The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador
The Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption from Ilopango volcano deposited thick ash over much of El Salvador when it was inhabited by the Maya, and rendered all areas within at least 80 km of the volcano uninhabitable for years to decades after the eruption. Nonetheless, the more widespread environment...
Published in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
National Academy of Sciences
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2122/14027 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003008117 |
id |
ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/14027 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/14027 2023-11-12T04:08:36+01:00 The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador Smith, Victoria C. Costa, Antonio Aguirre-Diaz, Gerardo Pedrazzi, Dario Scifo, Andrea Plunkett, Gill Poret, Matthieu Tournigand, Pierre-Yves Miles, Dan Dee, Michael W McConnell, Joseph Sunye Puchol, Ivan Dávila Harris, Pablo Sigl, Michael Pilcher, Jonathan R Chellman, Nathan Gutierrez, Eduardo University of Oxford Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# 2020 http://hdl.handle.net/2122/14027 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003008117 en eng National Academy of Sciences Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 42/117 (2020) 1091-6490 http://hdl.handle.net/2122/14027 doi:10.1073/pnas.2003008117 restricted Maya eruption dispersal large volcanic eruptions radiocarbon sulfate article 2020 ftingv https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003008117 2023-10-31T23:26:25Z The Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption from Ilopango volcano deposited thick ash over much of El Salvador when it was inhabited by the Maya, and rendered all areas within at least 80 km of the volcano uninhabitable for years to decades after the eruption. Nonetheless, the more widespread environmental and climatic impacts of this large eruption are not well known because the eruption magnitude and date are not well constrained. In this multifaceted study we have resolved the date of the eruption to 431 ± 2 CE by identifying the ash layer in a well-dated, high-resolution Greenland ice-core record that is >7,000 km from Ilopango; and calculated that between 37 and 82 km3 of magma was dispersed from an eruption coignimbrite column that rose to ∼45 km by modeling the deposit thickness using state-of-the-art tephra dispersal methods. Sulfate records from an array of ice cores suggest stratospheric injection of 14 ± 2 Tg S associated with the TBJ eruption, exceeding those of the historic eruption of Pinatubo in 1991. Based on these estimates it is likely that the TBJ eruption produced a cooling of around 0.5 °C for a few years after the eruption. The modeled dispersal and higher sulfate concentrations recorded in Antarctic ice cores imply that the cooling would have been more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere. The new date confirms the eruption occurred within the Early Classic phase when Maya expanded across Central America. Published 26061-26068 1V. Storia eruttiva JCR Journal Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Greenland Greenland ice core ice core Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) Antarctic Greenland Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 42 26061 26068 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) |
op_collection_id |
ftingv |
language |
English |
topic |
Maya eruption dispersal large volcanic eruptions radiocarbon sulfate |
spellingShingle |
Maya eruption dispersal large volcanic eruptions radiocarbon sulfate Smith, Victoria C. Costa, Antonio Aguirre-Diaz, Gerardo Pedrazzi, Dario Scifo, Andrea Plunkett, Gill Poret, Matthieu Tournigand, Pierre-Yves Miles, Dan Dee, Michael W McConnell, Joseph Sunye Puchol, Ivan Dávila Harris, Pablo Sigl, Michael Pilcher, Jonathan R Chellman, Nathan Gutierrez, Eduardo The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador |
topic_facet |
Maya eruption dispersal large volcanic eruptions radiocarbon sulfate |
description |
The Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption from Ilopango volcano deposited thick ash over much of El Salvador when it was inhabited by the Maya, and rendered all areas within at least 80 km of the volcano uninhabitable for years to decades after the eruption. Nonetheless, the more widespread environmental and climatic impacts of this large eruption are not well known because the eruption magnitude and date are not well constrained. In this multifaceted study we have resolved the date of the eruption to 431 ± 2 CE by identifying the ash layer in a well-dated, high-resolution Greenland ice-core record that is >7,000 km from Ilopango; and calculated that between 37 and 82 km3 of magma was dispersed from an eruption coignimbrite column that rose to ∼45 km by modeling the deposit thickness using state-of-the-art tephra dispersal methods. Sulfate records from an array of ice cores suggest stratospheric injection of 14 ± 2 Tg S associated with the TBJ eruption, exceeding those of the historic eruption of Pinatubo in 1991. Based on these estimates it is likely that the TBJ eruption produced a cooling of around 0.5 °C for a few years after the eruption. The modeled dispersal and higher sulfate concentrations recorded in Antarctic ice cores imply that the cooling would have been more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere. The new date confirms the eruption occurred within the Early Classic phase when Maya expanded across Central America. Published 26061-26068 1V. Storia eruttiva JCR Journal |
author2 |
University of Oxford Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Smith, Victoria C. Costa, Antonio Aguirre-Diaz, Gerardo Pedrazzi, Dario Scifo, Andrea Plunkett, Gill Poret, Matthieu Tournigand, Pierre-Yves Miles, Dan Dee, Michael W McConnell, Joseph Sunye Puchol, Ivan Dávila Harris, Pablo Sigl, Michael Pilcher, Jonathan R Chellman, Nathan Gutierrez, Eduardo |
author_facet |
Smith, Victoria C. Costa, Antonio Aguirre-Diaz, Gerardo Pedrazzi, Dario Scifo, Andrea Plunkett, Gill Poret, Matthieu Tournigand, Pierre-Yves Miles, Dan Dee, Michael W McConnell, Joseph Sunye Puchol, Ivan Dávila Harris, Pablo Sigl, Michael Pilcher, Jonathan R Chellman, Nathan Gutierrez, Eduardo |
author_sort |
Smith, Victoria C. |
title |
The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador |
title_short |
The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador |
title_full |
The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador |
title_fullStr |
The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador |
title_full_unstemmed |
The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador |
title_sort |
magnitude and impact of the 431 ce tierra blanca joven eruption of ilopango, el salvador |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/14027 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003008117 |
geographic |
Antarctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Greenland Greenland ice core ice core |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Greenland Greenland ice core ice core |
op_relation |
Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 42/117 (2020) 1091-6490 http://hdl.handle.net/2122/14027 doi:10.1073/pnas.2003008117 |
op_rights |
restricted |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003008117 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
117 |
container_issue |
42 |
container_start_page |
26061 |
op_container_end_page |
26068 |
_version_ |
1782328848902258688 |