Dynamics of high-latitude patches and associated small-scale irregularities during the October and November 2003 storms

Observations from a network of specially equipped GPS scintillation receivers in Northern Europe are used to investigate the dynamics of ionospheric plasma during the storm events of 30 October and 20 November 2003. The total electron content (TEC) and scintillation data, combined with ionospheric t...

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Published in:	Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Main Authors:	De Franceschi, G., Alfonsi, Lu., Romano, V., Aquino, M., Dodson, A., Mitchell, C. N., Spencer, P., Wernik, A. W.
Other Authors:	De Franceschi, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia, Alfonsi, Lu.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia, Romano, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia, Aquino, M.; University of Nottingham, Dodson, A.; University of Nottingham, Mitchell, C. N.; University of Bath, Spencer, P.; University of Bath, Wernik, A. W.; SRC-PAS, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia, University of Nottingham, University of Bath, SRC-PAS
Format:	Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier 2007
Subjects:	Ionospheric scintillations Polar patches GPS Plasma dynamics 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather Arctic
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/2122/3763 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2007.05.018

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language	English
topic	Ionospheric scintillations Polar patches GPS Plasma dynamics 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
spellingShingle	Ionospheric scintillations Polar patches GPS Plasma dynamics 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather De Franceschi, G. Alfonsi, Lu. Romano, V. Aquino, M. Dodson, A. Mitchell, C. N. Spencer, P. Wernik, A. W. Dynamics of high-latitude patches and associated small-scale irregularities during the October and November 2003 storms
topic_facet	Ionospheric scintillations Polar patches GPS Plasma dynamics 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
description	Observations from a network of specially equipped GPS scintillation receivers in Northern Europe are used to investigate the dynamics of ionospheric plasma during the storm events of 30 October and 20 November 2003. The total electron content (TEC) and scintillation data, combined with ionospheric tomography produced by the multi-instrument data analysis system (MIDAS), reveal strong enhancements and steep gradients in TEC during nighttime under a prevailing negative Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Amplitude and phase scintillation maxima are often co-located with the TEC gradients at the edge of plasma patches, revealing the presence of small-scale irregularities and suggesting association with a tongue of ionization (TOI) convecting in an anti-sunward direction from the American sector across the polar cap. Similarities and differences between the ionospheric response to the two storms are investigated. The 30 October event reveals a quite complex scenario showing two phases of plasma dynamics: the former reflects the expected convection pattern for IMF Bz southward and the latter possibly indicates a sort of TEC plasma stagnation signature of the more complex convection patterns during several positive/negative excursions of IMF Bz. In press 879–888 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale JCR Journal reserved
author2	De Franceschi, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Alfonsi, Lu.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Romano, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Aquino, M.; University of Nottingham Dodson, A.; University of Nottingham Mitchell, C. N.; University of Bath Spencer, P.; University of Bath Wernik, A. W.; SRC-PAS Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia University of Nottingham University of Bath SRC-PAS
format	Article in Journal/Newspaper
author	De Franceschi, G. Alfonsi, Lu. Romano, V. Aquino, M. Dodson, A. Mitchell, C. N. Spencer, P. Wernik, A. W.
author_facet	De Franceschi, G. Alfonsi, Lu. Romano, V. Aquino, M. Dodson, A. Mitchell, C. N. Spencer, P. Wernik, A. W.
author_sort	De Franceschi, G.
