A Regional Ground Motion Excitation attenuation Model for the San Francisco Region
By using small-to-moderate-sized earthquakes located within ~200 km of San Francisco, we characterize the scaling of the ground motions for frequencies ranging between 0.25 and 20 Hz, obtaining results for geometric spreading, Q(f), and site parameters using the methods of Mayeda et al. (2005) and M...
Published in: | Geophysical Research Letters |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Language: | English |
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2006
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2306 |
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ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/2306 |
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institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) |
op_collection_id |
ftingv |
language |
English |
topic |
Ground motion 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion |
spellingShingle |
Ground motion 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion Malagnini, L. Mayeda, K. Uhrhammer, R. Akinci, A. Herrmann, R. B. A Regional Ground Motion Excitation attenuation Model for the San Francisco Region |
topic_facet |
Ground motion 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion |
description |
By using small-to-moderate-sized earthquakes located within ~200 km of San Francisco, we characterize the scaling of the ground motions for frequencies ranging between 0.25 and 20 Hz, obtaining results for geometric spreading, Q(f), and site parameters using the methods of Mayeda et al. (2005) and Malagnini et al. (2004). The results of the analysis show that, throughout the Bay Area, the average regional attenuation of the ground motion can be modeled with a bilinear geometric spreading function with a 30 km crossover distance, coupled to an anelastic function ! exp " #fr $Q( f ) % & ' ( ) * , where: Q(f)=180 f 0.42. A body-wave geometric spreading, g(r)= r -1.0, is used at short hypocentral distances (r < 30 km), whereas g(r)= r -0.6 fits the attenuation of the spectral amplitudes at hypocentral distances beyond the crossover. The frequency-dependent site effects at 12 of the Berkeley Digital Seismic Network (BDSN) stations were evaluated in an absolute sense using coda-derived source spectra. Our results show: i) the absolute site response for frequencies ranging between 0.3 Hz and 2.0 Hz correlate with independent estimates of the local magnitude residuals (dML) for each of the stations; ii) moment-magnitudes (MW) derived from our path and sitecorrected spectra are in excellent agreement with those independently derived using fullwaveform modeling as well as coda-derived source spectra; iii) we use our weak-motionbased relationships to predict motions region wide for the Loma Prieta earthquake, well above the maximum magnitude spanned by our data set, on a completely different set of stations. Results compare well with measurements taken at specific NEHRP site classes; iv) an empirical, magnitude-dependent scaling was necessary for the Brune stress parameter in order to match the large magnitude spectral accelerations and peak ground velocities with our weak-motion-based model. Submitted open |
author2 |
Malagnini, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia Mayeda, K.; Weston Geophysical Corporation, Lexington, MA Uhrhammer, R.; University of California, Berkeley, CA Akinci, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia Herrmann, R. B.; Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia Weston Geophysical Corporation, Lexington, MA University of California, Berkeley, CA #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# |
format |
Manuscript |
author |
Malagnini, L. Mayeda, K. Uhrhammer, R. Akinci, A. Herrmann, R. B. |
author_facet |
Malagnini, L. Mayeda, K. Uhrhammer, R. Akinci, A. Herrmann, R. B. |
author_sort |
Malagnini, L. |
title |
A Regional Ground Motion Excitation attenuation Model for the San Francisco Region |
title_short |
A Regional Ground Motion Excitation attenuation Model for the San Francisco Region |
title_full |
A Regional Ground Motion Excitation attenuation Model for the San Francisco Region |
title_fullStr |
A Regional Ground Motion Excitation attenuation Model for the San Francisco Region |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Regional Ground Motion Excitation attenuation Model for the San Francisco Region |
title_sort |
regional ground motion excitation attenuation model for the san francisco region |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2306 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(6.723,6.723,62.526,62.526) ENVELOPE(-58.983,-58.983,-62.267,-62.267) |
geographic |
