Ice and Bedrock Characteristics Underneath Dome C (Antarctica) From Radio Echo Sounding Data Analysis

The Radio Echo Sounding (RES) system is one of the most widely used active remote sensing techniques for polar ice sheet exploration, including bedrock morphology studies and subglacial lake investigations. Recently, bedrock characterization has been improved through the analysis of radar echo stren...

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Published in:IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Main Authors: Zirizzotti, A., Cafarella, L., Urbini, S.
Other Authors: Zirizzotti, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia, Cafarella, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia, Urbini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2011
Subjects:
RES systems
ice absorption
bedrock reflectivity
internal ice layers
02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.10. Instruments and techniques
02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.99. General or miscellaneous
Annals of Glaciology
Antarc*
Antarctic Science
Antarctica
EPICA
ice core
Ice Sheet
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7273
https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2160551
id ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/7273
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia)
op_collection_id ftingv
language English
topic RES systems
ice absorption
bedrock reflectivity
internal ice layers
02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.10. Instruments and techniques
02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.99. General or miscellaneous
spellingShingle RES systems
ice absorption
bedrock reflectivity
internal ice layers
02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.10. Instruments and techniques
02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.99. General or miscellaneous
Zirizzotti, A.
Cafarella, L.
Urbini, S.
Ice and Bedrock Characteristics Underneath Dome C (Antarctica) From Radio Echo Sounding Data Analysis
topic_facet RES systems
ice absorption
bedrock reflectivity
internal ice layers
02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.10. Instruments and techniques
02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.99. General or miscellaneous
description The Radio Echo Sounding (RES) system is one of the most widely used active remote sensing techniques for polar ice sheet exploration, including bedrock morphology studies and subglacial lake investigations. Recently, bedrock characterization has been improved through the analysis of radar echo strength. The analysis of the RES signal amplitude has been used to highlight areas of high reflectivity variation, attributable to wet ice-bedrock interfaces. In a previous paper the authors described a method to distinguish a wet or dry bedrock-ice interface by analyzing RES data and introducing a linear model for internal ice absorption. In the following paper this subject is reconsidered in greater depth, taking into account important aspects not considered in the previous paper. In particular, a comparison between the ice absorption rate from RES measurements and from EPICA ice core conductivity data was proposed. Moreover, the signal amplitude contributions of internal ice layers and different kinds of rock interface were evaluated. Encouraged by these results, further data analysis produced a new version of the bedrock reflectivity variation map of the Dome C area. The map confirms a wide dispersion of wet/dry rock interfaces in the area studied, indicating the possibility of flowing water along both sides of the Concordia Trench. Published 1-7 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente JCR Journal open
author2 Zirizzotti, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia
Cafarella, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia
Urbini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Zirizzotti, A.
Cafarella, L.
Urbini, S.
author_facet Zirizzotti, A.
Cafarella, L.
Urbini, S.
author_sort Zirizzotti, A.
title Ice and Bedrock Characteristics Underneath Dome C (Antarctica) From Radio Echo Sounding Data Analysis
title_short Ice and Bedrock Characteristics Underneath Dome C (Antarctica) From Radio Echo Sounding Data Analysis
title_full Ice and Bedrock Characteristics Underneath Dome C (Antarctica) From Radio Echo Sounding Data Analysis
