Integration of ground-based laser scanner and aerial digital photogrammetry for topographic modelling

This work deals with the integration of different surveying methodologies for the definition of very accurate Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and/or Digital Surface Models (DSM): in particular, the aerial digital photogrammetry and the terrestrial laser scanning were used to survey the Vesuvio volcano,...

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Published in:GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY
Main Authors: Pesci, A., Fabris, M., Conforti, D., Loddo, F., Baldi, P., Anzidei, M.
Other Authors: Pesci, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia, Fabris, M.; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Settore Geofisica., Conforti, D.; Optech Inc, Loddo, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia, Baldi, P.; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Settore Geofisica., Anzidei, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia, Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Settore Geofisica., Optech Inc, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione ONT, Roma, Italia
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2007
Subjects:
TLS
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2076
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.02.005
id ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/2076
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia)
op_collection_id ftingv
language English
topic Vesuvio
TLS
aerial digital photogrammetry
models
integration
04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
spellingShingle Vesuvio
TLS
aerial digital photogrammetry
models
integration
04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
Pesci, A.
Fabris, M.
Conforti, D.
Loddo, F.
Baldi, P.
Anzidei, M.
Integration of ground-based laser scanner and aerial digital photogrammetry for topographic modelling
topic_facet Vesuvio
TLS
aerial digital photogrammetry
models
integration
04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
description This work deals with the integration of different surveying methodologies for the definition of very accurate Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and/or Digital Surface Models (DSM): in particular, the aerial digital photogrammetry and the terrestrial laser scanning were used to survey the Vesuvio volcano, allowing the total coverage of the internal cone and surroundings (the whole surveyed area was about 3 km×3 km). The possibility to reach a very high precision, especially from the laser scanner data set, allowed a detailed description of the morphology of the volcano. The comparisons of models obtained in repeated surveys allow a detailed map of residuals providing a data set that can be used for detailed studies of the morphological evolution. Moreover, the reflectivity information, highly correlated to materials properties, allows for the measurement and quantification of some morphological variations in areas where structural discontinuities and displacements are present. Published 123-138 JCR Journal partially_open
author2 Pesci, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia
Fabris, M.; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Settore Geofisica.
Conforti, D.; Optech Inc
Loddo, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia
Baldi, P.; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Settore Geofisica.
Anzidei, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Settore Geofisica.
Optech Inc
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione ONT, Roma, Italia
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Pesci, A.
Fabris, M.
Conforti, D.
Loddo, F.
Baldi, P.
Anzidei, M.
author_facet Pesci, A.
Fabris, M.
Conforti, D.
Loddo, F.
Baldi, P.
Anzidei, M.
author_sort Pesci, A.
title Integration of ground-based laser scanner and aerial digital photogrammetry for topographic modelling
title_short Integration of ground-based laser scanner and aerial digital photogrammetry for topographic modelling
title_full Integration of ground-based laser scanner and aerial digital photogrammetry for topographic modelling
title_fullStr Integration of ground-based laser scanner and aerial digital photogrammetry for topographic modelling
title_full_unstemmed Integration of ground-based laser scanner and aerial digital photogrammetry for topographic modelling
title_sort integration of ground-based laser scanner and aerial digital photogrammetry for topographic modelling
publisher Elsevier
publishDate 2007
