Effect of lifestyle on blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication: an analysis from the Portuguese Health Examination Survey

Introduction and Objectives: Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for disability and death from cardiovascular disease. Current guidelines include initiatives to control blood pressure in hypertensive patients that focus on lifestyle changes. The main objective of this study was to analyze t...

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Published in:Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia
Main Authors: Salvador, Mário Rui, Gonçalves, Susana Cunha, Romana, Guilherme Quinaz, Nunes, Baltazar, Kislaya, Irina, Matias Dias, Carlos, Rodrigues, Ana Paula
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Elsevier España/ociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/7109
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2018.12.006
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collection National Health Institute, Portugal: Repositório Científico
op_collection_id ftinssaudelisboa
language English
topic Physical Activity
Blood Pressure
Alcohol
Smoking
Diet
Portuguese Health Examination Survey
INSEF
Pressão Arterial
Dieta
Atividade Física
Tabaco
Álcool
Inquérito Nacional de Saúde com Exame Físico
Determinantes da Saúde e da Doença
Portugal
spellingShingle Physical Activity
Blood Pressure
Alcohol
Smoking
Diet
Portuguese Health Examination Survey
INSEF
Pressão Arterial
Dieta
Atividade Física
Tabaco
Álcool
Inquérito Nacional de Saúde com Exame Físico
Determinantes da Saúde e da Doença
Portugal
Salvador, Mário Rui
Gonçalves, Susana Cunha
Romana, Guilherme Quinaz
Nunes, Baltazar
Kislaya, Irina
Matias Dias, Carlos
Rodrigues, Ana Paula
Effect of lifestyle on blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication: an analysis from the Portuguese Health Examination Survey
topic_facet Physical Activity
Blood Pressure
Alcohol
Smoking
Diet
Portuguese Health Examination Survey
INSEF
Pressão Arterial
Dieta
Atividade Física
Tabaco
Álcool
Inquérito Nacional de Saúde com Exame Físico
Determinantes da Saúde e da Doença
Portugal
description Introduction and Objectives: Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for disability and death from cardiovascular disease. Current guidelines include initiatives to control blood pressure in hypertensive patients that focus on lifestyle changes. The main objective of this study was to analyze the association between lifestyle and blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication. Methods: Data collected in the Portuguese National Health Examination Survey (INSEF) were analyzed. Individuals who met INSEF inclusion criteria and reported being under antihypertensive medication in the two weeks prior to the questionnaire were studied. Lifestyle variables (alcohol consumption, smoking, added salt intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity) were assessed by questionnaire, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by physical examination. Associations between lifestyle factors and blood pressure, stratified by gender and adjusted for sociodemographic variables and obesity, were estimated through a multiple linear regression model. Results: Alcohol consumption (beta=6.31, p=0.007) and smoking (beta=4.72, p=0.018) were positively associated with systolic blood pressure in men. Added salt intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity were not associated with blood pressure in men. In women, no association was observed for any behavioral variable. Conclusions: These conclusions highlight the need in the population under antihypertensive medication, particularly in men, to focus on the fight against high systolic blood pressure in the two modifiable and preventable behaviors of smoking and alcohol consumption. Introdução e objetivos: A hipertensão arterial é um dos principais fatores de risco para incapacidade e morte por doenças cardiovasculares. Orientações atuais de controlo da pressão arterial em indivíduos hipertensos focam-se em alterações do estilo de vida. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a associação entre o estilo de vida e a pressão arterial em indivíduos sob medicação anti-hipertensiva. Métodos: Procedeu-se a uma análise dos dados colhidos no Inquérito Nacional de Saúde com Exame Físico. Indivíduos que cumpriram os critérios de inclusão e que referiram encontrar-se sob medicação anti-hipertensiva foram estudados. Variáveis de estilo de vida (consumo de álcool, hábito tabágico, consumo adicional de sal, consumo de fruta e vegetais, prática de atividade física) foram medidas por questionário e os valores de pressão arterial foram obtidos por exame físico. Associações entre fatores do estilo de vida e pressão arterial, estratificadas para o sexo e ajustadas a variáveis sociodemográficas e obesidade, foram estimadas através de um modelo de regressão lineal múltipla. Resultados: Consumo de álcool (b=6,31, p=0,007) e hábito tabágico (b=4,72, p=0,018) foram positivamente associadas à pressão arterial sistólica em homens. Consumo adicional de sal, consumo de fruta e vegetais e prática de atividade física não se encontraram associados à pressão arterial em homens. Em mulheres, nenhuma associação foi identificada para qualquer variável comportamental. Conclusões: Estas conclusões reforçam a necessidade, também na população sob medicação anti-hipertensiva, particularmente no sexo masculino, de centrar o combate à pressão arterial sistólica nestes dois comportamentos modificáveis e preveníveis: hábito tabágico e consumo de álcool. The Portuguese National Health Examination Survey is developed as a part of the project “Improvement of epidemiological health information to support public health decision and management in Portugal. Towards reduced inequalities, improved health, and bilateral cooperation”, that benefits from a 1.500.000€ Grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Grants. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Salvador, Mário Rui
Gonçalves, Susana Cunha
Romana, Guilherme Quinaz
Nunes, Baltazar
Kislaya, Irina
Matias Dias, Carlos
Rodrigues, Ana Paula
author_facet Salvador, Mário Rui
Gonçalves, Susana Cunha
Romana, Guilherme Quinaz
Nunes, Baltazar
Kislaya, Irina
Matias Dias, Carlos
Rodrigues, Ana Paula
author_sort Salvador, Mário Rui
title Effect of lifestyle on blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication: an analysis from the Portuguese Health Examination Survey