Brune Loma |
geographic_facet |
Brune Loma |
genre |
DML |
genre_facet |
DML |
op_relation |
Abrahamson, N. A., and Shedlock, K. M. (1997). Overview, Seism. Res. Lett., 68, 9-23. Abrahamson, N.A., and W. Silva (1997). Empirical response spectral attenuation relations for shallow crustal earthquakes, Seism. Res. Lett., 68, 94-127. Akinci, A., L. Malagnini, R. B. Herrmann, R. Gok and M. B. Sørensen (2006). Ground motion scaling in the Marmara region, Turkey. Geophys.l_J. Int., 166, 635 – 651. Akinci, A., L. Malagnini, R.B. Herrmann, N.A. Pino, L. Scognamiglio, and H. Eyidogan (2001). High-Frequency Ground Motion in the Erzincan Region, Turkey: Inferences from Small Earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 91, 1446 - 1455. Atkinson, G. (1993). Notes on ground motion parameters for eastern North America: Duration and H/V ratio. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 83, 587-596. Atkinson, G. M., and W. Silva (2000). Stochastic modeling of California ground motions, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 90, 255-274. Atkinson, G.M. and D.M. Boore (1997a). Some Comparisons Between Recent Ground- Motion Relations, Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 68, 24-40. Atkinson, G.M. and D.M. Boore (1997b). Stochastic point-source modeling of ground motions in the Cascadia region, Seism. Res. Lett. 68, 74–85. Atkinson, G.M. and W. Silva (1997). An empirical study of earthquake source spectra for California earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 87, 97 - 113. Atkinson, G. M., and D. M. Boore (1995). Ground-motion relations for eastern North America, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 85, 17-30. Baise, L.G., D. Dreger, and S.D. Glaser (2003). The effect of shallow San_Francisco Bay sediments on waveforms recorded during the M (sub w) 4.6_Bolinas, California, earthquake, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93, 465-479. Boatwright, J., H. Bundock, J. Luetgert, L. Seekins, L. Gee, and P. Lombard (2003). The Dependence of PGA and PGV on Distance and Magnitude Inferred from Northern California ShakeMap Data, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.,93, 2043 - 2055. Boatwright, J., and G. L. Choy (1992). Acceleration source spectra anticipated for large earthquakes in northeastern North America, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 82, 660 - 682. Bodin, P., L. Malagnini, and A. Akinci (2004). Ground-Motion Scaling in the Kachchh Basin, India, Deduced from Aftershocks of the 2001 Mw 7.6 Bhuj Earthquake, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 94, 1658 - 1669. Boore, D. M. and W. B. Joyner (1997). Site amplifications for generic rock sites, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., v. 87, p. 327-341. Boore, D. M., W. B. Joyner, and L. Wennerberg (1992). Fitting the stochastic --2 source model to observed response spectra in western North America: Trade-offs between "# and &, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 82, 1956-1963. Boore, D. (1983). Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of the radiated spectra, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 73, 1865-1894. Brune, J. N. (1970). Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 4997–5009. Brune, J. N. (1971). Correction, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 5002. Cartwright, D. E., and M. S. Longuet-Higgins (1956). The statistical distribution of the maxima of a random function, Proc. R. Soc. London 237, 212-232. Dreger, DS, and DV Helmberger (1990). Broadband Modeling of Local Earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 80 1162-1179. Hanks, T. and R. McGuire (1981). The character of high-frequency strong ground motion, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 71, 2071-2095. Herrmann, R.B., and L. Malagnini (2005). Interpretation of High Frequency Ground Motion from Regional Seismic Network Observations, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., submitted. Malagnini, L., K. Mayeda, A. Akinci, and P. L. Bragato (2004). Estimating absolute site effects, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am, 94, 1343-1352 Malagnini, L., A. Akinci, R. B. Herrmann, N.A. Pino, and L. Scognamiglio (2002). Characteristics of the Ground Motion in Northeastern Italy, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 92, 2186-2204. Malagnini, L. and R.B. Herrmann (2000). Ground-Motion Scaling in the Region of the 1997 Umbria-Marche Earthquake (Italy), Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 90, 1041-1051. Malagnini, L., R.B. Herrmann, and M. Di Bona (2000a). Ground-Motion Scaling in the Apennines (Italy), Bul. Seism. Soc. Am., 90, 1062-1081. Malagnini, L., R.B. Herrmann, and