title_fullStr Ice and Bedrock Characteristics Underneath Dome C (Antarctica) From Radio Echo Sounding Data Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Ice and Bedrock Characteristics Underneath Dome C (Antarctica) From Radio Echo Sounding Data Analysis
title_sort ice and bedrock characteristics underneath dome c (antarctica) from radio echo sounding data analysis
publisher IEEE
publishDate 2011
url http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7273
https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2160551
genre Annals of Glaciology
Antarc*
Antarctic Science
Antarctica
EPICA
ice core
Ice Sheet
genre_facet Annals of Glaciology
Antarc*
Antarctic Science
Antarctica
EPICA
ice core
Ice Sheet
op_relation IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
12 Part:1/49 (2011)
1. R. E. Bell, M. Studinger, C.A. Shuman, M.A. Fahnestock, and I. Joughin , ―Large subglacial lakes in East Antarctica at the onset of fast-flowing ice streams‖, Nature, 445, 904-907, 2007. 2. C. Bianchi, U. Sciacca, A. Zirizzotti, E. Zuccheretti, and J.A. Baskaradas, ―Signal Processing techniques for phase-coded HF-VHF radars‖, Annals of Geophysics, 46(4), 697-705, 2003. 3. V.V. Bogorodsky, C.R. Bentley, and P.E. Gudmandsen, Radioglaciology, pp.272, Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, 1985. 4. S.P. Carter, D.D. Blankenship, M.E. Peters, D.A. Young, J.W. Holt, and D.L. Morse , ―Radar-based subglacial lake classification in Antarctica‖, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 8(3), doi:10.1029/ 2006GC001408, 2007. 5. S.P. Carter, D.D. Blankenship, D.A. Young, J.W. Holt, ―Using radar-sounding data to identify the distribution and sources of subglacial water: application to Domme C, East Antarctica‖, J. Glaciology, 55, 194, 2009. 6. P. Cianfarra, A. Forieri, F. Salvini, I.E. Tabacco, and A. Zirizzotti, ―Geological settings of the Concordia Trench-Lake system in East Anatrctica‖, Geophys. J. Int.,177, 1305-1314, 2009. 7. G.K.C. Clark, ―Ice-sheet plumbing in Antarctica‖, Nature, 440, 1000-1001, 2006. 8. H. Corr, J.C. Moore, and K.W. Nicholls, ―Radar absorption due to impurities in Antarctic ice,‖ Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 1071– 319 1074, 1993. 9. O. Eisen, F. Wilhelms, D. Seinhage, and J. Schander, ―Improved method to determine radio-echo sounding reflector depths from ice-core profiles of permittivity and conductivity‖, J. Glaciology, 52( 177), 299-310, 2006. 10. EPICA community members, ―Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core‖, Nature, 429, 623-628, 2004. 11. A. Forieri, L. Zuccoli, A. Bini, A. Zirizzotti, F. Remy, and I.E. Tabacco, ―New bedrock map of Dome C, Antarctica, and morphostructural interpretation of the area‖, Ann. of Glaciology, 29, 321-325, 2004. 12. Fujita, S. and S. Mae. ―Causes and nature of ice-sheet radioecho internal reflections estimated from the dielectric properties of ice.‖ Ann. Glaciol., 20, 80–86, 1994. 13. S. Fujita, T. Matsuoka, T. Ishida, K. Matsuoka, and S. Mae, ―A summary of the complex dielectric permittivity of ice in the megahertz range and its applications for radar sounding of polar ice sheets‖, Physics of Ice Core Records, International Symposium on Physics of Ice Core Records. Shikotsukohan, Hokkaido, Japan, September 14-17, 1998, 185-212, 2000. 14. M.R. Gorman, and M.J. Siegert, ―Penetration of Antarctic subglacial lakes by VHF electromagnetic pulses: information on depth electrical conductivity of basal water bodies‖, J. Geophys. Res., 104(BB12), 29311-29320, 1999. 15. L. Gray, I. Joughin, S. Tulacyk, V.B. Spikes, R. Bindschdler, K. Jezek, ―Evidence for suglacial water transport in the west Antarctic Ice Sheet through three dimensional satellite radar interferometry‖, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03501, doi:10.1029/2004GL021387, 2005 16. R. W. Jacobel, B.C. Welch, D. Osterhouse, R. Pettersson, J. A. Macgregor, ―Spatial variation of radar-derived basal conditions on Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctica‖, Annals of Glaciology, 50(51), 10-16, 2009. 17. J. Kahler, ―Lubricating lakes‖, Nature, 445, 830-831, 2007. 18. J.A. MacGregor, D.P. Winebrenner, H. Conway, K. Matsuoka, P.A. Mayewski, and G.D. Clow, ―Modeling englacial radar attenuation at Simple Dome, West Antarctica, using ice chemistry and temperature data‖, J. Geophys. Res., 112, F03008, doi:10.1029/2006JF000717, 2007. 19. G.K.A. Oswald, Gogineni,S, ―Recovery of subglacial water extent from Greenland radar survey data‖, J. Glaciology, v.54,No.184, 94-106, 2008. 