Responses of Arctic marine birds to winter environmental constraints in the context of climate change
Harsh environmental conditions encountered in North Atlantic during wintertime, characterized by frequent extreme weather events, are among the most challenging constraints for endothermic animals.Seabirds, which experience this environment for many months per year, play a central role in North Atla...
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2009
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Online Access: | https://hal.science/tel-01098578 https://hal.science/tel-01098578/document https://hal.science/tel-01098578/file/These_J%20Fort_final.pdf |
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ftinstagro:oai:HAL:tel-01098578v1 2024-05-19T07:36:53+00:00 Responses of Arctic marine birds to winter environmental constraints in the context of climate change Réponses des oiseaux marins de l'Arctique aux contraintes environnementales hivernales dans le contexte des changements climatiques Fort, Jérôme Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) Université Montpellier II David Grémillet 2009-12-08 https://hal.science/tel-01098578 https://hal.science/tel-01098578/document https://hal.science/tel-01098578/file/These_J%20Fort_final.pdf fr fre HAL CCSD tel-01098578 https://hal.science/tel-01098578 https://hal.science/tel-01098578/document https://hal.science/tel-01098578/file/These_J%20Fort_final.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess https://hal.science/tel-01098578 Biodiversité et Ecologie. Université Montpellier II, 2009. Français. ⟨NNT : ⟩ Bioenergetics Ecophysiological plasticity Feeding ecology North Atlantic ecosystem Seabirds Winter survival Bioenergetique Ecologie alimentaire Ecosystème Nord Atlantique Oiseaux marins Plasticité écophysiologique Survie hivernale [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis Theses 2009 ftinstagro 2024-04-25T17:23:01Z Harsh environmental conditions encountered in North Atlantic during wintertime, characterized by frequent extreme weather events, are among the most challenging constraints for endothermic animals.Seabirds, which experience this environment for many months per year, play a central role in North Atlantic food webs, notably as top predators and indicators of marine ecosystems. In the current context of climate change, pronounced in North Atlantic waters, it is therefore a major objective tounderstand how seabirds respond and adapt to these environmental constraints shaping their survival and their population dynamics.We used a multidisciplinary approach (combining microelectronics, stable isotopic analyses, bioenergetics modelling and demography) focused on individual energy balance, to study the ecophysiological plasticity of the 3 main alcid species of the North Atlantic.We found that harsh winter conditions induce an energetic bottleneck for seabirds which might explain recurrent events of winter mass mortality, so called ‘seabird winter wrecks’. In response to increased energy expenditure, we showed that seabirds can adopt different strategies allowing higher energy intake. They can modulate their vertical (diving behaviour) and/or horizontal (migration) movements, as well as their trophic status, depending on the spatial and temporal availability of their prey.All together, these results constitute one of the first comprehensive studies of seabird winter ecology. These insights are essential to a better understanding of their population dynamics and constitute a firm foundation to future investigations of the impact of climate change on marine top predators. L’Atlantique Nord en hiver est un environnement rude soumis à des évènements climatiques extrêmes il fait partie des milieux les plus défavorables aux endothermes. Parmi eux, les oiseaux marins jouent un rôle majeur en temps que prédateurs supérieurs et bioindicateurs des écosystèmespélagiques. Dans le contexte actuel de changements globaux très ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Arctic Climate change North Atlantic Portail HAL Institut Agro |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Portail HAL Institut Agro |
op_collection_id |
ftinstagro |
language |
French |
topic |
Bioenergetics Ecophysiological plasticity Feeding ecology North Atlantic ecosystem Seabirds Winter survival Bioenergetique Ecologie alimentaire Ecosystème Nord Atlantique Oiseaux marins Plasticité écophysiologique Survie hivernale [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes |
spellingShingle |
Bioenergetics Ecophysiological plasticity Feeding ecology North Atlantic ecosystem Seabirds Winter survival Bioenergetique Ecologie alimentaire Ecosystème Nord Atlantique Oiseaux marins Plasticité écophysiologique Survie hivernale [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes Fort, Jérôme Responses of Arctic marine birds to winter environmental constraints in the context of climate change |
topic_facet |
Bioenergetics Ecophysiological plasticity Feeding ecology North Atlantic ecosystem Seabirds Winter survival Bioenergetique Ecologie alimentaire Ecosystème Nord Atlantique Oiseaux marins Plasticité écophysiologique Survie hivernale [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes |
description |
Harsh environmental conditions encountered in North Atlantic during wintertime, characterized by frequent extreme weather events, are among the most challenging constraints for endothermic animals.Seabirds, which experience this environment for many months per year, play a central role in North Atlantic food webs, notably as top predators and indicators of marine ecosystems. In the current context of climate change, pronounced in North Atlantic waters, it is therefore a major objective tounderstand how seabirds respond and adapt to these environmental constraints shaping their survival and their population dynamics.We used a multidisciplinary approach (combining microelectronics, stable isotopic analyses, bioenergetics modelling and demography) focused on individual energy balance, to study the ecophysiological plasticity of the 3 main alcid species of the North Atlantic.We found that harsh winter conditions induce an energetic bottleneck for seabirds which might explain recurrent events of winter mass mortality, so called ‘seabird winter wrecks’. In response to increased energy expenditure, we showed that seabirds can adopt different strategies allowing higher energy intake. They can modulate their vertical (diving behaviour) and/or horizontal (migration) movements, as well as their trophic status, depending on the spatial and temporal availability of their prey.All together, these results constitute one of the first comprehensive studies of seabird winter ecology. These insights are essential to a better understanding of their population dynamics and constitute a firm foundation to future investigations of the impact of climate change on marine top predators. L’Atlantique Nord en hiver est un environnement rude soumis à des évènements climatiques extrêmes il fait partie des milieux les plus défavorables aux endothermes. Parmi eux, les oiseaux marins jouent un rôle majeur en temps que prédateurs supérieurs et bioindicateurs des écosystèmespélagiques. Dans le contexte actuel de changements globaux très ... |
author2 |
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) Université Montpellier II David Grémillet |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Fort, Jérôme |
author_facet |
Fort, Jérôme |
author_sort |
Fort, Jérôme |
title |
Responses of Arctic marine birds to winter environmental constraints in the context of climate change |
title_short |
Responses of Arctic marine birds to winter environmental constraints in the context of climate change |
title_full |
Responses of Arctic marine birds to winter environmental constraints in the context of climate change |
title_fullStr |
Responses of Arctic marine birds to winter environmental constraints in the context of climate change |
title_full_unstemmed |
Responses of Arctic marine birds to winter environmental constraints in the context of climate change |
title_sort |
responses of arctic marine birds to winter environmental constraints in the context of climate change |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://hal.science/tel-01098578 https://hal.science/tel-01098578/document https://hal.science/tel-01098578/file/These_J%20Fort_final.pdf |
genre |
Arctic Climate change North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change North Atlantic |
op_source |
https://hal.science/tel-01098578 Biodiversité et Ecologie. Université Montpellier II, 2009. Français. ⟨NNT : ⟩ |
op_relation |
tel-01098578 https://hal.science/tel-01098578 https://hal.science/tel-01098578/document https://hal.science/tel-01098578/file/These_J%20Fort_final.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1799476036704927744 |