Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 variations in the early to mid-Miocene

Geological records from the Antarctic margin offer direct evidence of environmental variability at high southern latitudes and provide insight regarding ice sheet sensitivity to past climate change. The early to mid-Miocene (23-14 Mya) is a compelling interval to study as global temperatures and atm...

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Published in:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Main Authors:	Levy, Richard, Harwood, David, Florindo, Fabio, Sangiorgi, Francesca, Tripati, Robert, von Eynatten, Hilmar, Gasson, Edward, Kuhn, Gerhard, Tripati, Aradhna, DeConto, Robert, Fielding, Christopher, Field, Brad, Golledge, Nicholas, McKay, Robert, Naish, Timothy, Olney, Matthew, Pollard, David, Schouten, Stefan, Talarico, Franco, Warny, Sophie, Willmott, Veronica, Acton, Gary, Panter, Kurt, Paulsen, Timothy, Taviani, Marco, Montone, Paola, Del Carlo, Paola, Pierdominici, Simona, Sagnotti, Leonardo
Other Authors:	#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione AC, Roma, Italia, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia
Format:	Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	Antarctica Climate Optimum Ross Sea Miocene Antarctic The Antarctic Antarc* Arctic Ice Sheet The Cryosphere
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/2122/12220 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516030113

id	ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/12220
record_format	openpolar
institution	Open Polar
collection	Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia)
op_collection_id	ftingv
language	English
topic	Antarctica Climate Optimum Ross Sea Miocene
spellingShingle	Antarctica Climate Optimum Ross Sea Miocene Levy, Richard Harwood, David Florindo, Fabio Sangiorgi, Francesca Tripati, Robert von Eynatten, Hilmar Gasson, Edward Kuhn, Gerhard Tripati, Aradhna DeConto, Robert Fielding, Christopher Field, Brad Golledge, Nicholas McKay, Robert Naish, Timothy Olney, Matthew Pollard, David Schouten, Stefan Talarico, Franco Warny, Sophie Willmott, Veronica Acton, Gary Panter, Kurt Paulsen, Timothy Taviani, Marco Montone, Paola Del Carlo, Paola Pierdominici, Simona Sagnotti, Leonardo Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 variations in the early to mid-Miocene
topic_facet	Antarctica Climate Optimum Ross Sea Miocene
description	Geological records from the Antarctic margin offer direct evidence of environmental variability at high southern latitudes and provide insight regarding ice sheet sensitivity to past climate change. The early to mid-Miocene (23-14 Mya) is a compelling interval to study as global temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations were similar to those projected for coming centuries. Importantly, this time interval includes the Miocene Climatic Optimum, a period of global warmth during which average surface temperatures were 3-4 °C higher than today. Miocene sediments in the ANDRILL-2A drill core from the Western Ross Sea, Antarctica, indicate that the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) was highly variable through this key time interval. A multiproxy dataset derived from the core identifies four distinct environmental motifs based on changes in sedimentary facies, fossil assemblages, geochemistry, and paleotemperature. Four major disconformities in the drill core coincide with regional seismic discontinuities and reflect transient expansion of grounded ice across the Ross Sea. They correlate with major positive shifts in benthic oxygen isotope records and generally coincide with intervals when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were at or below preindustrial levels (∼280 ppm). Five intervals reflect ice sheet minima and air temperatures warm enough for substantial ice mass loss during episodes of high (∼500 ppm) atmospheric CO2 These new drill core data and associated ice sheet modeling experiments indicate that polar climate and the AIS were highly sensitive to relatively small changes in atmospheric CO2 during the early to mid-Miocene. Published 3453–3458 5A. Paleoclima e ricerche polari JCR Journal
author2	#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione AC, Roma, Italia Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia
format	Article in Journal/Newspaper
author	Levy, Richard Harwood, David Florindo, Fabio Sangiorgi, Francesca Tripati, Robert von Eynatten, Hilmar Gasson, Edward Kuhn, Gerhard Tripati, Aradhna DeConto, Robert Fielding, Christopher Field, Brad Golledge, Nicholas McKay, Robert Naish, Timothy Olney, Matthew Pollard, David Schouten, Stefan Talarico, Franco Warny, Sophie Willmott, Veronica Acton, Gary Panter, Kurt Paulsen, Timothy Taviani, Marco Montone, Paola Del Carlo, Paola Pierdominici, Simona Sagnotti, Leonardo
