STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2011 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2012
International audience Large-scale climate patterns influenced temperature and weather patterns around the globe in 2011. In particular, a moderate-to-strong La Nina at the beginning of the year dissipated during boreal spring but reemerged during fall. The phenomenon contributed to historical droug...
Published in: | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
HAL CCSD
2012
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-03502662 https://hal.science/hal-03502662/document https://hal.science/hal-03502662/file/2012bamsstateoftheclimate.1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 |
id |
ftinstagro:oai:HAL:hal-03502662v1 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Portail HAL Institut Agro |
op_collection_id |
ftinstagro |
language |
English |
topic |
[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography Cretaux, Jean-Francois Sweet, William Crouch, Jake Takahashi, Taro Cunningham, Stuart A. Taylor, Michael A. de Jeu, Richard A. M. Tedesco, Marco Demircan, M. Thepaut, Jean-Noel Derksen, C. Thiaw, Wassila M. Diamond, Howard J. Thompson, Philip Dlugokencky, Ed J. Thorne, Peter W. Dohan, Kathleen Timmermans, M. L. Dolman, A. Johannes Tobin, Skie Dorigo, Wouter A. Toole, J. Drozdov, D. S. Trachte, Katja Duguay, Claude Trewin, Blair C. Dutton, Ellsworth Trigo, Ricardo M. Dutton, Geoff S. Trotman, Adrian Elkins, James W. Tucker, C. J. Epstein, H. E. Ulupinar, Yusuf Famiglietti, James S. Wal, Roderik S. W., van De Fanton d'Andon, Odile Hembise Werf, G. R., van Der Feely, Richard A. Vautard, Robert Fekete, Balazs M. Votaw, Gary Fenimore, Chris Wagner, Wolfgang W. Fernandez-Prieto, D. Wahr, John Fields, Erik Walker, D. A. Fioletov, Vitali Walsh, J. Fogt, Ryan L. Wang, Chunzai Folland, Chris Wang, Junhong Foster, Michael J. Wang, Lei Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Wang, Menghua Franz, Bryan A. Wang, Sheng-Hung Frey, Karen Wanninkhof, Rik H. Frith, Stacey H. Weaver, Scott Frolov, I. Weber, Mark Frost, G. V. Weingartner, T. Ganter, Catherine Weller, Robert A. Garzoli, Silvia Wentz, Frank Gitau, Wilson Whitewood, Robert Gleason, Karin L. Wilber, Anne C. Gobron, Nadine Willett, Kate M. Goldenberg, Stanley B. Williams, W. Goni, Gustavo Willis, Joshua K. Gonzalez-Garcia, Idelmis Wilson, R. Chris Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Nivaldo Wolken, G. Good, Simon A. Wong, Takmeng Goryl, Philippe Woodgate, R. Gottschalck, Jonathan Wovrosh, Alex J. Gouveia, C. M. Xue, Yan Gregg, Margarita C. Yamada, Ryuji Griffiths, Georgina M. Yamamoto-Kawai, M. Grigoryan, Valentina Yoder, James A. Grooss, Jens-Uwe Yu, Lisan Guard, Chip Yueh, Simon Guglielmin, Mauro Zhang, Liangying Hall, Bradley D. Zhang, Peiqun Halpert, Michael S. Zhao, Lin Heidinger, Andrew K. Zhou, Xinjia Heikkila, Anu Zimmerman, S. Heim, Richard R. Zubair, Lafeer Hennon, Paula A. Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu-Peng Hobbs, Will R. Holgate, Simon Hook, Simon J. Hovsepyan, Anahit Hu, Zeng-Zhen Hugony, Sebastien Hurst, Dale F. Ingvaldsen, R. Itoh, M. Jaimes, Ena Jeffries, Martin Johns, William E. Johnsen, Bjorn Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, L. T. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kang, Kyun-Kuk Kanzow, Torsten O. Kao, Hsun-Ying Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John J. Kervankiran, Sefer Key, J. Khatiwala, Samar Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, M. Kikuchi, T. Kimberlain, Todd B. King, Darren Knaff, John A. Korshunova, Natalia N. Koskela, Tapani Kratz, David P. Krishfield, R. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kumar, Arun Lagerloef, Gary Lakkala, Kaisa Lammers, Richard B. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lapinel-Pedroso, Braulio Lazzara, Matthew A. Leduc, Sharon Lefale, Penehuro Leon, Gloria Leon-Lee, Antonia Leuliette, Eric Levitus, Syndney L'Heureux, Michelle Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yanju Liu, Yi Lobato-Sanchez, Rene Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Loeng, H. Long, Craig S. Lorrey, Andrew M. Lumpkin, Rick Myhre, Cathrine Lund Luo, Jing-Jia Lyman, John M. Maccallum, Stuart Macdonald, Alison M. Maddux, Brent C. Manney, Gloria Marchenko, S. S. Marengo, Jose A. Maritorena, Stephane Marotzke, Jochem Marra, John J. Martinez-Sanchez, Odayls Maslanik, J. Massom, Robert A. Mathis, Jeremy T. Mcbride, Charlotte Mcclain, Charles R. Mcgrath, Daniel Mcgree, Simon Mclaughlin, F. Mcvicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl Meier, W. Meinen, Christopher S. Menendez, Melisa Merchant, Chris Merrifield, Mark A. Miller, Laury Mitchum, Gary T. Montzka, Stephen A. Moore, Sue Mora, Natalie P. Morcrette, Jean-Jacques Mote, Thomas Muhle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Muller, Rolf Myhre, Cathrine Nash, Eric R. Nerem, R. Steven Newlin, Michele L. Newman, Paul A. Ngari, Arona Nishino, S. Njau, Lenoard N. Noetzli, Jeannette Oberman, N. G. Obregon, Andre Ogallo, Laban Oludhe, Christopher Overland, J. Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, R. M. Park, Geun-Ha Parker, David E. Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo Pelto, Mauri S. Penalba, Olga Perez-Suarez, Ramon Perovich, D. Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, Dave Pickart, R. Achberger, C. Pinty, Bernard Ackerman, S. A. Pinzon, J. Ahmed, Farid H. Pitts, Michael C. Albanil-Encarnacion, Adelina Pour, Homa Kheyrollah Alfaro, E. J. Prior, John Alves, L. M. Privette, Jeff L. Allan, Rob Proshutinsky, A. Amador, Jorge A. Quegan, Shaun Ambenje, Peter Quintana, Juan Antoine, David Rabe, B. Antonov, John Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Arevalo, Juan Rajeevan, M. Arndt, Derek S. Rayner, Darren Ashik, I. Rayner, Nick A. Atheru, Zachary Raynolds, M. K. Baccini, Alessandro Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Baez, Julian Reagan, James Banzon, Viva Reid, Phillip Baringer, Molly O. Renwick, James A. Barreira, Sandra Revadekar, J. Barriopedro, D. E. Rex, Markus Bates, J. J. Richter-Menge, J. Becker, Andreas Rivera, Ingrid L. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Robinson, David A. Bell, Gerald D. Rodell, Matthew Benedetti, Angela Roderick, Michael L. Bernhard, Germar Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Berrisford, Paul Ronchail, Josyane Berry, David I. Rosenlof, Karen H. Beszczynska-Moeller, A. Rudels, B. Bhatt, U. S. Sabine, Christopher L. Bidegain, Mario Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira Bieniek, P. Santee, Michelle L. Birkett, Charon Sawaengphokhai, P. Bissolli, Peter Sayouri, Amal Blake, Eric S. Scambos, Ted A. Blunden, Jessica Schauer, U. Boudet-Rouco, Dagne Schemm, Jae Box, Jason E. Schmid, Claudia Boyer, Tim Schreck, Carl Braathen, Geir O. Semiletov, Igor Brackenridge, G. Robert Send, Uwe Brohan, Philip Sensoy, Serhat Bromwich, David H. Shakhova, Natalia Brown, Laura Sharp, M. Brown, R. Shiklomanov, Nicolai I. Bruhwiler, Lori Shimada, K. Bulygina, O. N. Shin, J. Burrows, John Siegel, David A. Calderon, Blanca Simmons, Adrian Camargo, Suzana J. Skansi, Maria Cappellen, John Smith, Thomas M. Carmack, E. Sokolov, V. Carrasco, Gualberto Spence, Jacqueline Chambers, Don P. Srivastava, A. K. Christiansen, Hanne H. Stackhouse, Paul W. Christy, John Stammerjohn, Sharon Chung, D. Steele, M. Ciais, Philippe Steffen, Konrad Coehlo, Caio A. S. Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Colwell, Steve Stephenson, Tannecia Comiso, J. Stolarski, Richard S. STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2011 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2012 |
topic_facet |
[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography |
description |
International audience Large-scale climate patterns influenced temperature and weather patterns around the globe in 2011. In particular, a moderate-to-strong La Nina at the beginning of the year dissipated during boreal spring but reemerged during fall. The phenomenon contributed to historical droughts in East Africa, the southern United States, and northern Mexico, as well the wettest two-year period (2010-11) on record for Australia, particularly remarkable as this follows a decade-long dry period. Precipitation patterns in South America were also influenced by La Nina. Heavy rain in Rio de Janeiro in January triggered the country's worst floods and landslides in Brazil's history. The 2011 combined average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces was the coolest since 2008, but was also among the 15 warmest years on record and above the 1981-2010 average. The global sea surface temperature cooled by 0.1 degrees C from 2010 to 2011, associated with cooling influences of La Nina. Global integrals of upper ocean heat content for 2011 were higher than for all prior years, demonstrating the Earth's dominant role of the oceans in the Earth's energy budget. In the upper atmosphere, tropical stratospheric temperatures were anomalously warm, while polar temperatures were anomalously cold. This led to large springtime stratospheric ozone reductions in polar latitudes in both hemispheres. Ozone concentrations in the Arctic stratosphere during March were the lowest for that period since satellite records began in 1979. An extensive, deep, and persistent ozone hole over the Antarctic in September indicates that the recovery to pre-1980 conditions is proceeding very slowly. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increased by 2.10 ppm in 2011, and exceeded 390 ppm for the first time since instrumental records began. Other greenhouse gases also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 30% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Most ozone depleting substances ... |
