Planck intermediate results:

• Published in: Astronomy & Astrophysics
• Main Authors: Adam, R., Aghanim, N., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A., Barreiro, R., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Battye, R., Benabed, K., Bernard, J.-P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J.-F., Carron, J., Chiang, H., Colombo, L., Combet, C., Comis, B., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Davis, R., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Di Valentino, E., Dickinson, C., Diego, J., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Elsner, F., Ensslin, T., Eriksen, H., Falgarone, E., Fantaye, Y., Finelli, F., Forastieri, F., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A., Franceschi, E., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R., Gerbino, M., Ghosh, T., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J., Hansen, F., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hivon, E., Huang, Z., Ilić, S., Jaffe, A., Jones, W., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T., Knox, L., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J.-M., Langer, M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C., Le Jeune, M., Levrier, F., Lewis, A., Liguori, M., Lilje, P., López-Caniego, M., Ma, Y.-Z., Macías-Pérez, J., Maggio, G., Mangilli, A., Maris, M., Martin, P., Martínez-González, E., Matarrese, S., Mauri, N., Mcewen, J., Meinhold, P., Melchiorri, A., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Miville-Deschênes, M.-A., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Moss, A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Oxborrow, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Patanchon, G., Patrizii, L., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Plaszczynski, S., Polastri, L., Polenta, G., Puget, J.-L., Rachen, J., Racine, B., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renzi, A., Rocha, G., Rossetti, M., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J., Ruiz-Granados, B., Salvati, L., Sandri, M., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Sirri, G., Sunyaev, R., Suur-Uski, A.-S., Tauber, J., Tenti, M., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Trombetti, T., Valiviita, J., van Tent, F., Vielva, P., Villa, Francesca, Vittorio, N., Wandelt, B., Wehus, I., White, M., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A.
• Other Authors: Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 ), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales Paris (CNES), Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge UK (CAM), Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA / ISAS), University of the Western Cape (UWC), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales Paris (CNES), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay Orsay (LPT), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2016
• Subjects: polarization; cosmic background radiation; cosmic microwave backgrounds; intergalactic medium; astrophysical sources; optical depth; intermediate results; dark ages; reionization; first stars; asymmetric models; ionization fractions; polarization data; luminosity function; neutral hydrogen; star-forming galaxies; high-redshift galaxies; probe wmap observations; cosmic reionization; microwave background anisotropies; ly-alpha-emitters; [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]; South Pole; South pole
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-03534696; https://hal.science/hal-03534696/document; https://hal.science/hal-03534696/file/DOC.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628897

International audience © 2016 ESO.We investigate constraints on cosmic reionization extracted from the Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. We combine the Planck CMB anisotropy data in temperature with the low-multipole polarization data to fit ΛCDM models with various parameterizations of the reionization history. We obtain a Thomson optical depth τ = 0.058 ± 0.012 for the commonly adopted instantaneous reionization model. This confirms, with data solely from CMB anisotropies, the low value suggested by combining Planck 2015 results with other data sets, and also reduces the uncertainties. We reconstruct the history of the ionization fraction using either a symmetric or an asymmetric model for the transition between the neutral and ionized phases. To determine better constraints on the duration of the reionization process, we also make use of measurements of the amplitude of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (kSZ) effect using additional information from the high-resolution Atacama Cosmology Telescope and South Pole Telescope experiments. The average redshift at which reionization occurs is found to lie between z = 7.8 and 8.8, depending on the model of reionization adopted. Using kSZ constraints and a redshift-symmetric reionization model, we find an upper limit to the width of the reionization period of Δz < 2.8. In all cases, we find that the Universe is ionized at less than the 10% level at redshifts above z ≅ 10. This suggests that an early onset of reionization is strongly disfavoured by the Planck data. We show that this result also reduces the tension between CMB-based analyses and constraints from other astrophysical sources.