title	Dynamics of high-latitude patches and associated small-scale irregularities during the October and November 2003 storms
title_short	Dynamics of high-latitude patches and associated small-scale irregularities during the October and November 2003 storms
title_full	Dynamics of high-latitude patches and associated small-scale irregularities during the October and November 2003 storms
title_fullStr	Dynamics of high-latitude patches and associated small-scale irregularities during the October and November 2003 storms
title_full_unstemmed	Dynamics of high-latitude patches and associated small-scale irregularities during the October and November 2003 storms
title_sort	dynamics of high-latitude patches and associated small-scale irregularities during the october and november 2003 storms
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2007
url	http://hdl.handle.net/2122/3763 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2007.05.018
genre	Arctic
genre_facet	Arctic
op_relation	Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics /70 (2008) Aquino, M., Dodson, A., Alfonsi, L., De Franceschi, G., Romano, V., Mitchell, C.N., 2005a. Scintillation monitoring results during the 30 October 2003 space weather event, In: Proceedings of Second European Space Weather Week, on line at /http://www.esa-spaceweather.net/spweather/workshops/ eswwII/proc/Session3/Aquino_poster.ppsS. Aquino, M., Moore, T., Dodson, A., Waugh, S., Souter, J., Rodrigues, F.S., 2005b. Implications of ionospheric scintillation for GNSS users in Northern Europe. The Journal of Navigation, Royal Institute of Navigation 58, 241–256. Basu, Su., Basu, S., MacKenzie, E., Coley, W.R., Sharber, J.R., Hoegy, W.R., 1990. Plasma structuring by the gradient drift instability at high latitudes and comparison with velocity shear driven processes. Journal of Geophysical Research 95 (A6), 7799–7818. Basu, Su., Basu, S., Makela, J.J., Sheehn, R.E., MacKenzie, E., Doherty, P., Wright, J.W., Keskinen, M.J., Pallamraju, D., Paxton, L.J., Berkey, F.T., 2005. Two components of ionospheric plasma structuring at midlatitudes observed during the large magnetic storm of October 30, 2003. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L12S06. Beach, T.L., 2006. Perils of the GPS phase scintillation index (sF). Radio Science 41, RS5S31. Carlson, H.C., 1994. The dark polar ionosphere: progress and future challenges. Radio Science 29, 157–166. Coker, C., Bust, G.S., Doe, R.A., Gaussiran III, T.L., 2004. High latitude plasma structure and scintillation. Radio Science 39, RS1S15. Coley, W.R., Heelis, R.A., 1998. Structure and occurrence of polar ionization patches. Journal of Geophysical Research 103 (A2), 2201–2208. Coster, A., Skone, S., Mitchell, C. N., De Franceschi, G., Alfonsi, L., Romano, V., 2005. Global studies of GPS Scintillation, In: Proceedings of ION 2005 National Technical Meeting, January 24–26, 2005, San Diego, CA. Crowley, G., 1996. Ionospheric patches and blobs. In: Ross Stone, W. (Ed.), The Review of Radio Science 1993–1996. Oxford University Press, pp. 149–619. Decker, D.T., Valladares, C.E., Sheehan, R., Basu, S., Anderson, D.N., Heelis, R.A., 1994. Modeling daytime F layer patches over Sondrestrom. Radio Science 29 (1), 249–268. De Franceschi, G., Romano, V., Alfonsi, L., Pezzopane, M., Zolesi B., 2003. ISACCO (Ionospheric Scintillations Arctic Campaign Coordinated Observations) project at Ny-Alesund. Paper presented at Atmospheric Remote Sensing Using Satellite Navigation Systems, Joint Working Group, Union Radio Science International, Matera, Italy. De Franceschi, G., Alfonsi, L., Romano, V., 2006. Isacco: an Italian project to monitor the high latitude ionosphere by means of GPS receivers. GPS Solutions, doi:10.1007/S10291- 006-0036-6. Doherty, P.H., Delay, S.H., Valladares, C.E., Klobuchar, J., 2000. Ionospheric scintillation effects in the equatorial and auroral regions. In: Proceedings of ION GPS 2000, Salt Lake City, USA. Foster, J.C., Rideout, W., 2005. Midlatitude TEC enhancements during the October 2003 supestorm. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L12S04. Foster, J.C., Coster, A.J., Erickson, P.J., Holt, J.M., Lind, F.D., Rideout, W., McCready, M., van Eyken, A., Barnes, R.J., Greenwald, R.A., Rich, F.J., 2005. Multiradar observations of the polar tongue of ionization. Journal of Geophysical Research 110, A09S31. Garner, T.W., Bust, G.S., Gaussiran Jr., T.L., Straus, P.R., 2006. Variations in the midlatitude and equatorial ionosphere during the October 2003 magnetic storm. Radio Science 41, RS6S08. GISTM User’s Manual, 2005. GSV GPS Silicon Valley, 1131 Seena Avenue. Los Altos, CA 94024, USA. Gondarenko, N.A., Guzdar, P.N., 2004. Plasma patch structuring by the nonlinear evolution of the gradient drift instability in the high-latitude ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 109, A09301. Kivanc-, O¨ ., Heelis, R.A., 1997. Structures in ionospheric number density and velocity associated with polar cap ionization patches. Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (A1), 307–318. Mannucci, A.J., Tsurutani, B., Iijima, T., Komjathy, B.A., Saito, A., Gonzalez, W.D., Guarnieri, F.L., Kozyra, J.U., Skoug, R., 2005. Dayside global ionospheric response to the major interplanetary events of October 29–30, 2003 ‘‘Halloween storms’’. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L12S02. Mitchell, C.N., Spencer, P.S.J., 2003. A three-dimensional time dependent algorithm for ionospheric imaging using GPS. Annals of Geophysics 46, 687–696. Mitchell, C.N., Alfonsi, L., De Franceschi, G., Lester, M., Romano, V., Wernik, A.W., 2005. GPS TEC and scintillation measurements from the polar ionosphere during the October 2003 storm. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L12S03. Milan, S.N., Lester, M., Yeoman, T.K., 2002. HF radar polar patch formation revisited: summer and winter variations in dayside plasma structuring. Annales Geophysicae 20, 487–499. Morrissey, T.N., Shallberg, K.W., Van Dierendonck, A.J., Nicholson, M.J., 2004. GPS receiver performance characterization under realistic ionospheric phase scintillation environments. Radio Science 39, RS1S20. Oksavik, K., Ruohoniemi, J.M., Greenwald, R.A., Baker, J.B.H., Moen, J., Carlson, H.C., Yeoman, T.K., Lester, M., 2006. Observations of isolated polar cap patches by the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Svalbard and Super DualAuroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) Finland radars. Journal of Geophysical Research 111, A05310. Rodger, A.S., 1998. Polar patches—outstanding issues. In: Moen, J., et al. (Eds.), Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 281–288. Rodrigues, F.S., Aquino, M., Dodson, A., Moore, T., Waugh, S., 2004. Statistical analysis of GPS ionospheric scintillation and short-time TEC variations over Northern Europe. Journal of the Institute of Navigation 51 (1), 59–75. Sato, T., 1959. Morphology of ionospheric F2 disturbances in the polar region: a linkage between polar patches and plasmaspheric drainage plumes. Reports on Ionospheric Research and Space Research of Japan, 131, 91pp. Skoug, R.M., Gosling, J.T., Steinberg, J.T., McComas, D.J., Smith, C.W., Ness, N.F., Hu, Q., Burlaga, L.F., 2004. Extremely high speed solar wind: 29–30 October 2003. Journal of Geophysical Research 109, A09102. Spencer, P.S.J., Mitchell, C.N., 2008. Imaging of fast moving ionospheric patches in the polar cap. Annals of Geophysics, in press. Stolle, C., Lilensten, J., Schlueter, S., Jacobi, Ch., Rietveld, M., Luehr, H., 2006. Observing the north polar ionosphere on 30 October 2003 by GPS imaging and IS radars. Annales Geophysicae 24, 107–113. Tsunoda, R.T., 1988. High-latitude F region irregularities: a review and synthesis. Review of Geophysics 26, 719–760. Van Dierendonck, A.J., Klobuchar, J., Hua, Q., 1993. Ionospheric scintillation monitoring using commercial single frequency C/A