url http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2076
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.02.005
genre Journal of Glaciology
genre_facet Journal of Glaciology
op_relation Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
3-4/162 (2007)
Achilli, V., Baldi, P., Baratin, L., Bonini, C., Ercolani, E., Gandolfi, S., Anzidei, M., Riguzzi, F., 1997. Digital photogrammetric survey on the island of Vulcano. Acta Vulcanologica 9 (2), 1-5. Akiyama, H. and Sasaki, S., 2002. Effects of rock coating on reflectance spectra of rock samples. Solar System Remote Sensing Symposium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 20-21, 2002. Baldi, P., Bonvalot, S., Briole, P., Marsella, M., 2000. Digital photogrammetry and kinematic GPS for monitoring volcanic areas. Geophysics Journal International 142 (3), 801-811. Baltsavias E.P., Favey E., Bauder A., Bosch H., Pateraki M., 2001. Digital surface modelling by airborne laser scanning and digital photogrammetry for glacier monitoring. Photogrammetric Record 17 (98), 243-273. Bergevin R., Soucy, M., Gagnon, H., Laurendeau, D., 1996. Towards a general multi-view registration technique. IEEE transaction on patterns analysis and machine intelligence 18, 540-547. Beutler, G., Hein, G.W., Melbourne, W.G., Seeber, G., 1995. GPS trends in precise terrestrial, airborne, and spaceborn applications, Int. Assoc. Geod. Symp. 115, 275-338. Bianco, F., Castellano, M., Milano, G., Ventura, G., Vilardo, G., 1998. The Somma-Vesuvius stress field induced by regional tectonics: evidenced from seismological and mesostructural data. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 82, 199–218. Boehler, W., Bordas Vicent, M., Marbs, A., 2003. Investigating laser scanner accuracy. XIXth CIPA SYMPOSIUM, Antalya, Turkey, 30 Sep. - 4 Oct. 2003. Butler, J.B., Lane, S.N., Chandler, J.H., 1998. Assessment of DEM quality for characterizing surface roughness using close range digital photogrammetry. Photogrammetric Record 16 (92), 271-291. Cioni, R., Santacroce, R., Sbrana, A., 1999. Pyroclastic deposits as a guide for reconstructing the multi-stage evolution of the Somma-Vesuvio Caldera. Bulletin of Volcanology 60, 207-222. Crosilla, F. and Galetto, R., 2004. La tecnica del laser scanning. Teoria ed Applicazioni. International Centre for mechanical sciences, Collana di Geodesia e Cartografia pp.184. Csatho, B., Schenk, T., Krabill, W., Wilson, T., Lyons, W., McKenzie, G., Hallam, C., Manizade, S., Paulsen, T., 2005. Airborne Laser Scanning for High-Resolution Mapping of Antarctica, EOS 86 (25), 21 June 2005. De Natale, G., Petrazzuoli, S. M., Troise, C., Pingue, F., Capuano, P., 2000. Internal stress field at Mount Vesuvius: a model for background seismicity at a central volcano. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 (16), 207-214. Florinsky, IV., 1998. Combined analysis of digital terrain models and remotely sensed data in landscape investigations. Progress in Physical Geography 22 (1), 33-60. Geoff, J., 2005. Understanding Laser Scanner terminology. Professional Surveyor Magazine, 22 – 28, February 2005. Hofman-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H., Collins, J., 1997. GPS Theory and Practice, edited by Spronger Verlag Wien, New York, 214-258. Lanari, R., De Natale, G., Berardino, P., Sansosti, E., Ricciardi, G.P., Borgstrom, S., Capuano, P., Pingue, F., Troise, C., 2002. Evidence for a peculiar style of ground deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano. Geophysical Research Letters 29 (9) 1010-1029. Fabris, M. and Pesci, A., 2005. Automated DEM extraction in digital aerial photogrammetry: precisions and validation for mass movement monitoring. Annals of Geophysics 48, 973-988. Fraser, C. S., Baltsavias, E., Gruen, A., 2002. Processing of Ikonos imagery for submetre 3D positioning and building extraction. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 56, 177-194. Fidera, A., Chapman, M.A., Hong, J., 2004. Terrestrial Lidar for industrial metrology applications: modeling, enhancement and reconstruction. XXth ISPRS congress, 12-23 July 2004, Istanbull, Turkey. Ingesand, H., Ryf, A., Schulz, T., 2003. Performances and experiences in terrestrial scanning. Proc. Optical 3D Measurement Techniques, 22-25 September, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 236-244. Kaab, A. and Funk, A., 1999. Modelling mass balance using photogrammetric and geophysical data: a pilot study at Griesgletscher, Swiss Alps. Journal of Glaciology, 45 (151), 575-583. Kerle, N., 2002. Volume estimation of the 1998 flank collapse at Casita volcano, Nicaragua - a comparison of photogrammetric