author_facet	Levy, Richard Harwood, David Florindo, Fabio Sangiorgi, Francesca Tripati, Robert von Eynatten, Hilmar Gasson, Edward Kuhn, Gerhard Tripati, Aradhna DeConto, Robert Fielding, Christopher Field, Brad Golledge, Nicholas McKay, Robert Naish, Timothy Olney, Matthew Pollard, David Schouten, Stefan Talarico, Franco Warny, Sophie Willmott, Veronica Acton, Gary Panter, Kurt Paulsen, Timothy Taviani, Marco Montone, Paola Del Carlo, Paola Pierdominici, Simona Sagnotti, Leonardo
author_sort	Levy, Richard
title	Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 variations in the early to mid-Miocene
title_short	Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 variations in the early to mid-Miocene
title_full	Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 variations in the early to mid-Miocene
title_fullStr	Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 variations in the early to mid-Miocene
title_full_unstemmed	Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 variations in the early to mid-Miocene
title_sort	antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric co2 variations in the early to mid-miocene
publishDate	2016
url	http://hdl.handle.net/2122/12220 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516030113
geographic	Antarctic Ross Sea The Antarctic
geographic_facet	Antarctic Ross Sea The Antarctic
genre	Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Ice Sheet Ross Sea The Cryosphere
genre_facet	Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Ice Sheet Ross Sea The Cryosphere
op_relation	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 13/113 (2016) 1. IPCC (2013) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fifth Assessment Report Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK). 2. Meinshausen M, et al. (2011) The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300. Clim Change 109(1-2):213–241. 3. Badger MPS, et al. (2013) CO2 drawdown following the middle Miocene expansion of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Paleoceanography 28(1):42–53. 4. Greenop R, Foster GL, Wilson PA, Lear CH (2014) Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability. Paleoceanography 29(9):2014PA002653. 5. Foster GL, Lear CH, Rae JWB (2012) The evolution of pCO2, ice volume and climate during the middle Miocene. Earth Planet Sci Lett 341–344(0):243–254. 6. Zhang YG, Pagani M, Liu Z, Bohaty SM, DeConto R (2013) A 40-million-year history of atmospheric CO2. Philo Trans R Soc A: Math Phys Engineer Sci 371(2001):1–20. 7. Kürschner WM, Kvaˇcek Z, Dilcher DL (2008) The impact of Miocene atmospheric carbon dioxide fluctuations on climate and the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(2):449–453. 8. Retallack GJ (2009) Greenhouse crises of the past 300 million years. Geol Soc Am Bull 121(9-10):1441–1455. 9. Ekart DD, Cerling TE, Montanez IP, Tabor NJ (1999) A 400 million year carbon isotope record of pedogenic carbonate: Implications for paleoatomospheric carbon dioxide. Am J Sci 299(10):805–827. 10. You Y, Huber M, Müller RD, Poulsen CJ, Ribbe J (2009) Simulation of the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum. Geophys Res Lett 36(4):1–5. 11. Herold N, Seton M, Müller RD, You Y, Huber M (2008) Middle Miocene tectonic boundary conditions for use in climate models. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 9(10): Q10009.12. Herold N, Huber M, Müller RD (2011) Modeling the Miocene Climatic Optimum. Part I: Land and atmosphere*. J Clim 24(24):6353–6372. 13. Herold N, Huber M, Müller RD, SetonM(2012) Modeling the Miocene climatic optimum: Ocean circulation. Paleoceanography 27(1):PA1209. 14. Holbourn A, et al. (2014) Middle Miocene climate cooling linked to intensification of eastern equatorial Pacific upwelling. Geology 42(1):19–22. 15. Holbourn A, Kuhnt W, Kochhann KGD, Andersen N, Sebastian Meier KJ (2015) Global perturbation of the carbon cycle at the onset of the Miocene Climatic Optimum. Geology 43(2):123–126. 16. Flower BP, Kennett JP (1993) Middle Miocene ocean-climate transition; high-resolution oxygen and carbon isotopic records from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 588A, Southwest Pacific. Paleoceanography 8(6):811–843. 17. Shevenell AE, Kennett JP, Lea DW (2008) Middle Miocene ice sheet dynamics, deepsea temperatures, and carbon cycling: A Southern Ocean perspective. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 9(2):Q02006. 18. Woodruff F, Savin S (1991) Mid-Miocene isotope stratigraphy in the deep sea: High-resolution correlations, paleoclimatic cycles, and sediment preservation. Paleoceanography 6(6):755–806. 19. Miller KG, Wright JD, Faribanks RG (1991) Unlocking the ice house: Oligocene-Miocene oxygen isotopes, eustasy, and margin erosion. J Geophys Res 96(B4):6829–6848. 20. John CM, et al. (2011) Timing and magnitude of Miocene eustasy derived from the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate stratigraphic record of the northeastern Australian margin. Earth Planet Sci Lett 304(3–4):455–467. 21. Kominz MA, et al. (2008) Late Cretaceous to Miocene sea-level estimates from the New Jersey and Delaware coastal plaoin coreholes: An error analysis. Basin Res 20: 211–226. 22. Fretwell P, et al. (2013) Bedmap2: Improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica. The Cryosphere 7(1):375–393. 