The Ocean Reanalyses Intercom parison Project (ORA - IP)

• Published in: Journal of Operational Oceanography
• Main Authors: Balmaseda, M. A., Hernandez, F., Storto, A., Palmer, M. D., Alves, O., Shi, L., Smith, G. C., Toyoda, T., Valdivieso, M., Barnier, B., Behringer, D., Boyer, T., Chang, Y-S., Chepurin, G. A., Ferry, N., Forget, G., Fujii, Y., Good, S., Guinehut, S., Haines, K., Ishikawa, Y., Keeley, S., Köhl, A., Lee, T., Martin, M., Masina, S., Masuda, S., Meyssignac, B., Mogensen, K., Parent, L., Peterson, K. A., Tang, Y. M., Yin, Y., Vernieres, G., Wang, X., Waters, J., Wedd, R., Wang, O., Xue, Y., Chevallier, M., Lemieux, J-F., Dupont, F., Kuragano, T., Kamachi, M., Awaji, T., Caltabiano, A., Wilmer - Becker, K., Gaillard, F.
• Other Authors: Balmaseda, M. A.; European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, United Kingdom, Hernandez, F.; nstitut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Toulouse, France Mercator Océan, Ramonville Saint - Agne, France, Storto, A.; Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, Bologna, Italy, Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Sez Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Palmer, M. D.; Met Office , Exeter, United Kingdom, Alves, O.; Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), Melbourne, Australia, Shi, L.; Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), Melbourne, Australia, Smith, G. C.; Environment Canada, Québec, Canada, Toyoda, T.; Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency (MRI/JMA), Tsukuba, Japan, Valdivieso, M.; University of Reading (U - Reading), Reading, United Kingdom, Barnier, B.; Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CN RS), Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l’Environnement (LGGE), Grenoble, France, Behringer, D.; C l imate Prediction Ce nter, NOAA/NWS/NCEP, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA, Boyer, T.; NOAA/NODC, College Park , Maryland, Chang, Y-S.; Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (GFDL/NOAA), Princeton, New Jer sey Department of Earth Science, Kongju National University, Kongju , South Korea, Chepurin, G. A.; epartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA, Ferry, N.; Mercator Océan, Ramonville Saint - Agne, France, Forget, G.; Program in Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Fujii, Y.; Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency (MRI/JMA), Tsukuba, Japan, Good, S.; Met Office , Exeter, United Kingdom, Guinehut, S.; Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville Sa i nt - Agne, France, Haines, K.; University of Reading (U - Reading), Reading, United Kingdom, Ishikawa, Y.; Center for Earth Information Science and Technology, Japan Agency of Marine - Earth Science and Technology (CEIST/JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Japan, Keeley, S.; European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, United Kingdom, Köhl, A.; Universit ä t Hamburg (U - Hamburg), Hamburg, Germany, Lee, T.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) , California Institute of Technolog y, Pasadena, California, Martin, M.; Met Office , Exeter, United Kingdom, Masina, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia, Masuda, S.; Research and Development Center for Global Change (RCGC), JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan, Meyssignac, B.; Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale’ (LEGOS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatia les (CNES) in Toulouse, France., Mogensen, K.; European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, United Kingdom, Parent, L.; Mercator Océan, Ramonville Saint - Agne, France, Peterson, K. A.; Met Office , Exeter, United Kingdom, Tang, Y. M.; European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, United Kingdom Met Office , Exeter, United Kingdom, Yin, Y.; Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), Melbourne, Australia, Vernieres, G.; Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (GSFC/NASA), Greenbelt, Maryland, Wang, X.; Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Waters, J.; Met Office , Exeter, United Kingdom, Wedd, R.; Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), Melbourne, Australia, Wang, O.; Universit ä t Hamburg (U - Hamburg), Hamburg, Germany, Xue, Y.; C l imate Prediction Ce nter, NOAA/NWS/NCEP, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA, Chevallier, M.; CNRM - GAME, Météo - France, CNRS UMR3589, Toulouse, France, Lemieux, J-F.; Environment Canada, Québec, Canada, Dupont, F.; Environment Canada, Québec, Canada, Kuragano, T.; Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency (MRI/JMA), Tsukuba, Japan, Kamachi, M.; Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency (MRI/JMA), Tsukuba, Japan, Awaji, T.; Center for Earth Information Science and Technology, Japan Agency of Marine - Earth Science and Technology (CEIST/JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Japan, Caltabiano, A.; I nternational CLIVAR Global Project Office, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, China., Wilmer - Becker, K.; GODAE OceanView Pro ject Office, Met Office , Exeter, United Kingdom, Gaillard, F.; Laboratoire de Physique des Océans (LPO/IFREMER), France, European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, United Kingdom
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2015
• Subjects: Global ocean–sea-ice modelling; Ocean model comparisons; DATA ASSIMILATION SCHEME; multi-analysis ensemble; Ocean climate; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysis; Ora; Southern Ocean; Arctic; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/9664; https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2015.1022329

Uncertainty in ocean analysis methods and deficiencies in the observing system are major obstacles for the reliable reconstruction of the past ocean climate. The variety of existing ocean reanalyses is exploited in a multi-reanalysis ensemble to improve the ocean state estimation and to gauge uncertainty levels. The ensemble-based analysis of signal-to-noise ratio allows the identification of ocean characteristics for which the estimation is robust (such as tropical mixed-layer-depth,upper ocean heat content), and where large uncertainty exists (deep ocean, Southern Ocean, sea-ice thickness, salinity), providing guidance for future enhancement of the observing and data assimilation systems. This work has been partially funded by the European Commission funded projects MyOcean, MyOcean2 and COMBINE; by the GEMINA project-funded bythe Italian Ministry for Environment; by the NERC-funded VALOR project; by the NERC-funded NCEO program; by the Research Program on Climate Change adaptation of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese government; by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101); by NASA’s Modeling Analysis and Prediction Program under WBS 802678.02.17.01.25 and by the NASA Physical Oceanography Program; by the NOAA's Climate Observation Division (COD); by the LEFE/GMMC French national program. Published s80-s97 4A. Clima e Oceani JCR Journal open