code receivers. In: ION GPS-93 Proceedings of the Sixth International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation. Institute of Navigation, Salt Lake City, UT, pp. 1333–1342. Weimer, D.R., 1996. A flexible, IMF dependent model of highlatitude electric potentials having ‘‘space weather’’ applications. Geophysical Research Letters 23 (18), 2549–2552. Weimer, D.R., 2001. An improved model of ionospheric electric potentials including substorm perturbations and application to the Geospace Environment Modeling November 24, 1996, event. Journal of Geophysical Research 106, 407–416. Yizengaw, E., Moldwin, M.B., Komjathy, A., Mannucci, A.J., 2006. Unusual topside ionospheric density response to the November 2003 superstorm. Journal of Geophysical Research 111, A02308. ARTICLE IN PRESS 888 G. De Franceschi et al. / Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 70 (2008) 879–888 http://hdl.handle.net/2122/3763 doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.05.018
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container_title	Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
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spelling	ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/3763 2023-05-15T14:28:26+02:00 Dynamics of high-latitude patches and associated small-scale irregularities during the October and November 2003 storms De Franceschi, G. Alfonsi, Lu. Romano, V. Aquino, M. Dodson, A. Mitchell, C. N. Spencer, P. Wernik, A. W. De Franceschi, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Alfonsi, Lu.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Romano, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia Aquino, M.; University of Nottingham Dodson, A.; University of Nottingham Mitchell, C. N.; University of Bath Spencer, P.; University of Bath Wernik, A. W.; SRC-PAS Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia University of Nottingham University of Bath SRC-PAS 2007-07 http://hdl.handle.net/2122/3763 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2007.05.018 en eng Elsevier Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics /70 (2008) Aquino, M., Dodson, A., Alfonsi, L., De Franceschi, G., Romano, V., Mitchell, C.N., 2005a. Scintillation monitoring results during the 30 October 2003 space weather event, In: Proceedings of Second European Space Weather Week, on line at /http://www.esa-spaceweather.net/spweather/workshops/ eswwII/proc/Session3/Aquino_poster.ppsS. Aquino, M., Moore, T., Dodson, A., Waugh, S., Souter, J., Rodrigues, F.S., 2005b. Implications of ionospheric scintillation for GNSS users in Northern Europe. The Journal of Navigation, Royal Institute of Navigation 58, 241–256. Basu, Su., Basu, S., MacKenzie, E., Coley, W.R., Sharber, J.R., Hoegy, W.R., 1990. Plasma structuring by the gradient drift instability at high latitudes and comparison with velocity shear driven processes. Journal of Geophysical Research 95 (A6), 7799–7818. Basu, Su., Basu, S., Makela, J.J., Sheehn, R.E., MacKenzie, E., Doherty, P., Wright, J.W., Keskinen, M.J., Pallamraju, D., Paxton, L.J., Berkey, F.T., 2005. Two components of ionospheric plasma structuring at midlatitudes observed during the large magnetic storm of October 30, 2003. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L12S06. Beach, T.L., 2006. Perils of the GPS phase scintillation index (sF). Radio Science 41, RS5S31. Carlson, H.C., 1994. The dark polar ionosphere: progress and future challenges. Radio Science 29, 157–166. Coker, C., Bust, G.S., Doe, R.A., Gaussiran III, T.L., 2004. High latitude plasma structure and scintillation. Radio Science 39, RS1S15. Coley, W.R., Heelis, R.A., 1998. Structure and occurrence of polar ionization patches. Journal of Geophysical Research 103 (A2), 2201–2208. Coster, A., Skone, S., Mitchell, C. N., De Franceschi, G., Alfonsi, L., Romano, V., 2005. Global studies of GPS Scintillation, In: Proceedings of ION 2005 National Technical