20. J.D. Paden, C.T. Allen, S. Gogineni, K.C. Jezek, D. Dahl-Jensen, and L.B. Larsen, ―Wideband measurements of ice sheet attenuation and basal scattering‖, Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters IEEE, 2(2), 164-168, 2005. 21. F. Pattyn, C. Delcourt, D. Samyn, B. De Smedt, M. Nolan, ―Bed properties and hydrological conditions underneath McCall Glacier, Alaska, USA‖, Annals of Glaciology, 50, 80-84, 2009. 22. M.E. Peters, D.D. Blankenship, and D.L. Morse, ―Analysis techniques for coherent airborne radar sounding: Application to West Antarctic ice streams‖, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B06303, doi:10.1029/2004JB003222, 2005. 23. M.E. Peters, D.D. Blankenship, S.P. Carter, S.D. Kempf, D.A. Young, J.W. Holt, ―Along-Track Focusing of Airborne Radar Sounding Data From West Antarctica for Improving Basal Reflection Analysis and Layer Detection‖, Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, 2725 – 2736 9 doi:10.1109/TGRS.2007.897416, 2007. 24. L.A. Plewes, and B. Hubbard, ―A review of the use of radio-echo sounding in glaciology‖, Progress in Physical Geography, 25, 2, 203-236, 2001. 25. J.C. Priscu, R. E. Bell, S. A. Bulat, C. J. Ellis-Evans, M. C. Kennicutt, V.V. Lukin, J.-R. Petit, R.D. Powell, M. J. Siegert, I. Tabacco, ―An International plan for Antarctic subglacial lake exploration‖, Polar Geogrphy, 27, 69-83, 2003. 26. J.C. Priscu, M.C. Kennicutt, R. E. Bell, S. A. Bulst, J. C. Ellis-Evans, V.V. Lukin, J.R. Petit, R.D. Powell, M.J. Siegert, I. Tabacco., ―Exploring subglacial Antarctic lake environment‖, EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 86, 193-197, 2005. 27. C.F. Raymond, G.A. Catania, N. Nereson and C.J.Van der Veen, ―Bed radar reflectivity across the north margin of Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica, and implications for margin processes‖, J. of Glaciology, 52, 176, 3-10, 2006. 28. F. Remy, and I.E. Tabacco, ―Bedrock features and ice flow near the EPICA ice core site (Dome C, Antarctica)‖, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(3), 405-409, 2000. 29. F. Rèmy, L. Testut, B. Legresy, A. Forieri, C. Bianchi and I.E. Tabacco, ―Lakes and subglacial hydrological networks around Dome C, East Antarctica‖, Annals of Glaciology, 37: 252-256, 2003. 30. R.L. Shreve, ―Movement of water in glaciers‖, J. Glaciol., 21, 205-214, 1972. 31. M. Skolnik, (Ed), Radar Handbook, pp. 1328, McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, 2nd ed., New York, 1990. 32. M. J. Siegert , R.D. Eyers and I.E. Tabacco, ―Three-dimensional ice sheet structure at Dome C, central East Antarctica: implications for the interpretation of the EPICA ice core‖, Antarctic Science, 13, pp 182-187 (2001) doi:10.1017/S095410200100027X 33. M. J. Siegert,, S. Carter, I. Tabacco, S. Popov, and D. D. Blankenship, ―A revised inventory of Antarctic subglacial lakes‖, Antarctic Science, 17, 3, 453-460, 2005. 34. M.J. Siegert, , ―Lakes beneath the ice sheet: the occurrence, analysis, and future exploration of lake Vostok and other Antarctic subglacial lakes‖, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 33, 215-245, 2005. 35. I.E. Tabacco, A. Passerini, F. Corbelli, and M. Gorman, ―Determination of the surface and bed topography at Dome C, East Antarctica‖, J. Glaciol., 44(146), 185-191, 1998. 36. I.E. Tabacco, P. Cianfarra, A. Forieri, F. Salvini, and A. Zirizzotti, ―Physiography and tectonic setting of the subglacial lake district between Vostok and Belgica subglacial highlands (Antarctica)‖, Geophys. J. Int., 165, 1029-1040, 2006. 37. D.J. Wingham, M.J. Siegert, A. Shepard and A.S. Muir, ―Rapid discharge connects Antarctic subglacial lakes‖, Nature, 440, doi:10.1038/nature04660, 2006. 38. E. Wolff, et al. 2004. EPICA Dome C Core EDC99 Dielectric Profiling Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2004-037. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA.Zirizzotti, J.A. Baskaradas, C. Bianchi, U. Sciacca, I.E. Tabacco, E. Zuccheretti, ―Glacio Radar system and results‖, Radar Conference, 2008. RADAR ‘08. IEEE, 1-3, 26, doi:10.1109/RADAR.2008.472099, 2008. 39. A. Zirizzotti, J.A. Baskaradas, C. Bianchi, U. Sciacca, I.E. Tabacco, E. Zuccheretti, ―Glacio Radar system and results‖, Radar Conference, 2008. RADAR ‗08. IEEE, 1-3, 26, doi:10.1109/RADAR.2008.472099, 2008. 40. A. Zirizzotti, L. Cafarella, J.A. Baskaradas, I.E. Tabacco, S. Urbini, M. Mangialetti, C. Bianchi, ―Dry-wet bedrock interface detection by radio echo sounding measurements‖, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, volume 48, issue 5, 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2038900, 2010.