author2 |
Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) Columbia University New York Space Technology Center European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Climate Research Division Toronto Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) Earth and Space Research Institute Seattle (ESR) Department of Hydrology and Geo-Environmental Sciences Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam (VU) Vienna University of Technology = Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien) Instituto Dom Luiz Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon = Université de Lisbonne (ULISBOA) NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Department of Earth System Science Irvine (ESS) University of California Irvine (UC Irvine) University of California (UC)-University of California (UC) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH) University of California Center for Hydrologic Modeling Irvine (UCCHM) NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Seattle (PMEL) Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Department of Physics Boulder University of Colorado Boulder Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa (INFN) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) University at Albany SUNY State University of New York (SUNY) Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) University of Wisconsin-Madison-NASA-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Peking University Beijing National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC) University of Southampton NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) Institut für Umweltphysik Bremen (IUP) Universität Bremen Department of Meteorology University of Nairobi (UoN) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cretaux, Jean-Francois Sweet, William Crouch, Jake Takahashi, Taro Cunningham, Stuart A. Taylor, Michael A. de Jeu, Richard A. M. Tedesco, Marco Demircan, M. Thepaut, Jean-Noel Derksen, C. Thiaw, Wassila M. Diamond, Howard J. Thompson, Philip Dlugokencky, Ed J. Thorne, Peter W. Dohan, Kathleen Timmermans, M. L. Dolman, A. Johannes Tobin, Skie Dorigo, Wouter A. Toole, J. Drozdov, D. S. Trachte, Katja Duguay, Claude Trewin, Blair C. Dutton, Ellsworth Trigo, Ricardo M. Dutton, Geoff S. Trotman, Adrian Elkins, James W. Tucker, C. J. Epstein, H. E. Ulupinar, Yusuf Famiglietti, James S. Wal, Roderik S. W., van De Fanton d'Andon, Odile Hembise Werf, G. R., van Der Feely, Richard A. Vautard, Robert Fekete, Balazs M. Votaw, Gary Fenimore, Chris Wagner, Wolfgang W. Fernandez-Prieto, D. Wahr, John Fields, Erik Walker, D. A. Fioletov, Vitali Walsh, J. Fogt, Ryan L. Wang, Chunzai Folland, Chris Wang, Junhong Foster, Michael J. Wang, Lei Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Wang, Menghua Franz, Bryan A. Wang, Sheng-Hung Frey, Karen Wanninkhof, Rik H. Frith, Stacey H. Weaver, Scott Frolov, I. Weber, Mark Frost, G. V. Weingartner, T. Ganter, Catherine Weller, Robert A. Garzoli, Silvia Wentz, Frank Gitau, Wilson Whitewood, Robert Gleason, Karin L. Wilber, Anne C. Gobron, Nadine Willett, Kate M. Goldenberg, Stanley B. Williams, W. Goni, Gustavo Willis, Joshua K. Gonzalez-Garcia, Idelmis Wilson, R. Chris Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Nivaldo Wolken, G. Good, Simon A. Wong, Takmeng Goryl, Philippe Woodgate, R. Gottschalck, Jonathan Wovrosh, Alex J. Gouveia, C. M. Xue, Yan Gregg, Margarita C. Yamada, Ryuji Griffiths, Georgina M. Yamamoto-Kawai, M. Grigoryan, Valentina Yoder, James A. Grooss, Jens-Uwe Yu, Lisan Guard, Chip Yueh, Simon Guglielmin, Mauro Zhang, Liangying Hall, Bradley D. Zhang, Peiqun Halpert, Michael S. Zhao, Lin Heidinger, Andrew K. Zhou, Xinjia Heikkila, Anu Zimmerman, S. Heim, Richard R. Zubair, Lafeer Hennon, Paula A. Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu-Peng Hobbs, Will R. Holgate, Simon Hook, Simon J. Hovsepyan, Anahit Hu, Zeng-Zhen Hugony, Sebastien Hurst, Dale F. Ingvaldsen, R. Itoh, M. Jaimes, Ena Jeffries, Martin Johns, William E. Johnsen, Bjorn Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, L. T. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kang, Kyun-Kuk Kanzow, Torsten O. Kao, Hsun-Ying Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John J. Kervankiran, Sefer Key, J. Khatiwala, Samar Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, M. Kikuchi, T. Kimberlain, Todd B. King, Darren Knaff, John A. Korshunova, Natalia N. Koskela, Tapani Kratz, David P. Krishfield, R. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kumar, Arun Lagerloef, Gary Lakkala, Kaisa Lammers, Richard B. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lapinel-Pedroso, Braulio Lazzara, Matthew A. Leduc, Sharon Lefale, Penehuro Leon, Gloria Leon-Lee, Antonia Leuliette, Eric Levitus, Syndney L'Heureux, Michelle Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yanju Liu, Yi Lobato-Sanchez, Rene Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Loeng, H. Long, Craig S. Lorrey, Andrew M. Lumpkin, Rick Myhre, Cathrine Lund Luo, Jing-Jia Lyman, John M. Maccallum, Stuart Macdonald, Alison M. Maddux, Brent C. Manney, Gloria Marchenko, S. S. Marengo, Jose A. Maritorena, Stephane Marotzke, Jochem Marra, John J. Martinez-Sanchez, Odayls Maslanik, J. Massom, Robert A. Mathis, Jeremy T. Mcbride, Charlotte Mcclain, Charles R. Mcgrath, Daniel Mcgree, Simon Mclaughlin, F. Mcvicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl Meier, W. Meinen, Christopher S. Menendez, Melisa Merchant, Chris Merrifield, Mark A. Miller, Laury Mitchum, Gary T. Montzka, Stephen A. Moore, Sue Mora, Natalie P. Morcrette, Jean-Jacques Mote, Thomas Muhle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Muller, Rolf Myhre, Cathrine Nash, Eric R. Nerem, R. Steven Newlin, Michele L. Newman, Paul A. Ngari, Arona Nishino, S. Njau, Lenoard N. Noetzli, Jeannette Oberman, N. G. Obregon, Andre Ogallo, Laban Oludhe, Christopher Overland, J. Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, R. M. Park, Geun-Ha Parker, David E. Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo Pelto, Mauri S. Penalba, Olga Perez-Suarez, Ramon Perovich, D. Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, Dave Pickart, R. Achberger, C. Pinty, Bernard Ackerman, S. A. Pinzon, J. Ahmed, Farid H. Pitts, Michael C. Albanil-Encarnacion, Adelina Pour, Homa Kheyrollah Alfaro, E. J. Prior, John Alves, L. M. Privette, Jeff L. Allan, Rob Proshutinsky, A. Amador, Jorge A. Quegan, Shaun Ambenje, Peter Quintana, Juan Antoine, David Rabe, B. Antonov, John Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Arevalo, Juan Rajeevan, M. Arndt, Derek S. Rayner, Darren Ashik, I. Rayner, Nick A. Atheru, Zachary Raynolds, M. K. Baccini, Alessandro Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Baez, Julian Reagan, James Banzon, Viva Reid, Phillip Baringer, Molly O. Renwick, James A. Barreira, Sandra Revadekar, J. Barriopedro, D. E. Rex, Markus Bates, J. J. Richter-Menge, J. Becker, Andreas Rivera, Ingrid L. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Robinson, David A. Bell, Gerald D. Rodell, Matthew Benedetti, Angela Roderick, Michael L. Bernhard, Germar Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Berrisford, Paul Ronchail, Josyane Berry, David I. Rosenlof, Karen H. Beszczynska-Moeller, A. Rudels, B. Bhatt, U. S. Sabine, Christopher L. Bidegain, Mario Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira Bieniek, P. Santee, Michelle L. Birkett, Charon Sawaengphokhai, P. Bissolli, Peter Sayouri, Amal Blake, Eric S. Scambos, Ted A. Blunden, Jessica Schauer, U. Boudet-Rouco, Dagne Schemm, Jae Box, Jason E. Schmid, Claudia Boyer, Tim Schreck, Carl Braathen, Geir O. Semiletov, Igor Brackenridge, G. Robert Send, Uwe Brohan, Philip Sensoy, Serhat Bromwich, David H. Shakhova, Natalia Brown, Laura Sharp, M. Brown, R. Shiklomanov, Nicolai I. Bruhwiler, Lori Shimada, K. Bulygina, O. N. Shin, J. Burrows, John Siegel, David A. Calderon, Blanca Simmons, Adrian Camargo, Suzana J. Skansi, Maria Cappellen, John Smith, Thomas M. Carmack, E. Sokolov, V. Carrasco, Gualberto Spence, Jacqueline Chambers, Don P. Srivastava, A. K. Christiansen, Hanne H. Stackhouse, Paul W. Christy, John Stammerjohn, Sharon Chung, D. Steele, M. Ciais, Philippe Steffen, Konrad Coehlo, Caio A. S. Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Colwell, Steve Stephenson, Tannecia Comiso, J. Stolarski, Richard S. |
author_facet |
Cretaux, Jean-Francois Sweet, William Crouch, Jake Takahashi, Taro Cunningham, Stuart A. Taylor, Michael A. de Jeu, Richard A. M. Tedesco, Marco Demircan, M. Thepaut, Jean-Noel Derksen, C. Thiaw, Wassila M. Diamond, Howard J. Thompson, Philip Dlugokencky, Ed J. Thorne, Peter W. Dohan, Kathleen Timmermans, M. L. Dolman, A. Johannes Tobin, Skie Dorigo, Wouter A. Toole, J. Drozdov, D. S. Trachte, Katja Duguay, Claude Trewin, Blair C. Dutton, Ellsworth Trigo, Ricardo M. Dutton, Geoff S. Trotman, Adrian Elkins, James W. Tucker, C. J. Epstein, H. E. Ulupinar, Yusuf Famiglietti, James S. Wal, Roderik S. W., van De Fanton d'Andon, Odile Hembise Werf, G. R., van Der Feely, Richard A. Vautard, Robert Fekete, Balazs M. Votaw, Gary Fenimore, Chris Wagner, Wolfgang W. Fernandez-Prieto, D. Wahr, John Fields, Erik Walker, D. A. Fioletov, Vitali Walsh, J. Fogt, Ryan L. Wang, Chunzai Folland, Chris Wang, Junhong