Meeting, January 24–26, 2005, San Diego, CA. Crowley, G., 1996. Ionospheric patches and blobs. In: Ross Stone, W. (Ed.), The Review of Radio Science 1993–1996. Oxford University Press, pp. 149–619. Decker, D.T., Valladares, C.E., Sheehan, R., Basu, S., Anderson, D.N., Heelis, R.A., 1994. Modeling daytime F layer patches over Sondrestrom. Radio Science 29 (1), 249–268. De Franceschi, G., Romano, V., Alfonsi, L., Pezzopane, M., Zolesi B., 2003. ISACCO (Ionospheric Scintillations Arctic Campaign Coordinated Observations) project at Ny-Alesund. Paper presented at Atmospheric Remote Sensing Using Satellite Navigation Systems, Joint Working Group, Union Radio Science International, Matera, Italy. De Franceschi, G., Alfonsi, L., Romano, V., 2006. Isacco: an Italian project to monitor the high latitude ionosphere by means of GPS receivers. GPS Solutions, doi:10.1007/S10291- 006-0036-6. Doherty, P.H., Delay, S.H., Valladares, C.E., Klobuchar, J., 2000. Ionospheric scintillation effects in the equatorial and auroral regions. In: Proceedings of ION GPS 2000, Salt Lake City, USA. Foster, J.C., Rideout, W., 2005. Midlatitude TEC enhancements during the October 2003 supestorm. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L12S04. Foster, J.C., Coster, A.J., Erickson, P.J., Holt, J.M., Lind, F.D., Rideout, W., McCready, M., van Eyken, A., Barnes, R.J., Greenwald, R.A., Rich, F.J., 2005. Multiradar observations of the polar tongue of ionization. Journal of Geophysical Research 110, A09S31. Garner, T.W., Bust, G.S., Gaussiran Jr., T.L., Straus, P.R., 2006. Variations in the midlatitude and equatorial ionosphere during the October 2003 magnetic storm. Radio Science 41, RS6S08. GISTM User’s Manual, 2005. GSV GPS Silicon Valley, 1131 Seena Avenue. Los Altos, CA 94024, USA. Gondarenko, N.A., Guzdar, P.N., 2004. Plasma patch structuring by the nonlinear evolution of the gradient drift instability in the high-latitude ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research 109, A09301. Kivanc-, O¨ ., Heelis, R.A., 1997. Structures in ionospheric number density and velocity associated with polar cap ionization patches. Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (A1), 307–318. Mannucci, A.J., Tsurutani, B., Iijima, T., Komjathy, B.A., Saito, A., Gonzalez, W.D., Guarnieri, F.L., Kozyra, J.U., Skoug, R., 2005. Dayside global ionospheric response to the major interplanetary events of October 29–30, 2003 ‘‘Halloween storms’’. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L12S02. Mitchell, C.N., Spencer, P.S.J., 2003. A three-dimensional time dependent algorithm for ionospheric imaging using GPS. Annals of Geophysics 46, 687–696. Mitchell, C.N., Alfonsi, L., De Franceschi, G., Lester, M., Romano, V., Wernik, A.W., 2005. GPS TEC and scintillation measurements from the polar ionosphere during the October 2003 storm. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L12S03. Milan, S.N., Lester, M., Yeoman, T.K., 2002. HF radar polar patch formation revisited: summer and winter variations in dayside plasma structuring. Annales Geophysicae 20, 487–499. Morrissey, T.N., Shallberg, K.W., Van Dierendonck, A.J., Nicholson, M.J., 2004. GPS receiver performance characterization under realistic ionospheric phase scintillation environments. Radio Science 39, RS1S20. Oksavik, K., Ruohoniemi, J.M., Greenwald, R.A., Baker, J.B.H., Moen, J., Carlson, H.C., Yeoman, T.K., Lester, M., 2006. Observations of isolated polar cap patches by the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Svalbard and Super DualAuroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) Finland radars. Journal of Geophysical Research 111, A05310. Rodger, A.S., 1998. Polar patches—outstanding issues. In: Moen, J., et al. (Eds.), Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 281–288. Rodrigues, F.S., Aquino, M., Dodson, A., Moore, T., Waugh, S., 2004. Statistical analysis of GPS ionospheric scintillation and short-time TEC variations