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spelling ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/7273 2023-05-15T13:29:50+02:00 Ice and Bedrock Characteristics Underneath Dome C (Antarctica) From Radio Echo Sounding Data Analysis Zirizzotti, A. Cafarella, L. Urbini, S. Zirizzotti, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Cafarella, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Urbini, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia 2011-08 http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7273 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2160551 en eng IEEE IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 12 Part:1/49 (2011) 1. R. E. Bell, M. Studinger, C.A. Shuman, M.A. Fahnestock, and I. Joughin , ―Large subglacial lakes in East Antarctica at the onset of fast-flowing ice streams‖, Nature, 445, 904-907, 2007. 2. C. Bianchi, U. Sciacca, A. Zirizzotti, E. Zuccheretti, and J.A. Baskaradas, ―Signal Processing techniques for phase-coded HF-VHF radars‖, Annals of Geophysics, 46(4), 697-705, 2003. 3. V.V. Bogorodsky, C.R. Bentley, and P.E. Gudmandsen, Radioglaciology, pp.272, Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland, 1985. 4. S.P. Carter, D.D. Blankenship, M.E. Peters, D.A. Young, J.W. Holt, and D.L. Morse , ―Radar-based subglacial lake classification in Antarctica‖, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 8(3), doi:10.1029/ 2006GC001408, 2007. 5. S.P. Carter, D.D. Blankenship, D.A. Young, J.W. Holt, ―Using radar-sounding data to identify the distribution and sources of subglacial water: application to Domme C, East Antarctica‖, J. Glaciology, 55, 194, 2009. 6. P. Cianfarra, A. Forieri, F. Salvini, I.E. Tabacco, and A. Zirizzotti, ―Geological settings of the Concordia Trench-Lake system in East Anatrctica‖, Geophys. J. Int.,177, 1305-1314, 2009. 7. G.K.C. Clark, ―Ice-sheet plumbing in Antarctica‖, Nature, 440, 1000-1001, 2006. 8. H. Corr, J.C. Moore, and K.W. Nicholls, ―Radar absorption due to impurities in Antarctic ice,‖ Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 1071– 319 1074, 1993. 9. O. Eisen, F. Wilhelms, D. Seinhage, and J. Schander, ―Improved method to determine radio-echo sounding reflector depths from ice-core profiles of permittivity and conductivity‖, J. Glaciology, 52( 177), 299-310, 2006. 10. EPICA community members, ―Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core‖, Nature, 429, 623-628, 2004. 11. A. Forieri, L. Zuccoli, A. Bini, A. Zirizzotti, F. Remy, and I.E. Tabacco, ―New bedrock map of Dome C, Antarctica, and morphostructural interpretation of the area‖, Ann. of Glaciology, 29, 321-325, 2004. 12. Fujita, S. and S. Mae. ―Causes and nature of ice-sheet radioecho internal reflections estimated from the dielectric properties of ice.‖ Ann. Glaciol., 20, 80–86, 1994. 13. S. Fujita, T. Matsuoka, T. Ishida, K. Matsuoka, and S. Mae, ―A summary of the complex dielectric permittivity of ice in the megahertz range and its applications for radar sounding of polar ice sheets‖, Physics of Ice Core Records, International Symposium on Physics of Ice Core Records. Shikotsukohan, Hokkaido, Japan, September 14-17, 1998, 185-212, 2000. 14. M.R. Gorman, and M.J. Siegert, ―Penetration of Antarctic subglacial lakes by VHF electromagnetic pulses: information on depth electrical conductivity of basal water bodies‖, J. Geophys. Res., 104(BB12), 29311-29320, 1999. 15. L. Gray, I. Joughin, S. Tulacyk, V.B. Spikes, R. Bindschdler, K. Jezek, ―Evidence for suglacial water transport in the west Antarctic Ice Sheet through three dimensional satellite radar interferometry‖, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03501, doi:10.1029/2004GL021387, 2005 16. R. W. Jacobel, B.C. Welch, D. Osterhouse, R. Pettersson, J. A. Macgregor, ―Spatial variation of radar-derived basal conditions on Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctica‖, Annals of Glaciology, 50(51), 10-16, 2009. 