Nighttime convection in water-ice clouds at high northern latitudes on Mars
International audience We investigate water-ice clouds and their influence on the temperature structure of the Martian atmosphere at high northern latitudes in early summer. New results are obtained through coordinated analysis of two types of data from Mars Global Surveyor: atmospheric profiles ret...
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Online Access: | https://insu.hal.science/insu-03726927 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114693 |
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ftinspolytechpar:oai:HAL:insu-03726927v1 2024-06-16T07:40:41+00:00 Nighttime convection in water-ice clouds at high northern latitudes on Mars Hinson, David Wang, Huiqun Wilson, John Spiga, Aymeric Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) 2022 https://insu.hal.science/insu-03726927 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114693 en eng HAL CCSD Elsevier info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114693 insu-03726927 https://insu.hal.science/insu-03726927 BIBCODE: 2022Icar.37114693H doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114693 ISSN: 0019-1035 EISSN: 1090-2643 Icarus https://insu.hal.science/insu-03726927 Icarus, 2022, 371, 6, p. 59-64. ⟨10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114693⟩ Mars Atmospheres dynamics Meteorology [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2022 ftinspolytechpar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114693 2024-05-19T23:43:45Z International audience We investigate water-ice clouds and their influence on the temperature structure of the Martian atmosphere at high northern latitudes in early summer. New results are obtained through coordinated analysis of two types of data from Mars Global Surveyor: atmospheric profiles retrieved from radio occultation (RO) measurements and wide-angle images from the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC). Some RO profiles contain a layer of neutral static stability, which indicates the presence of convective mixing at a local time (about 5 h) when it does not usually occur. These nocturnal mixed layers (NMLs) were observed frequently in early summer of Mars year 27 at latitudes of 53-72°N and longitudes of 210-330°E. The base of a typical NML is 3 km above the surface, about the same height as the nighttime cloud layer detected by the Phoenix LIDAR in early summer of Mars year 29 at 234°E, 68°N. The depth of the NMLs ranges from less than 1 km to more than 5 km. Comparisons with nearly simultaneous MOC images demonstrate that NMLs are closely associated with water-ice clouds. There is a dense cluster of NMLs within the annular cloud that appears every year in early summer between Alba Mons and the north polar residual ice cap. The lighting conditions at this location and season allowed MOC to observe the annular cloud on most orbits, at 118-min intervals. Its appearance varies dramatically with local time, becoming more symmetrical and better organized at night and dissipating to a crescent shape during the day. According to high-resolution numerical simulations (Spiga et al., 2017), including a large-eddy simulation at the Phoenix landing site, NMLs form when radiative cooling by water-ice aerosols causes convective instability; the mixed layer is forced from above by negative buoyancy. Our results strongly support this conclusion. In addition, MOC images from midsummer contain eastward-moving frontal clouds. Temperature profiles within these clouds show signs of near-surface advection of warm air, which reduces ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice cap HAL de l'Institut Polytechnique de Paris Icarus 371 114693 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
HAL de l'Institut Polytechnique de Paris |
op_collection_id |
ftinspolytechpar |
language |
English |
topic |
Mars Atmospheres dynamics Meteorology [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] |
spellingShingle |
Mars Atmospheres dynamics Meteorology [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] Hinson, David Wang, Huiqun Wilson, John Spiga, Aymeric Nighttime convection in water-ice clouds at high northern latitudes on Mars |
topic_facet |
Mars Atmospheres dynamics Meteorology [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] |
description |
International audience We investigate water-ice clouds and their influence on the temperature structure of the Martian atmosphere at high northern latitudes in early summer. New results are obtained through coordinated analysis of two types of data from Mars Global Surveyor: atmospheric profiles retrieved from radio occultation (RO) measurements and wide-angle images from the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC). Some RO profiles contain a layer of neutral static stability, which indicates the presence of convective mixing at a local time (about 5 h) when it does not usually occur. These nocturnal mixed layers (NMLs) were observed frequently in early summer of Mars year 27 at latitudes of 53-72°N and longitudes of 210-330°E. The base of a typical NML is 3 km above the surface, about the same height as the nighttime cloud layer detected by the Phoenix LIDAR in early summer of Mars year 29 at 234°E, 68°N. The depth of the NMLs ranges from less than 1 km to more than 5 km. Comparisons with nearly simultaneous MOC images demonstrate that NMLs are closely associated with water-ice clouds. There is a dense cluster of NMLs within the annular cloud that appears every year in early summer between Alba Mons and the north polar residual ice cap. The lighting conditions at this location and season allowed MOC to observe the annular cloud on most orbits, at 118-min intervals. Its appearance varies dramatically with local time, becoming more symmetrical and better organized at night and dissipating to a crescent shape during the day. According to high-resolution numerical simulations (Spiga et al., 2017), including a large-eddy simulation at the Phoenix landing site, NMLs form when radiative cooling by water-ice aerosols causes convective instability; the mixed layer is forced from above by negative buoyancy. Our results strongly support this conclusion. In addition, MOC images from midsummer contain eastward-moving frontal clouds. Temperature profiles within these clouds show signs of near-surface advection of warm air, which reduces ... |
author2 |
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hinson, David Wang, Huiqun Wilson, John Spiga, Aymeric |
author_facet |
Hinson, David Wang, Huiqun Wilson, John Spiga, Aymeric |
author_sort |
Hinson, David |
title |
Nighttime convection in water-ice clouds at high northern latitudes on Mars |
title_short |
Nighttime convection in water-ice clouds at high northern latitudes on Mars |
title_full |
Nighttime convection in water-ice clouds at high northern latitudes on Mars |
title_fullStr |
Nighttime convection in water-ice clouds at high northern latitudes on Mars |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nighttime convection in water-ice clouds at high northern latitudes on Mars |
title_sort |
nighttime convection in water-ice clouds at high northern latitudes on mars |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://insu.hal.science/insu-03726927 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114693 |
genre |
Ice cap |
genre_facet |
Ice cap |
op_source |
ISSN: 0019-1035 EISSN: 1090-2643 Icarus https://insu.hal.science/insu-03726927 Icarus, 2022, 371, 6, p. 59-64. ⟨10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114693⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114693 insu-03726927 https://insu.hal.science/insu-03726927 BIBCODE: 2022Icar.37114693H doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114693 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114693 |
container_title |
Icarus |
container_volume |
371 |
container_start_page |
114693 |
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