K. Koch (2000b). Regional Ground-Motion Scaling in Central Europe, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 90, 1052-1061. Mayeda, K., L. Malagnini, W. S. Phillips, W. R. Walter, and D. Dreger (2005), 2-D or not 2-D, that is the question: A northern California test, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12301, doi:10.1029/2005GL022882. Mayeda, K., A. Hofstetter, J. O’Boyle and W. R. Walter (2003). Stable and Transportable Regional Magnitudes Based on Coda-Derived Moment-Rate Spectra, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93, 224-239. Mayeda, K., S. Koyanagi, and K. Aki (1991). Site amplification from S-wave coda in the long Valley Caldera region, California, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 81, 2194-2213. Morasca, P., L. Malagnini, A. Akinci, and D. Spallarossa (2006). Ground-motion scaling in the western Alps, J. Seism., in press. Pasyanos, M., D. Dreger and B. Romanowicz (1996). Toward real-time estimation of regional moment tensors, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 86, 1255-1269. Raoof, M., R.B. Herrmann, and L. Malagnini (1999). Attenuation and excitation of threecomponent ground motion in Southern California, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 89,888- 902. Richter, C.F. (1935). An instrument earthquake magnitude scale, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am. 25, 1-32. Schneider, J.F., W.J. Silva, and C. Stark (1993). Ground motion model for the 1989 M 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake including effects of source, path, and site, Earthquake Spectra 9, 251-287 Scognamiglio, L., L. Malagnini, and A. Akinci (2005). Ground-Motion Scaling in Eastern Sicily, Italy, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95, 568-578; DOI:10.1785/0120030124. Silva, W.J. and R. Darragh (1995). Engineering characterization of earthquake strong ground motion recorded at rock sites. Palo Alto, California, Electric Power Research Institute, TR-102261. Somerville, P. G., N. F. Smith, R. W. Graves, and N. A. Abrahamson (1997). Modification of empirical strong ground motion attenuation relations to include the amplitude and duration effects of rupture directivity, Seism. Res. Lett., 68, 199-222. Toro, G.R., N.A. Abrahamson, and J.F. Schneider (1997), Model of Strong Ground Motions from Earthquakes in Central and Eastern North America: Best Estimates and Uncertainties, Seism. Res. Lett., 68, 41-57. Toro, G.R., and R.K. McGuire (1987). An Investigation into Earthquake Ground Motion Characteristics in Eastern North America, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 77, 468-489. Uhrhammer, R. A., S. J. Loper and B. Romanowicz, Determination of Local_Magnitude Using BDSN Broadband Records, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 86, 1314-1330, 1996. Wald, D. J., V. Quitoriano T. Heaton, H. Kanamori, C. W. Scrivner, and C. B. Worden (1999). TriNet ``ShakeMaps'': Rapid Generation of Instrumental Ground Motion and Intensity Maps for Earthquakes in Southern California, Earthquake Spectra, 15, 537-556. Wessel, P. and W. H. F. Smith, (1991). Free software helps map and display data, 72, 444-446. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2306 |
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ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/2306 2023-05-15T16:02:07+02:00 A Regional Ground Motion Excitation attenuation Model for the San Francisco Region Malagnini, L. Mayeda, K. Uhrhammer, R. Akinci, A. Herrmann, R. B. Malagnini, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia Mayeda, K.; Weston Geophysical Corporation, Lexington, MA Uhrhammer, R.; University of California, Berkeley, CA Akinci, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia Herrmann, R. B.; Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia Weston Geophysical Corporation, Lexington, MA University of California, Berkeley, CA #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# 2006 6679919 bytes application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2306 en eng Abrahamson, N. A., and Shedlock, K. M. (1997). Overview, Seism. Res. Lett., 68, 9-23. Abrahamson, N.A., and W. Silva (1997). Empirical response spectral attenuation relations for shallow crustal earthquakes, Seism. Res. Lett., 68, 94-127. Akinci, A., L. Malagnini, R. B. Herrmann, R. Gok and M. B. Sørensen (2006). Ground motion scaling in the Marmara region, Turkey. Geophys.l_J. Int., 166, 635 – 651. Akinci, A., L. Malagnini, R.B. Herrmann, N.A. Pino, L. Scognamiglio, and H. Eyidogan (2001). High-Frequency Ground Motion in the Erzincan Region, Turkey: Inferences from Small Earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 91, 1446 - 1455. Atkinson, G. (1993). Notes on ground motion parameters for eastern North America: Duration and H/V ratio. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 83, 587-596. Atkinson, G. M., and W. Silva (2000). Stochastic modeling of California ground motions, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 90, 255-274. Atkinson, G.M. and D.M. Boore (1997a). Some Comparisons Between Recent Ground- Motion Relations, Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 68, 24-40. Atkinson, G.M. and D.M. Boore (1997b). Stochastic point-source modeling of ground motions in the Cascadia region, Seism. Res. Lett. 68, 74–85. Atkinson, G.M. and W. Silva (1997). An empirical study of earthquake source spectra for California earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 87, 97 - 113. Atkinson, G. M., and D. M. Boore (1995). Ground-motion relations for eastern North America, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 85, 17-30. Baise, L.G., D. Dreger, and S.D. Glaser (2003). The effect of shallow San_Francisco Bay sediments on waveforms recorded during the M (sub w) 4.6_Bolinas, California, earthquake, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93, 465-479. Boatwright, J., H. Bundock, J. Luetgert, L. Seekins, L. Gee, and P. Lombard (2003). The Dependence of PGA and PGV on Distance and Magnitude Inferred from Northern California ShakeMap Data, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.,93, 2043 - 2055. Boatwright, J., and G. L. Choy (1992). Acceleration source spectra anticipated for large earthquakes in northeastern North America, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 82, 660 - 682. Bodin, P., L. Malagnini, and A. Akinci (2004). Ground-Motion Scaling in the Kachchh Basin, India, Deduced from Aftershocks of the 2001 Mw 7.6 Bhuj Earthquake, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 94, 1658 - 1669. Boore, D. M. and W. B. Joyner (1997). Site amplifications for generic rock sites, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., v. 87, p. 327-341. Boore, D. M., W. B. Joyner, and L. Wennerberg (1992). Fitting the stochastic --2 source model to observed response spectra in western North America: Trade-offs between "# and &, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 82, 1956-1963. Boore, D. (1983). Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of the radiated spectra, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 73, 1865-1894. Brune, J. N. (1970). Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res. 75, 4997–5009. Brune, J. N. (1971). Correction, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 5002. Cartwright, D. E., and M. S. Longuet-Higgins (1956). The statistical distribution of the maxima of a random function, Proc. R. Soc. London 237, 212-232. Dreger, DS, and DV Helmberger (1990). Broadband Modeling of Local Earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 80 1162-1179. Hanks, T. and R. McGuire (1981). The character of high-frequency strong ground motion, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 71, 2071-2095. Herrmann, R.B., and L. Malagnini (2005). Interpretation of High Frequency Ground Motion from Regional Seismic Network Observations, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., submitted. Malagnini, L., K. Mayeda, A. Akinci, and P. L. Bragato (2004). Estimating absolute site effects, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am, 94, 1343-1352 Malagnini, L., A. Akinci, R. B. Herrmann, N.A. Pino, and L. Scognamiglio (2002). Characteristics of the Ground Motion in Northeastern Italy, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 92, 2186-2204. Malagnini, L. and R.B. Herrmann (2000). Ground-Motion Scaling in the Region of the 1997 Umbria-Marche Earthquake (Italy), Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 90, 1041-1051. Malagnini, L., R.B. Herrmann, and M. Di Bona (2000a). Ground-Motion Scaling in the Apennines (Italy), Bul. Seism. Soc. Am., 90, 1062-1081. Malagnini, L., R.B. Herrmann, and K. Koch (2000b). Regional Ground-Motion Scaling in Central Europe, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 90, 1052-1061. Mayeda, K., L. Malagnini, W. S. Phillips, W. R. Walter, and D. Dreger (2005), 2-D or not 2-D, that is the question: A northern California test, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12301, doi:10.1029/2005GL022882. Mayeda, K., A. Hofstetter, J. O’Boyle and W. R. Walter (2003). Stable and Transportable Regional Magnitudes Based on Coda-Derived Moment-Rate Spectra, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 93, 224-239. Mayeda, K., S. Koyanagi, and K. Aki (1991). Site amplification from S-wave coda in the long Valley Caldera region, California, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 