17. J. Kahler, ―Lubricating lakes‖, Nature, 445, 830-831, 2007. 18. J.A. MacGregor, D.P. Winebrenner, H. Conway, K. Matsuoka, P.A. Mayewski, and G.D. Clow, ―Modeling englacial radar attenuation at Simple Dome, West Antarctica, using ice chemistry and temperature data‖, J. Geophys. Res., 112, F03008, doi:10.1029/2006JF000717, 2007. 19. G.K.A. Oswald, Gogineni,S, ―Recovery of subglacial water extent from Greenland radar survey data‖, J. Glaciology, v.54,No.184, 94-106, 2008. 20. J.D. Paden, C.T. Allen, S. Gogineni, K.C. Jezek, D. Dahl-Jensen, and L.B. Larsen, ―Wideband measurements of ice sheet attenuation and basal scattering‖, Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters IEEE, 2(2), 164-168, 2005. 21. F. Pattyn, C. Delcourt, D. Samyn, B. De Smedt, M. Nolan, ―Bed properties and hydrological conditions underneath McCall Glacier, Alaska, USA‖, Annals of Glaciology, 50, 80-84, 2009. 22. M.E. Peters, D.D. Blankenship, and D.L. Morse, ―Analysis techniques for coherent airborne radar sounding: Application to West Antarctic ice streams‖, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B06303, doi:10.1029/2004JB003222, 2005. 23. M.E. Peters, D.D. Blankenship, S.P. Carter, S.D. Kempf, D.A. Young, J.W. Holt, ―Along-Track Focusing of Airborne Radar Sounding Data From West Antarctica for Improving Basal Reflection Analysis and Layer Detection‖, Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, 2725 – 2736 9 doi:10.1109/TGRS.2007.897416, 2007. 24. L.A. Plewes, and B. Hubbard, ―A review of the use of radio-echo sounding in glaciology‖, Progress in Physical Geography, 25, 2, 203-236, 2001. 25. J.C. Priscu, R. E. Bell, S. A. Bulat, C. J. Ellis-Evans, M. C. Kennicutt, V.V. Lukin, J.-R. Petit, R.D. Powell, M. J. Siegert, I. Tabacco, ―An International plan for Antarctic subglacial lake exploration‖, Polar Geogrphy, 27, 69-83, 2003. 26. J.C. Priscu, M.C. Kennicutt, R. E. Bell, S. A. Bulst, J. C. Ellis-Evans, V.V. Lukin, J.R. Petit, R.D. Powell, M.J. Siegert, I. Tabacco., ―Exploring subglacial Antarctic lake environment‖, EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 86, 193-197, 2005. 27. C.F. Raymond, G.A. Catania, N. Nereson and C.J.Van der Veen, ―Bed radar reflectivity across the north margin of Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica, and implications for margin processes‖, J. of Glaciology, 52, 176, 3-10, 2006. 28. F. Remy, and I.E. Tabacco, ―Bedrock features and ice flow near the EPICA ice core site (Dome C, Antarctica)‖, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(3), 405-409, 2000. 29. F. Rèmy, L. Testut, B. Legresy, A. Forieri, C. Bianchi and I.E. Tabacco, ―Lakes and subglacial hydrological networks around Dome C, East Antarctica‖, Annals of Glaciology, 37: 252-256, 2003. 30. R.L. Shreve, ―Movement of water in glaciers‖, J. Glaciol., 21, 205-214, 1972. 31. M. Skolnik, (Ed), Radar Handbook, pp. 1328, McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, 2nd ed., New York, 1990. 32. M. J. Siegert , R.D. Eyers and I.E. Tabacco, ―Three-dimensional ice sheet structure at Dome C, central East Antarctica: implications for the interpretation of the EPICA ice core‖, Antarctic Science, 13, pp 182-187 (2001) doi:10.1017/S095410200100027X 33. M. J. Siegert,, S. Carter, I. Tabacco, S. Popov, and D. D. Blankenship, ―A revised inventory of Antarctic subglacial lakes‖, Antarctic Science, 17, 3, 453-460, 2005. 34. M.J. Siegert, , ―Lakes beneath the ice sheet: the occurrence, analysis, and future exploration of lake Vostok and other Antarctic subglacial lakes‖, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 33, 215-245, 2005. 