Genetic and historic evidence for climate-driven population fragmentation in a top cetacean predator : the harbour porpoises in European water

• Published in: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
• Main Authors: Fontaine, Michaël, Tolley, Krystal A., Michaux, Johan, J., Birkun, Alexei, Ferreira, Marisa, Jauniaux, Thierry, Llavona, Angela, Oztürk, Bayram, Ozturk, Ayaka A., Ridoux, Vincent, Rogan, Emer, Sequeira, Marina, Bouquegneau, Jean-Marie, Baird, Stuart
• Other Authors: Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), MARE Centre, Laboratory for Oceanology, Université de Liège, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Norwegian Institute of Marine Research, BREMA Laboratory, Partenaires INRAE, Universidade do Minho = University of Minho Braga, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique = Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (IRSNB / RBINS), Coordinadora para o Estudio dos Mamiferos Marinos, Istanbul University, Faculty of fisheries, Centre de Recherche sur les Mammifères Marins (CRMM), La Rochelle Université (ULR), Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science, University College Cork (UCC), Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e da Biodiversidade, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Belgian Science Policy (SSTC EV/12/46A), Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), AGAPE
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2010
• Subjects: cetacean; climate change; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; TIME DEPENDENCY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MUTATION-RATE; LIFE-HISTORY; ANCIENT DNA; SEA; habitat fragmentation; population genetics; coalescence; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HUMAN-EVOLUTION; MARINE MAMMALS; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; Harbour porpoise; North Atlantic; Northeast Atlantic; Phocoena phocoena
• Online Access: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02665052; https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0412

International audience Recent climate change has triggered profound reorganization in northeast Atlantic ecosystems, with substantial impact on the distribution of marine assemblages from plankton to fishes. However, assessing the repercussions on apex marine predators remains a challenging issue, especially for pelagic species. In this study, we use Bayesian coalescent modelling of microsatellite variation to track the population demographic history of one of the smallest temperate cetaceans, the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in European waters. Combining genetic inferences with palaeo-oceanographic and historical records provides strong evidence that populations of harbour porpoises have responded markedly to the recent climate-driven reorganization in the eastern North Atlantic food web. This response includes the isolation of porpoises in Iberian waters from those further north only approximately 300 years ago with a predominant northward migration, contemporaneous with the warming trend underway since the 'Little Ice Age' period and with the ongoing retreat of cold-water fishes from the Bay of Biscay. The extinction or exodus of harbour porpoises from the Mediterranean Sea (leaving an isolated relict population in the Black Sea) has lacked a coherent explanation. The present results suggest that the fragmentation of harbour distribution range in the Mediterranean Sea was triggered during the warm 'Mid-Holocene Optimum' period (approx. 5000 years ago), by the end of the post-glacial nutrient-rich 'Sapropel' conditions that prevailed before that time.