Foster, Michael J. Wang, Lei Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Wang, Menghua Franz, Bryan A. Wang, Sheng-Hung Frey, Karen Wanninkhof, Rik H. Frith, Stacey H. Weaver, Scott Frolov, I. Weber, Mark Frost, G. V. Weingartner, T. Ganter, Catherine Weller, Robert A. Garzoli, Silvia Wentz, Frank Gitau, Wilson Whitewood, Robert Gleason, Karin L. Wilber, Anne C. Gobron, Nadine Willett, Kate M. Goldenberg, Stanley B. Williams, W. Goni, Gustavo Willis, Joshua K. Gonzalez-Garcia, Idelmis Wilson, R. Chris Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Nivaldo Wolken, G. Good, Simon A. Wong, Takmeng Goryl, Philippe Woodgate, R. Gottschalck, Jonathan Wovrosh, Alex J. Gouveia, C. M. Xue, Yan Gregg, Margarita C. Yamada, Ryuji Griffiths, Georgina M. Yamamoto-Kawai, M. Grigoryan, Valentina Yoder, James A. Grooss, Jens-Uwe Yu, Lisan Guard, Chip Yueh, Simon Guglielmin, Mauro Zhang, Liangying Hall, Bradley D. Zhang, Peiqun Halpert, Michael S. Zhao, Lin Heidinger, Andrew K. Zhou, Xinjia Heikkila, Anu Zimmerman, S. Heim, Richard R. Zubair, Lafeer Hennon, Paula A. Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu-Peng Hobbs, Will R. Holgate, Simon Hook, Simon J. Hovsepyan, Anahit Hu, Zeng-Zhen Hugony, Sebastien Hurst, Dale F. Ingvaldsen, R. Itoh, M. Jaimes, Ena Jeffries, Martin Johns, William E. Johnsen, Bjorn Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, L. T. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kang, Kyun-Kuk Kanzow, Torsten O. Kao, Hsun-Ying Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John J. Kervankiran, Sefer Key, J. Khatiwala, Samar Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, M. Kikuchi, T. Kimberlain, Todd B. King, Darren Knaff, John A. Korshunova, Natalia N. Koskela, Tapani Kratz, David P. Krishfield, R. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kumar, Arun Lagerloef, Gary Lakkala, Kaisa Lammers, Richard B. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lapinel-Pedroso, Braulio Lazzara, Matthew A. Leduc, Sharon Lefale, Penehuro Leon, Gloria Leon-Lee, Antonia Leuliette, Eric Levitus, Syndney L'Heureux, Michelle Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yanju Liu, Yi Lobato-Sanchez, Rene Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Loeng, H. Long, Craig S. Lorrey, Andrew M. Lumpkin, Rick Myhre, Cathrine Lund Luo, Jing-Jia Lyman, John M. Maccallum, Stuart Macdonald, Alison M. Maddux, Brent C. Manney, Gloria Marchenko, S. S. Marengo, Jose A. Maritorena, Stephane Marotzke, Jochem Marra, John J. Martinez-Sanchez, Odayls Maslanik, J. Massom, Robert A. Mathis, Jeremy T. Mcbride, Charlotte Mcclain, Charles R. Mcgrath, Daniel Mcgree, Simon Mclaughlin, F. Mcvicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl Meier, W. Meinen, Christopher S. Menendez, Melisa Merchant, Chris Merrifield, Mark A. Miller, Laury Mitchum, Gary T. Montzka, Stephen A. Moore, Sue Mora, Natalie P. Morcrette, Jean-Jacques Mote, Thomas Muhle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Muller, Rolf Myhre, Cathrine Nash, Eric R. Nerem, R. Steven Newlin, Michele L. Newman, Paul A. Ngari, Arona Nishino, S. Njau, Lenoard N. Noetzli, Jeannette Oberman, N. G. Obregon, Andre Ogallo, Laban Oludhe, Christopher Overland, J. Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, R. M. Park, Geun-Ha Parker, David E. Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo Pelto, Mauri S. Penalba, Olga Perez-Suarez, Ramon Perovich, D. Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, Dave Pickart, R. Achberger, C. Pinty, Bernard Ackerman, S. A. Pinzon, J. Ahmed, Farid H. Pitts, Michael C. Albanil-Encarnacion, Adelina Pour, Homa Kheyrollah Alfaro, E. J. Prior, John Alves, L. M. Privette, Jeff L. Allan, Rob Proshutinsky, A. Amador, Jorge A. Quegan, Shaun Ambenje, Peter Quintana, Juan Antoine, David Rabe, B. Antonov, John Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Arevalo, Juan Rajeevan, M. Arndt, Derek S. Rayner, Darren Ashik, I. Rayner, Nick A. Atheru, Zachary Raynolds, M. K. Baccini, Alessandro Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Baez, Julian Reagan, James Banzon, Viva Reid, Phillip Baringer, Molly O. Renwick, James A. Barreira, Sandra Revadekar, J. Barriopedro, D. E. Rex, Markus Bates, J. J. Richter-Menge, J. Becker, Andreas Rivera, Ingrid L. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Robinson, David A. Bell, Gerald D. Rodell, Matthew Benedetti, Angela Roderick, Michael L. Bernhard, Germar Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Berrisford, Paul Ronchail, Josyane Berry, David I. Rosenlof, Karen H. Beszczynska-Moeller, A. Rudels, B. Bhatt, U. S. Sabine, Christopher L. Bidegain, Mario Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira Bieniek, P. Santee, Michelle L. Birkett, Charon Sawaengphokhai, P. Bissolli, Peter Sayouri, Amal Blake, Eric S. Scambos, Ted A. Blunden, Jessica Schauer, U. Boudet-Rouco, Dagne Schemm, Jae Box, Jason E. Schmid, Claudia Boyer, Tim Schreck, Carl Braathen, Geir O. Semiletov, Igor Brackenridge, G. Robert Send, Uwe Brohan, Philip Sensoy, Serhat Bromwich, David H. Shakhova, Natalia Brown, Laura Sharp, M. Brown, R. Shiklomanov, Nicolai I. Bruhwiler, Lori Shimada, K. Bulygina, O. N. Shin, J. Burrows, John Siegel, David A. Calderon, Blanca Simmons, Adrian Camargo, Suzana J. Skansi, Maria Cappellen, John Smith, Thomas M. Carmack, E. Sokolov, V. Carrasco, Gualberto Spence, Jacqueline Chambers, Don P. Srivastava, A. K. Christiansen, Hanne H. Stackhouse, Paul W. Christy, John Stammerjohn, Sharon Chung, D. Steele, M. Ciais, Philippe Steffen, Konrad Coehlo, Caio A. S. Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Colwell, Steve Stephenson, Tannecia Comiso, J. Stolarski, Richard S. |
author_sort |
Cretaux, Jean-Francois |
title |
STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2011 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2012 |
title_short |
STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2011 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2012 |
title_full |
STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2011 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2012 |
title_fullStr |
STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2011 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2012 |
title_full_unstemmed |
STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2011 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2012 |
title_sort |
state of the climate in 2011 special supplement to the bulletin of the american meteorological society vol. 93, no. 7, july 2012 |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-03502662 https://hal.science/hal-03502662/document https://hal.science/hal-03502662/file/2012bamsstateoftheclimate.1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic |
op_source |
ISSN: 0003-0007 EISSN: 1520-0477 Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society https://hal.science/hal-03502662 Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2012, 93 (7, S), pp.S1-S263. ⟨10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 hal-03502662 https://hal.science/hal-03502662 https://hal.science/hal-03502662/document https://hal.science/hal-03502662/file/2012bamsstateoftheclimate.1.pdf doi:10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 |
container_title |
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
93 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
S1 |
op_container_end_page |
S282 |
_version_ |
1802651427507535872 |
spelling |
ftinstagro:oai:HAL:hal-03502662v1 2024-06-23T07:47:20+00:00 STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2011 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2012 Cretaux, Jean-Francois Sweet, William Crouch, Jake Takahashi, Taro Cunningham, Stuart A. Taylor, Michael A. de Jeu, Richard A. M. Tedesco, Marco Demircan, M. Thepaut, Jean-Noel Derksen, C. Thiaw, Wassila M. Diamond, Howard J. Thompson, Philip Dlugokencky, Ed J. Thorne, Peter W. Dohan, Kathleen Timmermans, M. L. Dolman, A. Johannes Tobin, Skie Dorigo, Wouter A. Toole, J. Drozdov, D. S. Trachte, Katja Duguay, Claude Trewin, Blair C. Dutton, Ellsworth Trigo, Ricardo M. Dutton, Geoff S. Trotman, Adrian Elkins, James W. Tucker, C. J. Epstein, H. E. Ulupinar, Yusuf Famiglietti, James S. Wal, Roderik S. W., van De Fanton d'Andon, Odile Hembise Werf, G. R., van Der Feely, Richard A. Vautard, Robert Fekete, Balazs M. Votaw, Gary Fenimore, Chris Wagner, Wolfgang W. Fernandez-Prieto, D. Wahr, John Fields, Erik Walker, D. A. Fioletov, Vitali Walsh, J. Fogt, Ryan L. Wang, Chunzai Folland, Chris Wang, Junhong Foster, Michael J. Wang, Lei Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Wang, Menghua Franz, Bryan A. Wang, Sheng-Hung Frey, Karen Wanninkhof, Rik H. Frith, Stacey H. Weaver, Scott Frolov, I. Weber, Mark Frost, G. V. Weingartner, T. Ganter, Catherine Weller, Robert A. Garzoli, Silvia Wentz, Frank Gitau, Wilson Whitewood, Robert Gleason, Karin L. Wilber, Anne C. Gobron, Nadine Willett, Kate M. Goldenberg, Stanley B. Williams, W. Goni, Gustavo Willis, Joshua K. Gonzalez-Garcia, Idelmis Wilson, R. Chris Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Nivaldo Wolken, G. Good, Simon A. Wong, Takmeng Goryl, Philippe Woodgate, R. Gottschalck, Jonathan Wovrosh, Alex J. Gouveia, C. M. Xue, Yan Gregg, Margarita C. Yamada, Ryuji Griffiths, Georgina M. Yamamoto-Kawai, M. Grigoryan, Valentina Yoder, James A. Grooss, Jens-Uwe Yu, Lisan Guard, Chip Yueh, Simon Guglielmin, Mauro Zhang, Liangying Hall, Bradley D. Zhang, Peiqun Halpert, Michael S. Zhao, Lin Heidinger, Andrew K. Zhou, Xinjia Heikkila, Anu Zimmerman, S. Heim, Richard R. Zubair, Lafeer Hennon, Paula A. Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu-Peng Hobbs, Will R. Holgate, Simon Hook, Simon J. Hovsepyan, Anahit Hu, Zeng-Zhen Hugony, Sebastien Hurst, Dale F. Ingvaldsen, R. Itoh, M. Jaimes, Ena Jeffries, Martin Johns, William E. Johnsen, Bjorn Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, L. T. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kang, Kyun-Kuk Kanzow, Torsten O. Kao, Hsun-Ying Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John J. Kervankiran, Sefer Key, J. Khatiwala, Samar Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, M. Kikuchi, T. Kimberlain, Todd B. King, Darren Knaff, John A. Korshunova, Natalia N. Koskela, Tapani Kratz, David P. Krishfield, R. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kumar, Arun Lagerloef, Gary Lakkala, Kaisa Lammers, Richard B. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lapinel-Pedroso, Braulio Lazzara, Matthew A. Leduc, Sharon Lefale, Penehuro Leon, Gloria Leon-Lee, Antonia Leuliette, Eric Levitus, Syndney L'Heureux, Michelle Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yanju Liu, Yi Lobato-Sanchez, Rene Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Loeng, H. Long, Craig S. Lorrey, Andrew M. Lumpkin, Rick Myhre, Cathrine Lund Luo, Jing-Jia Lyman, John M. Maccallum, Stuart Macdonald, Alison M. Maddux, Brent C. Manney, Gloria Marchenko, S. S. Marengo, Jose A. Maritorena, Stephane Marotzke, Jochem Marra, John J. Martinez-Sanchez, Odayls Maslanik, J. Massom, Robert A. Mathis, Jeremy T. Mcbride, Charlotte Mcclain, Charles R. Mcgrath, Daniel Mcgree, Simon Mclaughlin, F. Mcvicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl Meier, W. Meinen, Christopher S. Menendez, Melisa Merchant, Chris Merrifield, Mark A. Miller, Laury Mitchum, Gary T. Montzka, Stephen A. Moore, Sue Mora, Natalie P. Morcrette, Jean-Jacques Mote, Thomas Muhle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Muller, Rolf Myhre, Cathrine Nash, Eric R. Nerem, R. Steven Newlin, Michele L. Newman, Paul A. Ngari, Arona Nishino, S. Njau, Lenoard N. Noetzli, Jeannette Oberman, N. G. Obregon, Andre Ogallo, Laban Oludhe, Christopher Overland, J. Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, R. M. Park, Geun-Ha Parker, David E. Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo Pelto, Mauri S. Penalba, Olga Perez-Suarez, Ramon Perovich, D. Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, Dave Pickart, R. Achberger, C. Pinty, Bernard Ackerman, S. A. Pinzon, J. Ahmed, Farid H. Pitts, Michael C. Albanil-Encarnacion, Adelina Pour, Homa Kheyrollah Alfaro, E. J. Prior, John Alves, L. M. Privette, Jeff L. Allan, Rob Proshutinsky, A. Amador, Jorge A. Quegan, Shaun Ambenje, Peter Quintana, Juan Antoine, David Rabe, B. Antonov, John Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Arevalo, Juan Rajeevan, M. Arndt, Derek S. Rayner, Darren Ashik, I. Rayner, Nick A. Atheru, Zachary Raynolds, M. K. Baccini, Alessandro Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Baez, Julian Reagan, James Banzon, Viva Reid, Phillip Baringer, Molly O. Renwick, James A. Barreira, Sandra Revadekar, J. Barriopedro, D. E. Rex, Markus Bates, J. J. Richter-Menge, J. Becker, Andreas Rivera, Ingrid L. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Robinson, David A. Bell, Gerald D. Rodell, Matthew Benedetti, Angela Roderick, Michael L. Bernhard, Germar Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Berrisford, Paul Ronchail, Josyane Berry, David I. Rosenlof, Karen H. Beszczynska-Moeller, A. Rudels, B. Bhatt, U. S. Sabine, Christopher L. Bidegain, Mario Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira Bieniek, P. Santee, Michelle L. Birkett, Charon Sawaengphokhai, P. Bissolli, Peter Sayouri, Amal Blake, Eric S. Scambos, Ted A. Blunden, Jessica Schauer, U. Boudet-Rouco, Dagne Schemm, Jae Box, Jason E. Schmid, Claudia Boyer, Tim Schreck, Carl Braathen, Geir O. Semiletov, Igor Brackenridge, G. Robert Send, Uwe Brohan, Philip Sensoy, Serhat Bromwich, David H. Shakhova, Natalia Brown, Laura Sharp, M. Brown, R. Shiklomanov, Nicolai I. Bruhwiler, Lori Shimada, K. Bulygina, O. N. Shin, J. Burrows, John Siegel, David A. Calderon, Blanca Simmons, Adrian Camargo, Suzana J. Skansi, Maria Cappellen, John Smith, Thomas M. Carmack, E. Sokolov, V. Carrasco, Gualberto Spence, Jacqueline Chambers, Don P. Srivastava, A. K. Christiansen, Hanne H. Stackhouse, Paul W. Christy, John Stammerjohn, Sharon Chung, D. Steele, M. Ciais, Philippe Steffen, Konrad Coehlo, Caio A. S. Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Colwell, Steve Stephenson, Tannecia Comiso, J. Stolarski, Richard S. Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) Columbia University New York Space Technology Center European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Climate Research Division Toronto Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) Earth and Space Research Institute Seattle (ESR) Department of Hydrology and Geo-Environmental Sciences Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam (VU) Vienna University of Technology = Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien) Instituto Dom Luiz Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon = Université de Lisbonne (ULISBOA) NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Department of Earth System Science Irvine (ESS) University of California Irvine (UC Irvine) University of California (UC)-University of California (UC) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH) University of California Center for Hydrologic Modeling Irvine (UCCHM) NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Seattle (PMEL) Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Department of Physics Boulder University of Colorado Boulder Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Pisa (INFN) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) University at Albany SUNY State University of New York (SUNY) Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) University of Wisconsin-Madison-NASA-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Peking University Beijing National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC) University of Southampton NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) Institut für Umweltphysik Bremen (IUP) Universität Bremen Department of Meteorology University of Nairobi (UoN) 2012 https://hal.science/hal-03502662 https://hal.science/hal-03502662/document https://hal.science/hal-03502662/file/2012bamsstateoftheclimate.1.pdf https://doi.org/10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 en eng HAL CCSD American Meteorological Society info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 hal-03502662 https://hal.science/hal-03502662 https://hal.science/hal-03502662/document https://hal.science/hal-03502662/file/2012bamsstateoftheclimate.1.pdf doi:10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0003-0007 EISSN: 1520-0477 Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society https://hal.science/hal-03502662 Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2012, 93 (7, S), pp.S1-S263. ⟨10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1⟩ [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2012 ftinstagro https://doi.org/10.1175/2012BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 2024-05-29T23:43:03Z International audience Large-scale climate patterns influenced temperature and weather patterns around the globe in 2011. In particular, a moderate-to-strong La Nina at the beginning of the year dissipated during boreal spring but reemerged during fall. The phenomenon contributed to historical droughts in East Africa, the southern United States, and northern Mexico, as well the wettest two-year period (2010-11) on record for Australia, particularly remarkable as this follows a decade-long dry period. Precipitation patterns in South America were also influenced by La Nina. Heavy rain in Rio de Janeiro in January triggered the country's worst floods and landslides in Brazil's history. The 2011 combined average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces was the coolest since 2008, but was also among the 15 warmest years on record and above the 1981-2010 average. The global sea surface temperature cooled by 0.1 degrees C from 2010 to 2011, associated with cooling influences of La Nina. Global integrals of upper ocean heat content for 2011 were higher than for all prior years, demonstrating the Earth's dominant role of the oceans in the Earth's energy budget. In the upper atmosphere, tropical stratospheric temperatures were anomalously warm, while polar temperatures were anomalously cold. This led to large springtime stratospheric ozone reductions in polar latitudes in both hemispheres. Ozone concentrations in the Arctic stratosphere during March were the lowest for that period since satellite records began in 1979. An extensive, deep, and persistent ozone hole over the Antarctic in September indicates that the recovery to pre-1980 conditions is proceeding very slowly. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increased by 2.10 ppm in 2011, and exceeded 390 ppm for the first time since instrumental records began. Other greenhouse gases also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 30% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Most ozone depleting substances ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Portail HAL Institut Agro Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 93 7 S1 S282 |