title_short Effect of lifestyle on blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication: an analysis from the Portuguese Health Examination Survey
title_full Effect of lifestyle on blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication: an analysis from the Portuguese Health Examination Survey
title_fullStr Effect of lifestyle on blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication: an analysis from the Portuguese Health Examination Survey
title_full_unstemmed Effect of lifestyle on blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication: an analysis from the Portuguese Health Examination Survey
title_sort effect of lifestyle on blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication: an analysis from the portuguese health examination survey
publisher Elsevier España/ociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia
publishDate 2020
url http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/7109
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2018.12.006
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genre Iceland
genre_facet Iceland
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spelling ftinssaudelisboa:oai:repositorio.insa.pt:10400.18/7109 2023-05-15T16:53:21+02:00 Effect of lifestyle on blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication: an analysis from the Portuguese Health Examination Survey Efeito do estilo de vida na pressão arterial em indivíduos sob medicação anti-hipertensiva: uma análise do Inquérito Nacional de Saúde com Exame Físico Salvador, Mário Rui Gonçalves, Susana Cunha Romana, Guilherme Quinaz Nunes, Baltazar Kislaya, Irina Matias Dias, Carlos Rodrigues, Ana Paula 2020-07-28T15:49:04Z http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/7109 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2018.12.006 eng eng Elsevier España/ociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0870255119305712?via%3Dihub Rev Port Cardiol. 2019 Out;38(10):697-705. doi:10.1016/j.repc.2018.12.006 0870-2551 http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/7109 doi:10.1016/j.repc.2018.12.006 embargoedAccess http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ CC-BY-NC-ND Physical Activity Blood Pressure Alcohol Smoking Diet Portuguese Health Examination Survey INSEF Pressão Arterial Dieta Atividade Física Tabaco Álcool Inquérito Nacional de Saúde com Exame Físico Determinantes da Saúde e da Doença Portugal article 2020 ftinssaudelisboa https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2018.12.006 2021-09-23T15:57:08Z Introduction and Objectives: Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for disability and death from cardiovascular disease. Current guidelines include initiatives to control blood pressure in hypertensive patients that focus on lifestyle changes. The main objective of this study was to analyze the association between lifestyle and blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication. Methods: Data collected in the Portuguese National Health Examination Survey (INSEF) were analyzed. Individuals who met INSEF inclusion criteria and reported being under antihypertensive medication in the two weeks prior to the questionnaire were studied. Lifestyle variables (alcohol consumption, smoking, added salt intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity) were assessed by questionnaire, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by physical examination. Associations between lifestyle factors and blood pressure, stratified by gender and adjusted for sociodemographic variables and obesity, were estimated through a multiple linear regression model. Results: Alcohol consumption (beta=6.31, p=0.007) and smoking (beta=4.72, p=0.018) were positively associated with systolic blood pressure in men. Added salt intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity were not associated with blood pressure in men. In women, no association was observed for any behavioral variable. Conclusions: These conclusions highlight the need in the population under antihypertensive medication, particularly in men, to focus on the fight against high systolic blood pressure in the two modifiable and preventable behaviors of smoking and alcohol consumption. Introdução e objetivos: A hipertensão arterial é um dos principais fatores de risco para incapacidade e morte por doenças cardiovasculares. Orientações atuais de controlo da pressão arterial em indivíduos hipertensos focam-se em alterações do estilo de vida. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a associação entre o estilo de vida e a pressão arterial em indivíduos sob medicação anti-hipertensiva. Métodos: Procedeu-se a uma análise dos dados colhidos no Inquérito Nacional de Saúde com Exame Físico. Indivíduos que cumpriram os critérios de inclusão e que referiram encontrar-se sob medicação anti-hipertensiva foram estudados. Variáveis de estilo de vida (consumo de álcool, hábito tabágico, consumo adicional de sal, consumo de fruta e vegetais, prática de atividade física) foram medidas por questionário e os valores de pressão arterial foram obtidos por exame físico. Associações entre fatores do estilo de vida e pressão arterial, estratificadas para o sexo e ajustadas a variáveis sociodemográficas e obesidade, foram estimadas através de um modelo de regressão lineal múltipla. Resultados: Consumo de álcool (b=6,31, p=0,007) e hábito tabágico (b=4,72, p=0,018) foram positivamente associadas à pressão arterial sistólica em homens. Consumo adicional de sal, consumo de fruta e vegetais e prática de atividade física não se encontraram associados à pressão arterial em homens. Em mulheres, nenhuma associação foi identificada para qualquer variável comportamental. Conclusões: Estas conclusões reforçam a necessidade, também na população sob medicação anti-hipertensiva, particularmente no sexo masculino, de centrar o combate à pressão arterial sistólica nestes dois comportamentos modificáveis e preveníveis: hábito tabágico e consumo de álcool. The Portuguese National Health Examination Survey is developed as a part of the project “Improvement of epidemiological health information to support public health decision and management in Portugal. Towards reduced inequalities, improved health, and bilateral cooperation”, that benefits from a 1.500.000€ Grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Grants. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland National Health Institute, Portugal: Repositório Científico Norway Sob’ ENVELOPE(66.156,66.156,66.322,66.322) Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia 38 10 697 705