Measurements of low amounts of precipitable water vapor by millimeter wave spectroscopy: An intercomparison with radiosonde, Raman lidar, and Fourier transform infrared data
Observations of very low amounts of precipitable water vapor (PWV) by means of the Ground-Based Millimeter wave Spectrometer (GBMS) are discussed. Low amounts of column water vapor (between 0.5 and 4 mm) are typical of high mountain sites and polar regions, especially during winter, and are difficul...
| Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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American Geophysical Union
2008
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4000 http://www.agu.org/journals/jd/jd0814/2008JD009831/ https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009831 |
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Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) |
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| language |
English |
| topic |
millimeter wave spectroscopy column water vapor 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure |
| spellingShingle |
millimeter wave spectroscopy column water vapor 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure Fiorucci, I. Muscari, G. Bianchi, C. Di Girolamo, P. Esposito, F. Grieco, G. Summa, D. Bianchini, G. Palchetti, L. Cacciani, M. Di Iorio, T. Pavese, G. Cimini, D. de Zafra, R. Measurements of low amounts of precipitable water vapor by millimeter wave spectroscopy: An intercomparison with radiosonde, Raman lidar, and Fourier transform infrared data |
| topic_facet |
millimeter wave spectroscopy column water vapor 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure |
| description |
Observations of very low amounts of precipitable water vapor (PWV) by means of the Ground-Based Millimeter wave Spectrometer (GBMS) are discussed. Low amounts of column water vapor (between 0.5 and 4 mm) are typical of high mountain sites and polar regions, especially during winter, and are difficult to measure accurately because of the lack of sensitivity of conventional instruments to such low PWV contents. The technique used involves the measurement of atmospheric opacity in the range between 230 and 280 GHz with a spectral resolution of 4 GHz, followed by the conversion to precipitable water vapor using a linear relationship. We present the intercomparison of this data set with simultaneous PWV observations obtained with Vaisala RS92k radiosondes, a Raman lidar, and an IR Fourier transform spectrometer. These sets of measurements were carried out during the primary field campaign of the Earth Cooling by Water vapor Radiation (ECOWAR) project which took place at Breuil-Cervinia (45.9N, 7.6E, elevation 1990 m) and Plateau Rosa (45.9N, 7.7E, elevation 3490 m), Italy, from 3 to 16 March 2007. GBMS PWV measurements show a good agreement with the other three data sets exhibiting a mean difference between observations of 9%. The considerable number of data points available for the GBMS versus lidar PWV correlation allows an additional analysis which indicates negligible systematic differences between the two data sets. Published D14314 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale JCR Journal reserved |
| author2 |
Fiorucci, I.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Muscari, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Bianchi, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Di Girolamo, P.; Università della Basilicata Esposito, F.; Università della Basilicata Grieco, G.; Università della Basilicata Summa, D.; Università della Basilicata Bianchini, G.; Istituto di Fisica Applicata, CNR Palchetti, L.; Istituto di Fisica Applicata, CNR Cacciani, M.; Università di Roma "La Sapienza" Di Iorio, T.; Università di Roma "La Sapienza" Pavese, G.; Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale, CNR Cimini, D.; Università di L'Aquila de Zafra, R.; State University of New York at Stony Brook Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Università della Basilicata Istituto di Fisica Applicata, CNR Università di Roma "La Sapienza" Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale, CNR Università di L'Aquila State University of New York at Stony Brook |
| format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
| author |
Fiorucci, I. Muscari, G. Bianchi, C. Di Girolamo, P. Esposito, F. Grieco, G. Summa, D. Bianchini, G. Palchetti, L. Cacciani, M. Di Iorio, T. Pavese, G. Cimini, D. de Zafra, R. |
| author_facet |
Fiorucci, I. Muscari, G. Bianchi, C. Di Girolamo, P. Esposito, F. Grieco, G. Summa, D. Bianchini, G. Palchetti, L. Cacciani, M. Di Iorio, T. Pavese, G. Cimini, D. de Zafra, R. |
| author_sort |
Fiorucci, I. |
| title |
Measurements of low amounts of precipitable water vapor by millimeter wave spectroscopy: An intercomparison with radiosonde, Raman lidar, and Fourier transform infrared data |
| title_short |
Measurements of low amounts of precipitable water vapor by millimeter wave spectroscopy: An intercomparison with radiosonde, Raman lidar, and Fourier transform infrared data |
| title_full |
Measurements of low amounts of precipitable water vapor by millimeter wave spectroscopy: An intercomparison with radiosonde, Raman lidar, and Fourier transform infrared data |