and conventional techniques. Earth Surf Process Landforms 27, 759-771. Kraus, K., 1998. Fotogrammetria (Levrotto & Bella, Torino), pp. 445-496. Lanari, R., De Natale, G., Berardino, P., Sansosti, E., Riciardi, G.P., Borgstrom, S., Captano, P., Pingue, F., Troise, C., 2002. Evidence for a peculiar style of ground deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano. Geophysical Research Letters 29, 1025-1029. Bae Systems, 2006. SOCET SET User’s Manual, San Diego. Mora, P., Baldi, P., Casula, G., Fabris, M., Ghirotti, M., Mazzini, E., Pesci, A., 2003. Global Positioning Systems and digital photogrammetry for the monitoring of mass movements: application to the Ca’ di Malta landslide (northern Apennines, Italy). Engineering Geology 68, 103-121. Optech, 2005. Optech announces next-generation ILRIS-3D laser scanner, www.optech.ca/pdf/press/press_ilris_nextgen.pdf (last access: June 2005). Pesci, A., Baldi, P., Bedin, A., Casula, G., Cenni, N., Fabris, M., Loddo, F., Mora, P., Bacchetti, M., 2004. Digital elevation models for landslide evolution monitoring: application on two areas located in the Reno River Valley (Italy). Annals of Geophysics 47, 1339-1353. Pieraccini, M., Noferini, L., Mecatti, D., Macaluso, G., Atzeni, C., Teza, G., Galgaro, A., Zaltron, N., 2006. Radar interferometry and laser scanning for monitoring the stability of an alpine urban site. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 44 (9), 2335-2342. Pingue, F., Troise, C., De Luca, G., Grassi, V., Scarpa, R., 1998. Geodetic monitoring of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, based on EDM and GPS surveys. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 82, 151-160. Pingue, F., Berrino, G., Captano, P., Obrizzo, F., De Natale, G., Esposito, T., Serio, C., Tammaro, U., De Luca, G., Scarpa, R., Troise, C., Corrado, G., 2000. Ground deformation and gravimetric monitoring at Somma-Vesuvius and Campanian volcanic areas (Italy). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 25, 9-11, 747-754. Pyle, D.M., Elliott, J.R, 2006. Quantitative morphology, recent evolution and future activity of the Kameni islands volcano, Santorini, Greece, Geosphere 2 (5), 253-268. Rothacher, M., Beutler, G., Bock, H., Brockmann, E., Dach, R., Fridez, P., Gurtner, W., Hugentobler, U., , Ineichen, D., Johnson, J., Meindl, M., Mervart, L., Schaer, S., Springer, T., Weber, R., 2001. Bernese Gps Software Version 4.2, Edited By U. Hugentobler, S. Schaer And P. Fridez (On Line: Http://Www.Civil.Uwaterloo.Ca/Hydrology/Bernese/Bernese_4.2_Guide.Pdf). Schulz, T. and Ingensand, M., 2004. Influencing variables, precision and accuracy of terestrial laser scanners. INGEO 2004 and FIG Regional Central and Eastern European Conference of Engineering Surveying, Bratislava, Slovakia, November 11-13, 2004. Ventura, G., Vilardo, G., Bronzino, G., Gabriele, G., Nappi, R., Terranova, C., 2005. Geomorphological map of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex (Italy). Journal of Maps 30-37. Walker, J.P, Willgoose, G.R., 1999. On the effect of digital elevation model accuracy on hydrology and geomorphology. Water Resources Research 35 (7), 2259-2268. van Westen, C. J. and Lulie Getahun, F., 2003. Analyzing the evolution of the Tessina landslide using aerial photographs and digital elevation models. Geomorphology 54, 77–89.
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2076
doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.02.005
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container_title GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY
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spelling ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/2076 2023-05-15T16:57:39+02:00 Integration of ground-based laser scanner and aerial digital photogrammetry for topographic modelling Pesci, A. Fabris, M. Conforti, D. Loddo, F. Baldi, P. Anzidei, M. Pesci, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia Fabris, M.; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Settore Geofisica. Conforti, D.; Optech Inc Loddo, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia Baldi, P.; Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Settore Geofisica. Anzidei, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Settore Geofisica. Optech Inc Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione ONT, Roma, Italia 2007-02-23 5543888 bytes application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2076 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.02.005 en eng Elsevier Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 3-4/162 (2007) Achilli, V., Baldi, P., Baratin, L., Bonini, C., Ercolani, E., Gandolfi, S., Anzidei, M., Riguzzi, F., 1997. Digital photogrammetric survey on the island of Vulcano. Acta Vulcanologica 9 (2), 1-5. Akiyama, H. and Sasaki, S., 2002. Effects of rock coating on reflectance spectra of rock samples. Solar System Remote Sensing Symposium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 20-21, 2002. Baldi, P., Bonvalot, S., Briole, P., Marsella, M., 2000. Digital photogrammetry and kinematic GPS for monitoring volcanic areas. Geophysics Journal International 142 (3), 801-811. Baltsavias E.P., Favey E., Bauder A., Bosch H., Pateraki M., 2001. Digital surface modelling by airborne laser scanning and digital photogrammetry for glacier monitoring. Photogrammetric Record 17 (98), 243-273. Bergevin R., Soucy, M., Gagnon, H., Laurendeau, D., 1996. Towards a general multi-view registration technique. IEEE transaction on patterns analysis and machine intelligence 18, 540-547. Beutler, G., Hein, G.W., Melbourne, W.G., Seeber, G., 1995. GPS trends in precise terrestrial, airborne, and spaceborn applications, Int. Assoc. Geod. Symp. 115, 275-338. Bianco, F., Castellano, M., Milano, G., Ventura, G., Vilardo, G., 1998. The Somma-Vesuvius stress field induced by regional tectonics: evidenced from seismological and mesostructural data. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 82, 199–218. Boehler, W., Bordas Vicent, M., Marbs, A., 2003. Investigating laser scanner accuracy. XIXth CIPA SYMPOSIUM, Antalya, Turkey, 30 Sep. - 4 Oct. 2003. Butler, J.B., Lane, S.N., Chandler, J.H., 1998. Assessment of DEM quality for characterizing surface roughness using close range digital photogrammetry. Photogrammetric Record 16 (92), 271-291. Cioni, R., Santacroce, R., Sbrana, A., 1999. Pyroclastic deposits as a guide for reconstructing the multi-stage evolution of the Somma-Vesuvio Caldera. Bulletin of Volcanology 60, 207-222. Crosilla, F. and Galetto, R., 2004. La tecnica del laser scanning. Teoria ed Applicazioni. International Centre for mechanical sciences, Collana di Geodesia e Cartografia pp.184. Csatho, B., Schenk, T., Krabill, W., Wilson, T., Lyons, W., McKenzie, G., Hallam, C., Manizade, S., Paulsen, T., 2005. Airborne Laser Scanning for High-Resolution Mapping of Antarctica, EOS 86 (25), 21 June 2005. De Natale, G., Petrazzuoli, S. M., Troise, C., Pingue, F., Capuano, P., 2000. Internal stress field at Mount Vesuvius: a model for background seismicity at a central volcano. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 (16), 207-214. Florinsky, IV., 1998. Combined analysis of digital terrain models and remotely sensed data in landscape investigations. Progress in Physical Geography 22 (1), 33-60. Geoff, J., 2005. Understanding Laser Scanner terminology. Professional Surveyor Magazine, 22 – 28, February 2005. Hofman-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H., Collins, J., 1997. GPS Theory and Practice, edited by Spronger Verlag Wien, New York, 214-258. Lanari, R., De Natale, G., Berardino, P., Sansosti, E., Ricciardi, G.P., Borgstrom, S., Capuano, P., Pingue, F., Troise, C., 2002. Evidence for a peculiar style of ground deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano. Geophysical Research Letters 29 (9) 1010-1029. Fabris, M. and Pesci, A., 2005. Automated DEM extraction in digital aerial photogrammetry: precisions and validation for mass movement monitoring. Annals of Geophysics 48, 973-988. Fraser, C. S., Baltsavias, E., Gruen, A., 2002. Processing of Ikonos imagery for submetre 3D positioning and building extraction. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 56, 177-194. Fidera, A., Chapman, M.A., Hong, J., 2004. Terrestrial Lidar for industrial metrology applications: modeling, enhancement and reconstruction. XXth ISPRS congress, 12-23 July 2004, Istanbull, Turkey. Ingesand, H., Ryf, A., Schulz, T., 2003. Performances and experiences in terrestrial scanning. Proc. Optical 3D Measurement Techniques, 22-25 September, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 236-244. Kaab, A. and Funk, A., 1999. Modelling mass balance using photogrammetric and geophysical data: a pilot study at Griesgletscher, Swiss Alps. Journal of Glaciology, 45 (151), 575-583. Kerle, N., 2002. Volume estimation of the 1998 flank collapse at Casita volcano, Nicaragua - a comparison of photogrammetric and conventional techniques. Earth Surf Process Landforms 27, 759-771. Kraus, K., 1998. Fotogrammetria (Levrotto & Bella, Torino), pp. 445-496. Lanari, R., De Natale, G., Berardino, P., Sansosti, E., Riciardi, G.P., Borgstrom, S., Captano, P., Pingue, F., Troise, C., 