23. Harwood D, Florindo F, Talarico F, Levy RH, eds (2008–2009) Studies from the ANDRILL Southern McMurdo Sound Project, Antarctica. Initial Science Report on AND-2A. Terra Antartica 15(1):235. 24. Fielding CR, Whittaker J, Henrys SA, Wilson TJ, Naish TR (2008) Seismic facies and stratigraphy of the Cenozoic succession in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Implications for tectonic, climatic and glacial history. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 260(1):8–29. 25. Gasson E, DeConto RM, Pollard D, Levy RH (2016) Dynamic Antarctic ice sheet during the early to mid-Miocene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:3459–3464. 26. Passchier S, et al. (2011) Early and middle Miocene Antarctic glacial history from the sedimentary facies distribution in the AND-2A drill hole, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Geol Soc Am Bull 123(11-12):2352–2365. 27. Fielding CR, et al. (2011) Sequence stratigraphy of the ANDRILL AND-2A drillcore, Antarctica: A long-term, ice-proximal record of Early to Mid-Miocene climate, sealevel and glacial dynamism. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 305(1-4):337–351. 28. Passchier S, Falk CJ, Florindo F (2013) Orbitally paced shifts in the particle size of Antarctic continental shelf sediments in response to ice dynamics during the Miocene climatic optimum. Geosphere 9(1):54–62. 29. Beu A, Taviani M (2013) Early Miocene Mollusca from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (ANDRILL 2A drill core), with a review of Antarctic Oligocene and Neogene Pectinidae (Bivalvia). Palaeontology 57(2):299–342. 30. Patterson MO, Ishman SE (2012) Neogene benthic foraminiferal assemblages and paleoenvironmental record for McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Geosphere 8(6): 1331–1341. 31. Feakins SJ, Warny S, Lee J-E (2012) Hydrologic cycling over Antarctica during the middle Miocene warming. Nat Geosci 5(8):557–560. 32. Warny S, et al. 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spelling	ftingv:oai:www.earth-prints.org:2122/12220 2023-05-15T14:01:37+02:00 Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 variations in the early to mid-Miocene Levy, Richard Harwood, David Florindo, Fabio Sangiorgi, Francesca Tripati, Robert von Eynatten, Hilmar Gasson, Edward Kuhn, Gerhard Tripati, Aradhna DeConto, Robert Fielding, Christopher Field, Brad Golledge, Nicholas McKay, Robert Naish, Timothy Olney, Matthew Pollard, David Schouten, Stefan Talarico, Franco Warny, Sophie Willmott, Veronica Acton, Gary Panter, Kurt Paulsen, Timothy Taviani, Marco Montone, Paola Del Carlo, Paola Pierdominici, Simona Sagnotti, Leonardo #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione AC, Roma, Italia Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia 2016-03-29 http://hdl.handle.net/2122/12220 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516030113 en eng Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 13/113 (2016) 1. IPCC (2013) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fifth Assessment Report Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK). 2. Meinshausen M, et al. (2011) The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300. Clim Change 109(1-2):213–241. 3. Badger MPS, et al. (2013) CO2 drawdown following the middle Miocene expansion of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Paleoceanography 28(1):42–53. 4. Greenop R, Foster GL, Wilson PA, Lear CH (2014) Middle Miocene climate instability associated with high-amplitude CO2 variability. Paleoceanography 29(9):2014PA002653. 5. Foster GL, Lear CH, Rae JWB (2012) The evolution of pCO2, ice volume and climate during the middle Miocene. Earth Planet Sci Lett 341–344(0):243–254. 6. Zhang YG, Pagani M, Liu Z, Bohaty SM, DeConto R (2013) A 40-million-year history of atmospheric CO2. Philo Trans R Soc A: Math Phys Engineer Sci 371(2001):1–20. 7. Kürschner WM, Kvaˇcek Z, Dilcher DL (2008) The impact of Miocene atmospheric carbon dioxide fluctuations on climate and the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(2):449–453. 8. Retallack GJ (2009) Greenhouse crises of the past 300 million years. Geol Soc Am Bull 121(9-10):1441–1455. 9. Ekart DD, Cerling TE, Montanez IP, Tabor NJ (1999) A 400 million year carbon isotope record of pedogenic carbonate: Implications for paleoatomospheric carbon dioxide. Am J Sci 299(10):805–827. 10. You Y, Huber M, Müller RD, Poulsen CJ, Ribbe J (2009) Simulation of the Middle Miocene Climate Optimum. Geophys Res Lett 36(4):1–5. 11. Herold N, Seton M, Müller RD, You Y, Huber M (2008) Middle Miocene tectonic boundary conditions for use in climate models. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 9(10): Q10009.12. Herold N, Huber M, Müller RD (2011) Modeling the Miocene Climatic Optimum. Part I: Land and atmosphere. J Clim 24(24):6353–6372. 13. Herold N, Huber M, Müller RD, SetonM(2012) Modeling the Miocene climatic optimum: Ocean circulation. Paleoceanography 27(1):PA1209. 14. Holbourn A, et al. (2014) Middle Miocene climate cooling linked to intensification of eastern equatorial Pacific upwelling. Geology 42(1):19–22. 