over Northern Europe. Journal of the Institute of Navigation 51 (1), 59–75. Sato, T., 1959. Morphology of ionospheric F2 disturbances in the polar region: a linkage between polar patches and plasmaspheric drainage plumes. Reports on Ionospheric Research and Space Research of Japan, 131, 91pp. Skoug, R.M., Gosling, J.T., Steinberg, J.T., McComas, D.J., Smith, C.W., Ness, N.F., Hu, Q., Burlaga, L.F., 2004. Extremely high speed solar wind: 29–30 October 2003. Journal of Geophysical Research 109, A09102. Spencer, P.S.J., Mitchell, C.N., 2008. Imaging of fast moving ionospheric patches in the polar cap. Annals of Geophysics, in press. Stolle, C., Lilensten, J., Schlueter, S., Jacobi, Ch., Rietveld, M., Luehr, H., 2006. Observing the north polar ionosphere on 30 October 2003 by GPS imaging and IS radars. Annales Geophysicae 24, 107–113. Tsunoda, R.T., 1988. High-latitude F region irregularities: a review and synthesis. Review of Geophysics 26, 719–760. Van Dierendonck, A.J., Klobuchar, J., Hua, Q., 1993. Ionospheric scintillation monitoring using commercial single frequency C/A code receivers. In: ION GPS-93 Proceedings of the Sixth International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation. Institute of Navigation, Salt Lake City, UT, pp. 1333–1342. Weimer, D.R., 1996. A flexible, IMF dependent model of highlatitude electric potentials having ‘‘space weather’’ applications. Geophysical Research Letters 23 (18), 2549–2552. Weimer, D.R., 2001. An improved model of ionospheric electric potentials including substorm perturbations and application to the Geospace Environment Modeling November 24, 1996, event. Journal of Geophysical Research 106, 407–416. Yizengaw, E., Moldwin, M.B., Komjathy, A., Mannucci, A.J., 2006. Unusual topside ionospheric density response to the November 2003 superstorm. Journal of Geophysical Research 111, A02308. ARTICLE IN PRESS 888 G. De Franceschi et al. / Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 70 (2008) 879–888 http://hdl.handle.net/2122/3763 doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.05.018 restricted Ionospheric scintillations Polar patches GPS Plasma dynamics 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather article 2007 ftingv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2007.05.018 https://doi.org/10.1007/S10291 2022-07-29T06:04:51Z Observations from a network of specially equipped GPS scintillation receivers in Northern Europe are used to investigate the dynamics of ionospheric plasma during the storm events of 30 October and 20 November 2003. The total electron content (TEC) and scintillation data, combined with ionospheric tomography produced by the multi-instrument data analysis system (MIDAS), reveal strong enhancements and steep gradients in TEC during nighttime under a prevailing negative Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Amplitude and phase scintillation maxima are often co-located with the TEC gradients at the edge of plasma patches, revealing the presence of small-scale irregularities and suggesting association with a tongue of ionization (TOI) convecting in an anti-sunward direction from the American sector across the polar cap. Similarities and differences between the ionospheric response to the two storms are investigated. The 30 October event reveals a quite complex scenario showing two phases of plasma dynamics: the former reflects the expected convection pattern for IMF Bz southward and the latter possibly indicates a sort of TEC plasma stagnation signature of the more complex convection patterns during several positive/negative excursions of IMF Bz. In press 879–888 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale JCR Journal reserved Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 70 6 879 888

Dynamics of high-latitude patches and associated small-scale irregularities during the October and November 2003 storms

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