A global synthesis of lava lake dynamics
Active lava lakes represent a variety of open-vent volcanism in which a sizable body of lava accumulates at the top of the magma column, constrained by the vent and/or crater geometry. The longevity of lava lakes reflects a balancing of cooling and outgassing occurring at the surface and input of ho...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Other Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2122/13513 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.volgeores.2019.04.010 |
id |
ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/13513 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/13513 2023-05-15T14:01:37+02:00 A global synthesis of lava lake dynamics Lev, Einat Ruprecht, Philipp Oppenheimer, Clive Peters, Nial Patrick, Matt Hernandez, Pedro A. Spampinato, Letizia Marlow, Jeffrey Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA University of Nevada - Reno, Reno, NV, USA University of Cambridge, UK U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, USA Instituto Tecnologico de Energias Renovables de Tenerife (ITER), Spain Instituto Volcanologico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Spain Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione OE, Catania, Italia Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 2019-05-24 http://hdl.handle.net/2122/13513 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.volgeores.2019.04.010 en eng Elsevier Journal of Volcanology and Geotherma Research /381 (2019) http://hdl.handle.net/2122/13513 doi:10.1016/j.volgeores.2019.04.010 restricted article 2019 ftingv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.volgeores.2019.04.010 2022-07-29T06:08:05Z Active lava lakes represent a variety of open-vent volcanism in which a sizable body of lava accumulates at the top of the magma column, constrained by the vent and/or crater geometry. The longevity of lava lakes reflects a balancing of cooling and outgassing occurring at the surface and input of hot and gas-rich magma from below. Due to their longevity and relative accessibility, lava lakes provide a natural laboratory for studying fundamental volcanic processes such as degassing, convection and cooling. This article examines all seven lakes that existed at the time of writing in 2018, located in the Pacific, Antarctica, Africa, and South and Central America. These lakes span all tectonic environments, and a range of magma compositions. We focus on analysis of the lake surface motion using image velocimetry, which reveals both similarities and contrasts in outgassing and lake dynamics when comparing the different lakes. We identify two categories of lake behavior: Organized (Erta’Ale, Nyiragongo, Kīlauea after 2011, and Erebus) and Chaotic (Villarrica, Masaya, Marum). This division does not map directly to lake size, viscosity, gas emission rate, or temperature. Instead, when examined together, we find that the lakes follow a linear relationship between average surface speed and the ratio of total gas flux to lake surface area. This relationship points to the combined importance of both flux and lake size in addition to the total volume of gas emission, and suggests that a shared deep mechanism controls the supply of heat and gas to all lakes. On the other hand, the differences between Chaotic and Organized lakes highlight the important role of the geometry of the conduit-lake transition, which superimposes a shallow signal on that of the deep circulation. The spatial patterns of surface motion we document suggest that the release of gas bubbles at Chaotic lakes is more efficient (i.e., bubbles are less likely to be retained and recycled) compared with Organized lakes. In addition, the data presented here ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) Lava Lake ENVELOPE(-128.996,-128.996,55.046,55.046) Lava Lakes ENVELOPE(-130.904,-130.904,56.433,56.433) Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) |
op_collection_id |
ftingv |
language |
English |
description |
Active lava lakes represent a variety of open-vent volcanism in which a sizable body of lava accumulates at the top of the magma column, constrained by the vent and/or crater geometry. The longevity of lava lakes reflects a balancing of cooling and outgassing occurring at the surface and input of hot and gas-rich magma from below. Due to their longevity and relative accessibility, lava lakes provide a natural laboratory for studying fundamental volcanic processes such as degassing, convection and cooling. This article examines all seven lakes that existed at the time of writing in 2018, located in the Pacific, Antarctica, Africa, and South and Central America. These lakes span all tectonic environments, and a range of magma compositions. We focus on analysis of the lake surface motion using image velocimetry, which reveals both similarities and contrasts in outgassing and lake dynamics when comparing the different lakes. We identify two categories of lake behavior: Organized (Erta’Ale, Nyiragongo, Kīlauea after 2011, and Erebus) and Chaotic (Villarrica, Masaya, Marum). This division does not map directly to lake size, viscosity, gas emission rate, or temperature. Instead, when examined together, we find that the lakes follow a linear relationship between average surface speed and the ratio of total gas flux to lake surface area. This relationship points to the combined importance of both flux and lake size in addition to the total volume of gas emission, and suggests that a shared deep mechanism controls the supply of heat and gas to all lakes. On the other hand, the differences between Chaotic and Organized lakes highlight the important role of the geometry of the conduit-lake transition, which superimposes a shallow signal on that of the deep circulation. The spatial patterns of surface motion we document suggest that the release of gas bubbles at Chaotic lakes is more efficient (i.e., bubbles are less likely to be retained and recycled) compared with Organized lakes. In addition, the data presented here ... |
author2 |
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA University of Nevada - Reno, Reno, NV, USA University of Cambridge, UK U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, USA Instituto Tecnologico de Energias Renovables de Tenerife (ITER), Spain Instituto Volcanologico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Spain Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione OE, Catania, Italia Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lev, Einat Ruprecht, Philipp Oppenheimer, Clive Peters, Nial Patrick, Matt Hernandez, Pedro A. Spampinato, Letizia Marlow, Jeffrey |
spellingShingle |
Lev, Einat Ruprecht, Philipp Oppenheimer, Clive Peters, Nial Patrick, Matt Hernandez, Pedro A. Spampinato, Letizia Marlow, Jeffrey A global synthesis of lava lake dynamics |
author_facet |
Lev, Einat Ruprecht, Philipp Oppenheimer, Clive Peters, Nial Patrick, Matt Hernandez, Pedro A. Spampinato, Letizia Marlow, Jeffrey |
author_sort |
Lev, Einat |
title |
A global synthesis of lava lake dynamics |
title_short |
A global synthesis of lava lake dynamics |
title_full |
A global synthesis of lava lake dynamics |
title_fullStr |
A global synthesis of lava lake dynamics |
title_full_unstemmed |
A global synthesis of lava lake dynamics |
title_sort |
global synthesis of lava lake dynamics |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/13513 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.volgeores.2019.04.010 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-128.996,-128.996,55.046,55.046) ENVELOPE(-130.904,-130.904,56.433,56.433) |
geographic |
Lava Lake Lava Lakes Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Lava Lake Lava Lakes Pacific |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_relation |
Journal of Volcanology and Geotherma Research /381 (2019) http://hdl.handle.net/2122/13513 doi:10.1016/j.volgeores.2019.04.010 |
op_rights |
restricted |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.volgeores.2019.04.010 |
_version_ |
1766271577229361152 |