15. Holbourn A, Kuhnt W, Kochhann KGD, Andersen N, Sebastian Meier KJ (2015) Global perturbation of the carbon cycle at the onset of the Miocene Climatic Optimum. Geology 43(2):123–126. 16. Flower BP, Kennett JP (1993) Middle Miocene ocean-climate transition; high-resolution oxygen and carbon isotopic records from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 588A, Southwest Pacific. Paleoceanography 8(6):811–843. 17. Shevenell AE, Kennett JP, Lea DW (2008) Middle Miocene ice sheet dynamics, deepsea temperatures, and carbon cycling: A Southern Ocean perspective. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 9(2):Q02006. 18. Woodruff F, Savin S (1991) Mid-Miocene isotope stratigraphy in the deep sea: High-resolution correlations, paleoclimatic cycles, and sediment preservation. Paleoceanography 6(6):755–806. 19. Miller KG, Wright JD, Faribanks RG (1991) Unlocking the ice house: Oligocene-Miocene oxygen isotopes, eustasy, and margin erosion. J Geophys Res 96(B4):6829–6848. 20. John CM, et al. (2011) Timing and magnitude of Miocene eustasy derived from the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate stratigraphic record of the northeastern Australian margin. Earth Planet Sci Lett 304(3–4):455–467. 21. Kominz MA, et al. (2008) Late Cretaceous to Miocene sea-level estimates from the New Jersey and Delaware coastal plaoin coreholes: An error analysis. Basin Res 20: 211–226. 22. Fretwell P, et al. (2013) Bedmap2: Improved ice bed, surface and thickness datasets for Antarctica. The Cryosphere 7(1):375–393. 23. Harwood D, Florindo F, Talarico F, Levy RH, eds (2008–2009) Studies from the ANDRILL Southern McMurdo Sound Project, Antarctica. Initial Science Report on AND-2A. Terra Antartica 15(1):235. 24. Fielding CR, Whittaker J, Henrys SA, Wilson TJ, Naish TR (2008) Seismic facies and stratigraphy of the Cenozoic succession in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Implications for tectonic, climatic and glacial history. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 260(1):8–29. 25. Gasson E, DeConto RM, Pollard D, Levy RH (2016) Dynamic Antarctic ice sheet during the early to mid-Miocene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 113:3459–3464. 26. Passchier S, et al. (2011) Early and middle Miocene Antarctic glacial history from the sedimentary facies distribution in the AND-2A drill hole, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Geol Soc Am Bull 123(11-12):2352–2365. 27. Fielding CR, et al. 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Clim Past 7(3):869–880. 1091-6490 http://hdl.handle.net/2122/12220 doi:10.1073/pnas.1516030113 open Antarctica Climate Optimum Ross Sea Miocene article 2016 ftingv https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516030113 https://doi.org/10.1130/B31319.1. 2022-07-29T06:07:12Z Geological records from the Antarctic margin offer direct evidence of environmental variability at high southern latitudes and provide insight regarding ice sheet sensitivity to past climate change. The early to mid-Miocene (23-14 Mya) is a compelling interval to study as global temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations were similar to those projected for coming centuries. Importantly, this time interval includes the Miocene Climatic Optimum, a period of global warmth during which average surface temperatures were 3-4 °C higher than today. Miocene sediments in the ANDRILL-2A drill core from the Western Ross Sea, Antarctica, indicate that the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) was highly variable through this key time interval. A multiproxy dataset derived from the core identifies four distinct environmental motifs based on changes in sedimentary facies, fossil assemblages, geochemistry, and paleotemperature. Four major disconformities in the drill core coincide with regional seismic discontinuities and reflect transient expansion of grounded ice across the Ross Sea. They correlate with major positive shifts in benthic oxygen isotope records and generally coincide with intervals when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were at or below preindustrial levels (∼280 ppm). Five intervals reflect ice sheet minima and air temperatures warm enough for substantial ice mass loss during episodes of high (∼500 ppm) atmospheric CO2 These new drill core data and associated ice sheet modeling experiments indicate that polar climate and the AIS were highly sensitive to relatively small changes in atmospheric CO2 during the early to mid-Miocene. Published 3453–3458 5A. Paleoclima e ricerche polari JCR Journal Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Ice Sheet Ross Sea The Cryosphere Earth-Prints (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) Antarctic Ross Sea The Antarctic Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 13 3453 3458

Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity to atmospheric CO2 variations in the early to mid-Miocene

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