Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Entering meiosis strictly depends on stimulated by retinoic acid 8 (Stra8) gene function in mammals. This gene is missing in a number of fish species, including medaka and zebrafish, but is present in the majority of fishes, including Atlantic salmon. Here, we have examined the effects of removing s...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2839414 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 |
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ftimr:oai:imr.brage.unit.no:11250/2839414 2023-05-15T15:31:13+02:00 Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Skaftnesmo, Kai Ove Crespo, Diego Kleppe, Lene Andersson, Eva Edvardsen, Rolf Brudvik Norberg, Birgitta Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom Johnny Schulz, Rüdiger W. Wargelius, Anna 2021 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2839414 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 eng eng Norges forskningsråd: 221648 Norges forskningsråd: 267610 Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2021, 9 . urn:issn:2296-634X https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2839414 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 cristin:1982033 16 9 Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Peer reviewed Journal article 2021 ftimr https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 2022-02-02T23:39:40Z Entering meiosis strictly depends on stimulated by retinoic acid 8 (Stra8) gene function in mammals. This gene is missing in a number of fish species, including medaka and zebrafish, but is present in the majority of fishes, including Atlantic salmon. Here, we have examined the effects of removing stra8 on male fertility in Atlantic salmon. As in mammals, stra8 expression was restricted to germ cells in the testis, transcript levels increased during the start of puberty, and decreased when blocking the production of retinoic acid. We targeted the salmon stra8 gene with two gRNAs one of these were highly effective and produced numerous mutations in stra8, which led to a loss of wild-type (WT) stra8 expression in F0 salmon testis. In maturing stra8 crispants, the spermatogenetic tubuli were partially disorganized and displayed a sevenfold increase in germ cell apoptosis, in particular among type B spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The production of spermatogenic cysts, on the other hand, increased in maturing stra8 crispants. Gene expression analysis revealed unchanged (lin28a, ret) or reduced levels (egr1, dusp4) of transcripts associated with undifferentiated spermatogonia. Decreased expression was recorded for some genes expressed in differentiating spermatogonia including dmrt1 and ccnd2 or in spermatocytes, such as ccna1. Different from Stra8-deficient mammals, a large number of germ cells completed spermatogenesis, sperm was produced and fertilization rates were similar in WT and crispant males. While loss of stra8 increased germ cell apoptosis during salmon spermatogenesis, crispants compensated this cell loss by an elevated production of spermatogenic cysts, and were able to produce functional sperm. It appears that also in a fish species with a stra8 gene in the genome, the critical relevance this gene has attained for mammalian spermatogenesis is not yet given, although detrimental effects of the loss of stra8 were clearly visible during maturation. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9 |
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Open Polar |
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Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR |
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ftimr |
language |
English |
description |
Entering meiosis strictly depends on stimulated by retinoic acid 8 (Stra8) gene function in mammals. This gene is missing in a number of fish species, including medaka and zebrafish, but is present in the majority of fishes, including Atlantic salmon. Here, we have examined the effects of removing stra8 on male fertility in Atlantic salmon. As in mammals, stra8 expression was restricted to germ cells in the testis, transcript levels increased during the start of puberty, and decreased when blocking the production of retinoic acid. We targeted the salmon stra8 gene with two gRNAs one of these were highly effective and produced numerous mutations in stra8, which led to a loss of wild-type (WT) stra8 expression in F0 salmon testis. In maturing stra8 crispants, the spermatogenetic tubuli were partially disorganized and displayed a sevenfold increase in germ cell apoptosis, in particular among type B spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The production of spermatogenic cysts, on the other hand, increased in maturing stra8 crispants. Gene expression analysis revealed unchanged (lin28a, ret) or reduced levels (egr1, dusp4) of transcripts associated with undifferentiated spermatogonia. Decreased expression was recorded for some genes expressed in differentiating spermatogonia including dmrt1 and ccnd2 or in spermatocytes, such as ccna1. Different from Stra8-deficient mammals, a large number of germ cells completed spermatogenesis, sperm was produced and fertilization rates were similar in WT and crispant males. While loss of stra8 increased germ cell apoptosis during salmon spermatogenesis, crispants compensated this cell loss by an elevated production of spermatogenic cysts, and were able to produce functional sperm. It appears that also in a fish species with a stra8 gene in the genome, the critical relevance this gene has attained for mammalian spermatogenesis is not yet given, although detrimental effects of the loss of stra8 were clearly visible during maturation. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Skaftnesmo, Kai Ove Crespo, Diego Kleppe, Lene Andersson, Eva Edvardsen, Rolf Brudvik Norberg, Birgitta Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom Johnny Schulz, Rüdiger W. Wargelius, Anna |
spellingShingle |
Skaftnesmo, Kai Ove Crespo, Diego Kleppe, Lene Andersson, Eva Edvardsen, Rolf Brudvik Norberg, Birgitta Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom Johnny Schulz, Rüdiger W. Wargelius, Anna Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
author_facet |
Skaftnesmo, Kai Ove Crespo, Diego Kleppe, Lene Andersson, Eva Edvardsen, Rolf Brudvik Norberg, Birgitta Fjelldal, Per Gunnar Hansen, Tom Johnny Schulz, Rüdiger W. Wargelius, Anna |
author_sort |
Skaftnesmo, Kai Ove |
title |
Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_short |
Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full |
Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_fullStr |
Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Loss of stra8 Increases Germ Cell Apoptosis but Is Still Compatible With Sperm Production in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_sort |
loss of stra8 increases germ cell apoptosis but is still compatible with sperm production in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2839414 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
16 9 Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 221648 Norges forskningsråd: 267610 Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2021, 9 . urn:issn:2296-634X https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2839414 https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 cristin:1982033 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.657192 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
container_volume |
9 |
_version_ |
1766361713855168512 |