschamps, Marianne Fewlass, Helen Gomes, Luís Linscott, Beth Matias, Henrique Pike, Alistair Steier, Peter Talamo, Sahra Wild, Eva Revisiting the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology of Gruta do Caldeirão (Tomar, Portugal) |
topic_facet |
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory |
description |
International audience Gruta do Caldeirão features a c . 6 m-thick archaeological stratification capped by Holocene layers ABC-D and Ea, which overlie layer Eb, a deposit of Magdalenian age that underwent significant disturbance, intrusion, and component mixing caused by funerary use of the cave during the Early Neolithic. Here, we provide an updated overview of the stratigraphy and archaeological content of the underlying Pleistocene succession, whose chronology we refine using radiocarbon and single-grain optically stimulated luminescence dating. We find a high degree of stratigraphic integrity. Dating anomalies exist in association with the succession’s two major discontinuities: between layer Eb and Upper Solutrean layer Fa, and between Early Upper Palaeolithic layer K and Middle Palaeolithic layer L. Mostly, the anomalies consist of older-than-expected radiocarbon ages and can be explained by bioturbation and palimpsest-forming sedimentation hiatuses. Combined with palaeoenvironmental inferences derived from magnetic susceptibility analyses, the dating shows that sedimentation rates varied in tandem with the oscillations in global climate revealed by the Greenland oxygen isotope record. A steep increase in sedimentation rate is observed through the Last Glacial Maximum, resulting in a c . 1.5 m-thick accumulation containing conspicuous remains of occupation by people of the Solutrean technocomplex, whose traditional subdivision is corroborated: the index fossils appear in the expected stratigraphic order; the diagnostics of the Protosolutrean and the Lower Solutrean predate 24,000 years ago; and the constraints on the Upper Solutrean place it after Greenland Interstadial 2.2. (23,220–23,340 years ago). Human usage of the site during the Early Upper and the Middle Palaeolithic is episodic and low-intensity: stone tools are few, and the faunal remains relate to carnivore activity. The Middle Palaeolithic is found to persist beyond 39,000 years ago, at least three millennia longer than in the ... |
author2 |
Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon = Université de Lisbonne (ULISBOA) Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES) École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Universität Wien = University of Vienna |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zilhão, João Angelucci, Diego Arnold, Lee D’errico, Francesco Dayet, Laure Demuro, Martina Deschamps, Marianne Fewlass, Helen Gomes, Luís Linscott, Beth Matias, Henrique Pike, Alistair Steier, Peter Talamo, Sahra Wild, Eva |
author_facet |
Zilhão, João Angelucci, Diego Arnold, Lee D’errico, Francesco Dayet, Laure Demuro, Martina Deschamps, Marianne Fewlass, Helen Gomes, Luís Linscott, Beth Matias, Henrique Pike, Alistair Steier, Peter Talamo, Sahra Wild, Eva |
author_sort |
Zilhão, João |
title |
Revisiting the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology of Gruta do Caldeirão (Tomar, Portugal) |
title_short |
Revisiting the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology of Gruta do Caldeirão (Tomar, Portugal) |
title_full |
Revisiting the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology of Gruta do Caldeirão (Tomar, Portugal) |
title_fullStr |
Revisiting the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology of Gruta do Caldeirão (Tomar, Portugal) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Revisiting the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic archaeology of Gruta do Caldeirão (Tomar, Portugal) |
title_sort |
revisiting the middle and upper palaeolithic archaeology of gruta do caldeirão (tomar, portugal) |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-03416323 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259089 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland |
genre_facet |
Greenland |
op_source |
ISSN: 1932-6203 EISSN: 1932-6203 PLoS ONE https://hal.science/hal-03416323 PLoS ONE, 2021, 16 (10), ⟨10.1371/journal.pone.0259089⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0259089 hal-03416323 https://hal.science/hal-03416323 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259089 PUBMEDCENTRAL: PMC8550450 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259089 |
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PLOS ONE |
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16 |
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