Quaternary Geology of the Indiana Portion of the Eastern Extent of the South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle
The Quaternary Geology of the eastern South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle in Indiana represents landforms and near-surface sediments deposited during the Wisconsin Episode, Late Pleistocene. Sediments and landforms reflect the interplay between the Saginaw and Michigan Lobes of the Laurentide Ice...
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Indiana Geological and Water Survey
2021
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ftindianausw:oai:ojs.scholarworks.iu.edu:article/31698 2023-05-15T16:41:23+02:00 Quaternary Geology of the Indiana Portion of the Eastern Extent of the South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle Antinao, Jose Luis Rupp, Robin 2021-04-07 application/pdf https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/IJES/article/view/31698 https://doi.org/10.14434/ijes.v3i1.31698 eng eng Indiana Geological and Water Survey https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/IJES/article/view/31698/36082 https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/IJES/article/view/31698/36944 https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/IJES/article/view/31698 doi:10.14434/ijes.v3i1.31698 Copyright (c) 2021 Jose Luis Antinao, Robin Rupp Indiana Journal of Earth Sciences; Vol. 3 (2021) 2642-1550 Late Pleistocene Holocene Indiana South Bend Lake Michigan Lobe info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2021 ftindianausw https://doi.org/10.14434/ijes.v3i1.31698 2022-07-28T20:55:02Z The Quaternary Geology of the eastern South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle in Indiana represents landforms and near-surface sediments deposited during the Wisconsin Episode, Late Pleistocene. Sediments and landforms reflect the interplay between the Saginaw and Michigan Lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. A relatively shallow, buried pre-Wisconsin and mid-Wisconsin morphology has been overridden by advances leading to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), ca. 24 ka. Between 24 and 17 ka, retreating ice fronts from the Michigan Lobe left a succession of ice-contact sediment ramps and associated pitted and collapsed fan-moraine complexes throughout the south and west of the map area. A sequence of stacked diamicton and sand and gravel fan heads appears at the hinged interlobate area north and northeast of South Bend. Ice margin positions are marked by distinct features like fans, kames and ice-walled lake plains, which are well developed on Michigan Lobe margins. The thicker glaciofluvial sand and gravel packages appear mostly interbedded with diamicton beds along fan heads, with relatively minor deposits in valley train units. Lowlands are mostly occupied by post-LGM (ca. 18 ka) valley-train outwash deposits, with interpreted flow toward the south and west, derived from an ice margin retreating first from south to north, near Mishawaka, then from southeast to northwest across the Kankakee valley. Sand and gravel colluvial and alluvial fans developed in a short span after ice retreated, along with incision of the ice-sculpted morphology. Late-glacial aeolian sand dunes sealed the landscape. Relatively minor modification of the landscape during the Holocene is indicated by alluvial and palustrine deposits. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Sheet IUScholarWorks Journals (Indiana University) Bend Lake ENVELOPE(-130.016,-130.016,58.909,58.909) Quadrangle ENVELOPE(-68.578,-68.578,-71.577,-71.577) Indiana Journal of Earth Sciences 3 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
IUScholarWorks Journals (Indiana University) |
op_collection_id |
ftindianausw |
language |
English |
topic |
Late Pleistocene Holocene Indiana South Bend Lake Michigan Lobe |
spellingShingle |
Late Pleistocene Holocene Indiana South Bend Lake Michigan Lobe Antinao, Jose Luis Rupp, Robin Quaternary Geology of the Indiana Portion of the Eastern Extent of the South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle |
topic_facet |
Late Pleistocene Holocene Indiana South Bend Lake Michigan Lobe |
description |
The Quaternary Geology of the eastern South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle in Indiana represents landforms and near-surface sediments deposited during the Wisconsin Episode, Late Pleistocene. Sediments and landforms reflect the interplay between the Saginaw and Michigan Lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. A relatively shallow, buried pre-Wisconsin and mid-Wisconsin morphology has been overridden by advances leading to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), ca. 24 ka. Between 24 and 17 ka, retreating ice fronts from the Michigan Lobe left a succession of ice-contact sediment ramps and associated pitted and collapsed fan-moraine complexes throughout the south and west of the map area. A sequence of stacked diamicton and sand and gravel fan heads appears at the hinged interlobate area north and northeast of South Bend. Ice margin positions are marked by distinct features like fans, kames and ice-walled lake plains, which are well developed on Michigan Lobe margins. The thicker glaciofluvial sand and gravel packages appear mostly interbedded with diamicton beds along fan heads, with relatively minor deposits in valley train units. Lowlands are mostly occupied by post-LGM (ca. 18 ka) valley-train outwash deposits, with interpreted flow toward the south and west, derived from an ice margin retreating first from south to north, near Mishawaka, then from southeast to northwest across the Kankakee valley. Sand and gravel colluvial and alluvial fans developed in a short span after ice retreated, along with incision of the ice-sculpted morphology. Late-glacial aeolian sand dunes sealed the landscape. Relatively minor modification of the landscape during the Holocene is indicated by alluvial and palustrine deposits. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Antinao, Jose Luis Rupp, Robin |
author_facet |
Antinao, Jose Luis Rupp, Robin |
author_sort |
Antinao, Jose Luis |
title |
Quaternary Geology of the Indiana Portion of the Eastern Extent of the South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle |
title_short |
Quaternary Geology of the Indiana Portion of the Eastern Extent of the South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle |
title_full |
Quaternary Geology of the Indiana Portion of the Eastern Extent of the South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle |
title_fullStr |
Quaternary Geology of the Indiana Portion of the Eastern Extent of the South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle |
title_full_unstemmed |
Quaternary Geology of the Indiana Portion of the Eastern Extent of the South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle |
title_sort |
quaternary geology of the indiana portion of the eastern extent of the south bend 30- x 60-minute quadrangle |
publisher |
Indiana Geological and Water Survey |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/IJES/article/view/31698 https://doi.org/10.14434/ijes.v3i1.31698 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-130.016,-130.016,58.909,58.909) ENVELOPE(-68.578,-68.578,-71.577,-71.577) |
geographic |
Bend Lake Quadrangle |
geographic_facet |
Bend Lake Quadrangle |
genre |
Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet |
op_source |
Indiana Journal of Earth Sciences; Vol. 3 (2021) 2642-1550 |
op_relation |
https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/IJES/article/view/31698/36082 https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/IJES/article/view/31698/36944 https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/IJES/article/view/31698 doi:10.14434/ijes.v3i1.31698 |
op_rights |
Copyright (c) 2021 Jose Luis Antinao, Robin Rupp |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.14434/ijes.v3i1.31698 |
container_title |
Indiana Journal of Earth Sciences |
container_volume |
3 |
_version_ |
1766031811382607872 |