2002. Evidence for a peculiar style of ground deformation inferred at Vesuvius volcano. Geophysical Research Letters 29, 1025-1029. Bae Systems, 2006. SOCET SET User’s Manual, San Diego. Mora, P., Baldi, P., Casula, G., Fabris, M., Ghirotti, M., Mazzini, E., Pesci, A., 2003. Global Positioning Systems and digital photogrammetry for the monitoring of mass movements: application to the Ca’ di Malta landslide (northern Apennines, Italy). Engineering Geology 68, 103-121. Optech, 2005. Optech announces next-generation ILRIS-3D laser scanner, www.optech.ca/pdf/press/press_ilris_nextgen.pdf (last access: June 2005). Pesci, A., Baldi, P., Bedin, A., Casula, G., Cenni, N., Fabris, M., Loddo, F., Mora, P., Bacchetti, M., 2004. Digital elevation models for landslide evolution monitoring: application on two areas located in the Reno River Valley (Italy). Annals of Geophysics 47, 1339-1353. Pieraccini, M., Noferini, L., Mecatti, D., Macaluso, G., Atzeni, C., Teza, G., Galgaro, A., Zaltron, N., 2006. Radar interferometry and laser scanning for monitoring the stability of an alpine urban site. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 44 (9), 2335-2342. Pingue, F., Troise, C., De Luca, G., Grassi, V., Scarpa, R., 1998. Geodetic monitoring of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, based on EDM and GPS surveys. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 82, 151-160. Pingue, F., Berrino, G., Captano, P., Obrizzo, F., De Natale, G., Esposito, T., Serio, C., Tammaro, U., De Luca, G., Scarpa, R., Troise, C., Corrado, G., 2000. Ground deformation and gravimetric monitoring at Somma-Vesuvius and Campanian volcanic areas (Italy). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 25, 9-11, 747-754. Pyle, D.M., Elliott, J.R, 2006. Quantitative morphology, recent evolution and future activity of the Kameni islands volcano, Santorini, Greece, Geosphere 2 (5), 253-268. Rothacher, M., Beutler, G., Bock, H., Brockmann, E., Dach, R., Fridez, P., Gurtner, W., Hugentobler, U., , Ineichen, D., Johnson, J., Meindl, M., Mervart, L., Schaer, S., Springer, T., Weber, R., 2001. Bernese Gps Software Version 4.2, Edited By U. Hugentobler, S. Schaer And P. Fridez (On Line: Http://Www.Civil.Uwaterloo.Ca/Hydrology/Bernese/Bernese_4.2_Guide.Pdf). Schulz, T. and Ingensand, M., 2004. Influencing variables, precision and accuracy of terestrial laser scanners. INGEO 2004 and FIG Regional Central and Eastern European Conference of Engineering Surveying, Bratislava, Slovakia, November 11-13, 2004. Ventura, G., Vilardo, G., Bronzino, G., Gabriele, G., Nappi, R., Terranova, C., 2005. Geomorphological map of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex (Italy). Journal of Maps 30-37. Walker, J.P, Willgoose, G.R., 1999. On the effect of digital elevation model accuracy on hydrology and geomorphology. Water Resources Research 35 (7), 2259-2268. van Westen, C. J. and Lulie Getahun, F., 2003. Analyzing the evolution of the Tessina landslide using aerial photographs and digital elevation models. Geomorphology 54, 77–89. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2076 doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.02.005 restricted Vesuvio TLS aerial digital photogrammetry models integration 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring article 2007 ftingv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.02.005 2022-07-29T06:04:20Z This work deals with the integration of different surveying methodologies for the definition of very accurate Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and/or Digital Surface Models (DSM): in particular, the aerial digital photogrammetry and the terrestrial laser scanning were used to survey the Vesuvio volcano, allowing the total coverage of the internal cone and surroundings (the whole surveyed area was about 3 km×3 km). The possibility to reach a very high precision, especially from the laser scanner data set, allowed a detailed description of the morphology of the volcano. The comparisons of models obtained in repeated surveys allow a detailed map of residuals providing a data set that can be used for detailed studies of the morphological evolution. Moreover, the reflectivity information, highly correlated to materials properties, allows for the measurement and quantification of some morphological variations in areas where structural discontinuities and displacements are present. Published 123-138 JCR Journal partially_open Article in Journal/Newspaper Journal of Glaciology Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 11 1 38 50