81, 2194-2213. Morasca, P., L. Malagnini, A. Akinci, and D. Spallarossa (2006). Ground-motion scaling in the western Alps, J. Seism., in press. Pasyanos, M., D. Dreger and B. Romanowicz (1996). Toward real-time estimation of regional moment tensors, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 86, 1255-1269. Raoof, M., R.B. Herrmann, and L. Malagnini (1999). Attenuation and excitation of threecomponent ground motion in Southern California, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 89,888- 902. Richter, C.F. (1935). An instrument earthquake magnitude scale, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am. 25, 1-32. Schneider, J.F., W.J. Silva, and C. Stark (1993). Ground motion model for the 1989 M 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake including effects of source, path, and site, Earthquake Spectra 9, 251-287 Scognamiglio, L., L. Malagnini, and A. Akinci (2005). Ground-Motion Scaling in Eastern Sicily, Italy, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95, 568-578; DOI:10.1785/0120030124. Silva, W.J. and R. Darragh (1995). Engineering characterization of earthquake strong ground motion recorded at rock sites. Palo Alto, California, Electric Power Research Institute, TR-102261. Somerville, P. G., N. F. Smith, R. W. Graves, and N. A. Abrahamson (1997). Modification of empirical strong ground motion attenuation relations to include the amplitude and duration effects of rupture directivity, Seism. Res. Lett., 68, 199-222. Toro, G.R., N.A. Abrahamson, and J.F. Schneider (1997), Model of Strong Ground Motions from Earthquakes in Central and Eastern North America: Best Estimates and Uncertainties, Seism. Res. Lett., 68, 41-57. Toro, G.R., and R.K. McGuire (1987). An Investigation into Earthquake Ground Motion Characteristics in Eastern North America, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 77, 468-489. Uhrhammer, R. A., S. J. Loper and B. Romanowicz, Determination of Local_Magnitude Using BDSN Broadband Records, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 86, 1314-1330, 1996. Wald, D. J., V. Quitoriano T. Heaton, H. Kanamori, C. W. Scrivner, and C. B. Worden (1999). TriNet ``ShakeMaps'': Rapid Generation of Instrumental Ground Motion and Intensity Maps for Earthquakes in Southern California, Earthquake Spectra, 15, 537-556. Wessel, P. and W. H. F. Smith, (1991). Free software helps map and display data, 72, 444-446. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2306 open Ground motion 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion manuscript 2006 ftingv 2022-07-29T06:04:24Z By using small-to-moderate-sized earthquakes located within ~200 km of San Francisco, we characterize the scaling of the ground motions for frequencies ranging between 0.25 and 20 Hz, obtaining results for geometric spreading, Q(f), and site parameters using the methods of Mayeda et al. (2005) and Malagnini et al. (2004). The results of the analysis show that, throughout the Bay Area, the average regional attenuation of the ground motion can be modeled with a bilinear geometric spreading function with a 30 km crossover distance, coupled to an anelastic function ! exp " #fr $Q( f ) % & ' ( ) * , where: Q(f)=180 f 0.42. A body-wave geometric spreading, g(r)= r -1.0, is used at short hypocentral distances (r < 30 km), whereas g(r)= r -0.6 fits the attenuation of the spectral amplitudes at hypocentral distances beyond the crossover. The frequency-dependent site effects at 12 of the Berkeley Digital Seismic Network (BDSN) stations were evaluated in an absolute sense using coda-derived source spectra. Our results show: i) the absolute site response for frequencies ranging between 0.3 Hz and 2.0 Hz correlate with independent estimates of the local magnitude residuals (dML) for each of the stations; ii) moment-magnitudes (MW) derived from our path and sitecorrected spectra are in excellent agreement with those independently derived using fullwaveform modeling as well as coda-derived source spectra; iii) we use our weak-motionbased relationships to predict motions region wide for the Loma Prieta earthquake, well above the maximum magnitude spanned by our data set, on a completely different set of stations. Results compare well with measurements taken at specific NEHRP site classes; iv) an empirical, magnitude-dependent scaling was necessary for the Brune stress parameter in order to match the large magnitude spectral accelerations and peak ground velocities with our weak-motion-based model. Submitted open Manuscript DML Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) Brune ENVELOPE(6.723,6.723,62.526,62.526) Loma ENVELOPE(-58.983,-58.983,-62.267,-62.267) Geophysical Research Letters 32 12 n/a n/a |