| title_fullStr |
Measurements of low amounts of precipitable water vapor by millimeter wave spectroscopy: An intercomparison with radiosonde, Raman lidar, and Fourier transform infrared data |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Measurements of low amounts of precipitable water vapor by millimeter wave spectroscopy: An intercomparison with radiosonde, Raman lidar, and Fourier transform infrared data |
| title_sort |
measurements of low amounts of precipitable water vapor by millimeter wave spectroscopy: an intercomparison with radiosonde, raman lidar, and fourier transform infrared data |
| publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
| publishDate |
2008 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4000 http://www.agu.org/journals/jd/jd0814/2008JD009831/ https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009831 |
| genre |
Arctic |
| genre_facet |
Arctic |
| op_relation |
Journal of Geophysical Research / 113 (2008) Bhawar, R., et al. (2008), Spectrally resolved observations of atmospheric emitted radiance in the H2O rotation band, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L04812, doi:10.1029/2007GL032207. Bianchini, G., L. Palchetti, and B. Carli (2006), A wide-band nadir-sounding spectroradiometer for the characterization of the Earth’s outgoing long-wave radiation, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 6361, 63610A. Bianchini, G., L. Palchetti, and A. Baglioni (2007), Far infrared spectrally resolved broadband emission of the atmosphere from Monte Morello and Monte Gomito near Florence, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 6745, 6745– 6761. Buehler, S. A., P. Eriksson, T. Kuhn, A. von Engeln, and C. Verdes (2005), ARTS, the atmospheric radiative transfer simulator, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 91, 65– 93, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.05.051. Calisse, P. G., M. C. B. Ashley, M. G. Burton, M. A. Phillips, J. W. V. Storey, S. J. E. Radford, and J. B. Peterson (2004), Submillimeter site testing at Dome C, Antarctica, Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust., 21, 1–18, doi:10.1071/AS03018. Carli, B., A. Barbis, J. E. Harries, and L. Palchetti (1999), Design of an efficient broadband far-infrared Fourier-transform spectrometer, Appl. Opt., 38, 3945– 3950, doi:10.1364/AO.38.003945. Cimini, D., E. R. Westwater, A. J. Gasiewski, M. Klein, V. Y. Leuski, and J. C. Liljegren (2007), Ground-based millimeter-and submillimiter-wave observations of low vapor and liquid water contents, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 45, 2169– 2180, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2007.897450. Clough, S. A., M. J. Iacono, and J.-L. Moncet (1992), Line-by-line calculations of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates: Application to water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D14), 15,761–15,785. Clough, S. A., M. W. Shephard, E. J. Mlawer, J. S. Delamere, M. J. Iacono, K. Cady-Pereira, S. Boukabara, and P. D. Brown (2005), Atmospheric radiative transfer modeling: A summary of the AER codes, J. Quant. 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ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/4000 2023-05-15T14:28:31+02:00 Measurements of low amounts of precipitable water vapor by millimeter wave spectroscopy: An intercomparison with radiosonde, Raman lidar, and Fourier transform infrared data Fiorucci, I. Muscari, G. Bianchi, C. Di Girolamo, P. Esposito, F. Grieco, G. Summa, D. Bianchini, G. Palchetti, L. Cacciani, M. Di Iorio, T. Pavese, G. Cimini, D. de Zafra, R. Fiorucci, I.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Muscari, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Bianchi, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Di Girolamo, P.; Università della Basilicata Esposito, F.; Università della Basilicata Grieco, G.; Università della Basilicata Summa, D.; Università della Basilicata Bianchini, G.; Istituto di Fisica Applicata, CNR Palchetti, L.; Istituto di Fisica Applicata, CNR Cacciani, M.; Università di Roma "La Sapienza" Di Iorio, T.; Università di Roma "La Sapienza" Pavese, G.; Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale, CNR Cimini, D.; Università di L'Aquila de Zafra, R.; State University of New York at Stony Brook Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Università della Basilicata Istituto di Fisica Applicata, CNR Università di Roma "La Sapienza" Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale, CNR Università di L'Aquila State University of New York at Stony Brook 2008-07 http://hdl.handle.net/2122/4000 http://www.agu.org/journals/jd/jd0814/2008JD009831/ https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009831 en eng American Geophysical Union Journal of Geophysical Research / 113 (2008) Bhawar, R., et al. (2008), Spectrally resolved observations of atmospheric emitted radiance in the H2O rotation band, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L04812, doi:10.1029/2007GL032207. Bianchini, G., L. Palchetti, and B. Carli (2006), A wide-band nadir-sounding spectroradiometer for the