35. I.E. Tabacco, A. Passerini, F. Corbelli, and M. Gorman, ―Determination of the surface and bed topography at Dome C, East Antarctica‖, J. Glaciol., 44(146), 185-191, 1998. 36. I.E. Tabacco, P. Cianfarra, A. Forieri, F. Salvini, and A. Zirizzotti, ―Physiography and tectonic setting of the subglacial lake district between Vostok and Belgica subglacial highlands (Antarctica)‖, Geophys. J. Int., 165, 1029-1040, 2006. 37. D.J. Wingham, M.J. Siegert, A. Shepard and A.S. Muir, ―Rapid discharge connects Antarctic subglacial lakes‖, Nature, 440, doi:10.1038/nature04660, 2006. 38. E. Wolff, et al. 2004. EPICA Dome C Core EDC99 Dielectric Profiling Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2004-037. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA.Zirizzotti, J.A. Baskaradas, C. Bianchi, U. Sciacca, I.E. Tabacco, E. Zuccheretti, ―Glacio Radar system and results‖, Radar Conference, 2008. RADAR ‘08. IEEE, 1-3, 26, doi:10.1109/RADAR.2008.472099, 2008. 39. A. Zirizzotti, J.A. Baskaradas, C. Bianchi, U. Sciacca, I.E. Tabacco, E. Zuccheretti, ―Glacio Radar system and results‖, Radar Conference, 2008. RADAR ‗08. IEEE, 1-3, 26, doi:10.1109/RADAR.2008.472099, 2008. 40. A. Zirizzotti, L. Cafarella, J.A. Baskaradas, I.E. Tabacco, S. Urbini, M. Mangialetti, C. Bianchi, ―Dry-wet bedrock interface detection by radio echo sounding measurements‖, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, volume 48, issue 5, 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2038900, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/7273 doi:10.1109/TGRS.2011.2160551 open RES systems ice absorption bedrock reflectivity internal ice layers 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.10. Instruments and techniques 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.99. General or miscellaneous article 2011 ftingv https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2011.2160551 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021387 2022-07-29T06:06:03Z The Radio Echo Sounding (RES) system is one of the most widely used active remote sensing techniques for polar ice sheet exploration, including bedrock morphology studies and subglacial lake investigations. Recently, bedrock characterization has been improved through the analysis of radar echo strength. The analysis of the RES signal amplitude has been used to highlight areas of high reflectivity variation, attributable to wet ice-bedrock interfaces. In a previous paper the authors described a method to distinguish a wet or dry bedrock-ice interface by analyzing RES data and introducing a linear model for internal ice absorption. In the following paper this subject is reconsidered in greater depth, taking into account important aspects not considered in the previous paper. In particular, a comparison between the ice absorption rate from RES measurements and from EPICA ice core conductivity data was proposed. Moreover, the signal amplitude contributions of internal ice layers and different kinds of rock interface were evaluated. Encouraged by these results, further data analysis produced a new version of the bedrock reflectivity variation map of the Dome C area. The map confirms a wide dispersion of wet/dry rock interfaces in the area studied, indicating the possibility of flowing water along both sides of the Concordia Trench. Published 1-7 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente JCR Journal open Article in Journal/Newspaper Annals of Glaciology Antarc* Antarctic Science Antarctica EPICA ice core Ice Sheet Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 50 1 37 43

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