On the corrections of ERA-40 surface flux products consistent with the Mediterranean heat and water budgets and the connection between basin surface total heat flux and NAO
This is a study of heat fluxes and heat budget of the Mediterranean Sea using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 45 year reanalysis data set ERA-40. The simple use of the ERA-40 surface flux components fails to close the budget and, in particular, the shortwave radiation flu...
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ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/5701 2023-05-15T17:35:38+02:00 On the corrections of ERA-40 surface flux products consistent with the Mediterranean heat and water budgets and the connection between basin surface total heat flux and NAO Pettenuzzo, D. Large, W.G. Pinardi, N. Pettenuzzo, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia Large, W.G.; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado Pinardi, N.; Bologna University, Corso di Scienze Ambientali, Ravenna, Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado Bologna University, Corso di Scienze Ambientali, Ravenna, Italy 2009 http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5701 en eng JGR http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5701 open heat fluxes basin surface 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles manuscript 2009 ftingv 2022-07-29T06:05:31Z This is a study of heat fluxes and heat budget of the Mediterranean Sea using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 45 year reanalysis data set ERA-40. The simple use of the ERA-40 surface flux components fails to close the budget and, in particular, the shortwave radiation flux is found to be underestimated with respect to observed data by about 10%. The heat flux terms are recomputed and corrected in order to close the heat and freshwater budgets of the Mediterranean basin over the period 1958 to 2001, thus producing a corrected ERA-40 surface flux data set. Various satellite and in situ observational data are used to construct spatially varying corrections to the ERA-40 products needed to compute the air-sea fluxes. The corrected interannual and climatological net surface heat and freshwater fluxes are and , respectively, which are regarded as satisfactorily closing the Mediterranean heat and water budgets. It is also argued that there is an important contribution from large heat losses associated with a few severe winters over the Mediterranean Sea. This is shown to be related to wind regime anomalies, which strongly affect the latent heat of evaporation that is the main responsible for the interannual modulation of the total heat flux. Furthermore, the surface total heat flux anomaly time series is compared with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and the result is a positive correlation with ocean warming for positive NAO index and cooling associated to negative index periods. Submitted 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale JCR Journal open Manuscript North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) |
op_collection_id |
ftingv |
language |
English |
topic |
heat fluxes basin surface 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles |
spellingShingle |
heat fluxes basin surface 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles Pettenuzzo, D. Large, W.G. Pinardi, N. On the corrections of ERA-40 surface flux products consistent with the Mediterranean heat and water budgets and the connection between basin surface total heat flux and NAO |
topic_facet |
heat fluxes basin surface 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles |
description |
This is a study of heat fluxes and heat budget of the Mediterranean Sea using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 45 year reanalysis data set ERA-40. The simple use of the ERA-40 surface flux components fails to close the budget and, in particular, the shortwave radiation flux is found to be underestimated with respect to observed data by about 10%. The heat flux terms are recomputed and corrected in order to close the heat and freshwater budgets of the Mediterranean basin over the period 1958 to 2001, thus producing a corrected ERA-40 surface flux data set. Various satellite and in situ observational data are used to construct spatially varying corrections to the ERA-40 products needed to compute the air-sea fluxes. The corrected interannual and climatological net surface heat and freshwater fluxes are and , respectively, which are regarded as satisfactorily closing the Mediterranean heat and water budgets. It is also argued that there is an important contribution from large heat losses associated with a few severe winters over the Mediterranean Sea. This is shown to be related to wind regime anomalies, which strongly affect the latent heat of evaporation that is the main responsible for the interannual modulation of the total heat flux. Furthermore, the surface total heat flux anomaly time series is compared with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and the result is a positive correlation with ocean warming for positive NAO index and cooling associated to negative index periods. Submitted 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale JCR Journal open |
author2 |
Pettenuzzo, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia Large, W.G.; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado Pinardi, N.; Bologna University, Corso di Scienze Ambientali, Ravenna, Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado Bologna University, Corso di Scienze Ambientali, Ravenna, Italy |
format |
Manuscript |
author |
Pettenuzzo, D. Large, W.G. Pinardi, N. |
author_facet |
Pettenuzzo, D. Large, W.G. Pinardi, N. |
author_sort |
Pettenuzzo, D. |
title |
On the corrections of ERA-40 surface flux products consistent with the Mediterranean heat and water budgets and the connection between basin surface total heat flux and NAO |
title_short |
On the corrections of ERA-40 surface flux products consistent with the Mediterranean heat and water budgets and the connection between basin surface total heat flux and NAO |
title_full |
On the corrections of ERA-40 surface flux products consistent with the Mediterranean heat and water budgets and the connection between basin surface total heat flux and NAO |
title_fullStr |
On the corrections of ERA-40 surface flux products consistent with the Mediterranean heat and water budgets and the connection between basin surface total heat flux and NAO |
title_full_unstemmed |
On the corrections of ERA-40 surface flux products consistent with the Mediterranean heat and water budgets and the connection between basin surface total heat flux and NAO |
title_sort |
on the corrections of era-40 surface flux products consistent with the mediterranean heat and water budgets and the connection between basin surface total heat flux and nao |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5701 |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_relation |
JGR http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5701 |
op_rights |
open |
_version_ |
1766134846844829696 |