characterization of the Earth’s outgoing long-wave radiation, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 6361, 63610A. Bianchini, G., L. Palchetti, and A. Baglioni (2007), Far infrared spectrally resolved broadband emission of the atmosphere from Monte Morello and Monte Gomito near Florence, Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 6745, 6745– 6761. Buehler, S. A., P. Eriksson, T. Kuhn, A. von Engeln, and C. Verdes (2005), ARTS, the atmospheric radiative transfer simulator, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 91, 65– 93, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.05.051. Calisse, P. G., M. C. B. Ashley, M. G. Burton, M. A. Phillips, J. W. V. Storey, S. J. E. Radford, and J. B. Peterson (2004), Submillimeter site testing at Dome C, Antarctica, Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust., 21, 1–18, doi:10.1071/AS03018. Carli, B., A. Barbis, J. E. Harries, and L. Palchetti (1999), Design of an efficient broadband far-infrared Fourier-transform spectrometer, Appl. Opt., 38, 3945– 3950, doi:10.1364/AO.38.003945. Cimini, D., E. R. Westwater, A. J. Gasiewski, M. Klein, V. Y. Leuski, and J. C. Liljegren (2007), Ground-based millimeter-and submillimiter-wave observations of low vapor and liquid water contents, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 45, 2169– 2180, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2007.897450. Clough, S. A., M. J. Iacono, and J.-L. Moncet (1992), Line-by-line calculations of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates: Application to water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D14), 15,761–15,785. Clough, S. A., M. W. Shephard, E. J. Mlawer, J. S. Delamere, M. J. Iacono, K. Cady-Pereira, S. Boukabara, and P. D. Brown (2005), Atmospheric radiative transfer modeling: A summary of the AER codes, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 91, 233–244, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.05.058. de Zafra, R. L. (1995), The ground-based measurements of stratospheric trace gases using quantitative millimeter wave emission spectroscopy, in Diagnostic Tools in Atmospheric Physics, Proc. of the Int. Sch. of Phys. ‘‘Enrico Fermi,’’ vol. 124, 23– 54, Soc. It. di Fis., Bologna, Italy. de Zafra, R. L., A. Parrish, P. M. Solomon, and J. W. Barrett (1983), A quasi continuous record of atmospheric opacity at l = 1.1 mm over 34 days at Mauna Kea observatory, Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves, 4, 757–765, doi:10.1007/BF01009694. Di Girolamo, P., R. Marchese, D. N. Whiteman, and B. B. Demoz (2004), Rotational Raman lidar measurements of atmospheric temperature in the UV, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L01106, doi:10.1029/2003GL018342. Esposito, F., G. Grieco, G. Masiello, G. Pavese, R. Restieri, C. Serio, and V. Cuomo (2007), Intercomparison among line-parameters spectroscopic databases using downwelling spectral radiance, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 133, 191– 202. Evans, K. F., and G. L. Stephens (1995), Microwave radiative transfer through clouds composed of realistically shaped ice crystals. Part II. Remote sensing of ice clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2058 – 2072, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2058:MRTTCC>2.0.CO;2. Han, Y., and E. R. Westwater (2000), Analysis and improvement of tipping calibration for ground-based microwave radiometers, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 38, 1260– 1277, doi:10.1109/36.843018. Held, I. M., and B. Soden (2000), Water vapor feedback and global warming, Annu. Rev. Energy Environ., 25, 441 –475, doi:10.1146/ annurev.energy.25.1.441. Hewison, T. J., D. Cimini, L. Martin, C. Gaffard, and J. Nash (2006), Validating clear air absorption model using ground-based microwave radiometers and vice-versa, Meteorol. Z., 15(1), 27 – 36, doi:10.1127/ 0941-2948/2006/0097. Hirvensalo, J., J. Wahrn, and H. 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The technique used involves the measurement of atmospheric opacity in the range between 230 and 280 GHz with a spectral resolution of 4 GHz, followed by the conversion to precipitable water vapor using a linear relationship. We present the intercomparison of this data set with simultaneous PWV observations obtained with Vaisala RS92k radiosondes, a Raman lidar, and an IR Fourier transform spectrometer. These sets of measurements were carried out during the primary field campaign of the Earth Cooling by Water vapor Radiation (ECOWAR) project which took place at Breuil-Cervinia (45.9N, 7.6E, elevation 1990 m) and Plateau Rosa (45.9N, 7.7E, elevation 3490 m), Italy, from 3 to 16 March 2007. GBMS PWV measurements show a good agreement with the other three data sets exhibiting a mean difference between observations of 9%. The considerable number of data points available for the GBMS versus lidar PWV correlation allows an additional analysis which indicates negligible systematic differences between the two data sets. Published D14314 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale JCR Journal reserved Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) Journal of Geophysical Research 113 D14 |