Development of volcanic passive margins: Three‐dimensional laboratory models
International audience Continental breakup above an anomalously hot mantle may lead to the development of volcanic margins. Volcanic margins are characterized by (1) thick seaward dipping lava flow sequences, (2) central intrusive complexes associated with dyke swarms parallel to the coast, and (3)...
Published in: | Tectonics |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2002
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Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-04617955 https://hal.science/hal-04617955/document https://hal.science/hal-04617955/file/2001CallotVolMar3D.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2001TC901019 |
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ftinraparis:oai:HAL:hal-04617955v1 |
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Open Polar |
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Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique: ProdINRA |
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English |
topic |
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology Callot, Jean-Paul Geoffroy, Laurent Brun, Jean-Pierre Development of volcanic passive margins: Three‐dimensional laboratory models |
topic_facet |
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology |
description |
International audience Continental breakup above an anomalously hot mantle may lead to the development of volcanic margins. Volcanic margins are characterized by (1) thick seaward dipping lava flow sequences, (2) central intrusive complexes associated with dyke swarms parallel to the coast, and (3) high seismic velocity bodies in the lower crust attributable to magma underplating. A conceptual model for volcanic margins development has recently been proposed based on onshore studies of the Greenland margins and the British Tertiary Igneous Province. It is proposed that the long‐lived central intrusions are genetically linked to underlying persistent zones of mantle fusion. These localized melting domains (or soft spots), equivalent to small mantle diapirs, may locally soften the extending continental lithosphere. The low‐viscosity diapirs would (1) localize tectonic strain and (2) feed the volcanic margin with magma. Thus such soft spots can control the along‐strike magmatic and tectonic segmentation of volcanic margins. Recent geophysical investigations appear to show that the along‐strike structure of volcanic passive margins is compatible with such a segmentation process. Here we present a set of scaled experiments designed to study how such localized rheological heterogeneities in the sub‐Moho mantle may have a mechanical effect on continental breakup. Four‐layer models were constructed using sand and silicone putties to represent the brittle and ductile layers of both crust and mantle. The soft spots are simulated by low‐viscosity silicone putty emplaced within the brittle material. At the scale of the entire breakup zone, the soft spots display an oceanic‐type strength profile defining low‐strength zones where continental breakup is initiated. The rift orientation and segmentation are strongly controlled by the distribution of the low‐viscosity heterogeneities, rather than by the direction of regional extension. The experiments are compared with the geometry and segmentation of the onshore part of the ... |
author2 |
Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Rifts et des marges passives (LGRMP) Le Mans Université (UM) Géosciences Rennes (GR) Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR) Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Callot, Jean-Paul Geoffroy, Laurent Brun, Jean-Pierre |
author_facet |
Callot, Jean-Paul Geoffroy, Laurent Brun, Jean-Pierre |
author_sort |
Callot, Jean-Paul |
title |
Development of volcanic passive margins: Three‐dimensional laboratory models |
title_short |
Development of volcanic passive margins: Three‐dimensional laboratory models |
title_full |
Development of volcanic passive margins: Three‐dimensional laboratory models |
title_fullStr |
Development of volcanic passive margins: Three‐dimensional laboratory models |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development of volcanic passive margins: Three‐dimensional laboratory models |
title_sort |
development of volcanic passive margins: three‐dimensional laboratory models |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-04617955 https://hal.science/hal-04617955/document https://hal.science/hal-04617955/file/2001CallotVolMar3D.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2001TC901019 |
genre |
Greenland |
genre_facet |
Greenland |
op_source |
ISSN: 0278-7407 EISSN: 1944-9194 Tectonics https://hal.science/hal-04617955 Tectonics, 2002, 21 (6), pp.2-1-2-13. ⟨10.1029/2001TC901019⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2001TC901019 hal-04617955 https://hal.science/hal-04617955 https://hal.science/hal-04617955/document https://hal.science/hal-04617955/file/2001CallotVolMar3D.pdf doi:10.1029/2001TC901019 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001TC901019 |
container_title |
Tectonics |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
6 |
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1810447698435768320 |
spelling |
ftinraparis:oai:HAL:hal-04617955v1 2024-09-15T18:10:06+00:00 Development of volcanic passive margins: Three‐dimensional laboratory models Callot, Jean-Paul Geoffroy, Laurent Brun, Jean-Pierre Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Rifts et des marges passives (LGRMP) Le Mans Université (UM) Géosciences Rennes (GR) Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR) Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 2002-11-20 https://hal.science/hal-04617955 https://hal.science/hal-04617955/document https://hal.science/hal-04617955/file/2001CallotVolMar3D.pdf https://doi.org/10.1029/2001TC901019 en eng HAL CCSD American Geophysical Union (AGU) info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1029/2001TC901019 hal-04617955 https://hal.science/hal-04617955 https://hal.science/hal-04617955/document https://hal.science/hal-04617955/file/2001CallotVolMar3D.pdf doi:10.1029/2001TC901019 info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0278-7407 EISSN: 1944-9194 Tectonics https://hal.science/hal-04617955 Tectonics, 2002, 21 (6), pp.2-1-2-13. ⟨10.1029/2001TC901019⟩ [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2002 ftinraparis https://doi.org/10.1029/2001TC901019 2024-06-25T14:39:31Z International audience Continental breakup above an anomalously hot mantle may lead to the development of volcanic margins. Volcanic margins are characterized by (1) thick seaward dipping lava flow sequences, (2) central intrusive complexes associated with dyke swarms parallel to the coast, and (3) high seismic velocity bodies in the lower crust attributable to magma underplating. A conceptual model for volcanic margins development has recently been proposed based on onshore studies of the Greenland margins and the British Tertiary Igneous Province. It is proposed that the long‐lived central intrusions are genetically linked to underlying persistent zones of mantle fusion. These localized melting domains (or soft spots), equivalent to small mantle diapirs, may locally soften the extending continental lithosphere. The low‐viscosity diapirs would (1) localize tectonic strain and (2) feed the volcanic margin with magma. Thus such soft spots can control the along‐strike magmatic and tectonic segmentation of volcanic margins. Recent geophysical investigations appear to show that the along‐strike structure of volcanic passive margins is compatible with such a segmentation process. Here we present a set of scaled experiments designed to study how such localized rheological heterogeneities in the sub‐Moho mantle may have a mechanical effect on continental breakup. Four‐layer models were constructed using sand and silicone putties to represent the brittle and ductile layers of both crust and mantle. The soft spots are simulated by low‐viscosity silicone putty emplaced within the brittle material. At the scale of the entire breakup zone, the soft spots display an oceanic‐type strength profile defining low‐strength zones where continental breakup is initiated. The rift orientation and segmentation are strongly controlled by the distribution of the low‐viscosity heterogeneities, rather than by the direction of regional extension. The experiments are compared with the geometry and segmentation of the onshore part of the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique: ProdINRA Tectonics 21 6 |