Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice cover over the last century
Poleward ocean heat transport is a key process in the earth system. We detail and review the northward Atlantic Water (AW) flow, Arctic Ocean heat transport, and heat loss to the atmosphere since 1900 in relation to sea ice cover. Our synthesis is largely based on a sea ice-ocean model forced by a r...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2839388 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000725 |
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ftimr:oai:imr.brage.unit.no:11250/2839388 2023-05-15T14:41:25+02:00 Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice cover over the last century Smedsrud, Lars Henrik Muilwijk, Morven Eldevik, Tor Årthun, Marius Brakstad, Ailin Madonna, Erica Lauvset, Siv Kari Spensberger, Clemens Born, Andreas Drange, Helge Jeansson, Emil Li, Camille Olsen, Are Skagseth, Øystein Slater, Donald Straneo, Fiammetta Våge, Kjetil 2021 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2839388 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000725 eng eng https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020RG000725 Norges forskningsråd: 276730 urn:issn:8755-1209 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2839388 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000725 cristin:1967628 60 Reviews of Geophysics 1 Peer reviewed Journal article 2021 ftimr https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000725 2022-02-02T23:39:40Z Poleward ocean heat transport is a key process in the earth system. We detail and review the northward Atlantic Water (AW) flow, Arctic Ocean heat transport, and heat loss to the atmosphere since 1900 in relation to sea ice cover. Our synthesis is largely based on a sea ice-ocean model forced by a reanalysis atmosphere (1900-2018) corroborated by a comprehensive hydrographic database (1950-), AW inflow observations (1996-), and other long-term time series of sea ice extent (1900-), glacier retreat (1984-) and Barents Sea hydrography (1900-). The Arctic Ocean, including the Nordic and Barents Seas, has warmed since the 1970s. This warming is congruent with increased ocean heat transport and sea ice loss and has contributed to the retreat of marine-terminating glaciers on Greenland. Heat loss to the atmosphere is largest in the Nordic Seas (60% of total) with large variability linked to the frequency of Cold Air Outbreaks and cyclones in the region, but there is no long-term statistically significant trend. Heat loss from the Barents Sea (∼30%) and Arctic seas farther north (∼10%) is overall smaller, but exhibit large positive trends. The AW inflow, total heat loss to the atmosphere, and dense outflow have all increased since 1900. These are consistently related through theoretical scaling, but the AW inflow increase is also wind-driven. The Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake has increased by ∼30% over the last century - consistent with Arctic sea ice loss allowing stronger air-sea interaction and is ∼8% of the global uptake. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea glacier Greenland Nordic Seas Sea ice Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Greenland Reviews of Geophysics 60 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR |
op_collection_id |
ftimr |
language |
English |
description |
Poleward ocean heat transport is a key process in the earth system. We detail and review the northward Atlantic Water (AW) flow, Arctic Ocean heat transport, and heat loss to the atmosphere since 1900 in relation to sea ice cover. Our synthesis is largely based on a sea ice-ocean model forced by a reanalysis atmosphere (1900-2018) corroborated by a comprehensive hydrographic database (1950-), AW inflow observations (1996-), and other long-term time series of sea ice extent (1900-), glacier retreat (1984-) and Barents Sea hydrography (1900-). The Arctic Ocean, including the Nordic and Barents Seas, has warmed since the 1970s. This warming is congruent with increased ocean heat transport and sea ice loss and has contributed to the retreat of marine-terminating glaciers on Greenland. Heat loss to the atmosphere is largest in the Nordic Seas (60% of total) with large variability linked to the frequency of Cold Air Outbreaks and cyclones in the region, but there is no long-term statistically significant trend. Heat loss from the Barents Sea (∼30%) and Arctic seas farther north (∼10%) is overall smaller, but exhibit large positive trends. The AW inflow, total heat loss to the atmosphere, and dense outflow have all increased since 1900. These are consistently related through theoretical scaling, but the AW inflow increase is also wind-driven. The Arctic Ocean CO2 uptake has increased by ∼30% over the last century - consistent with Arctic sea ice loss allowing stronger air-sea interaction and is ∼8% of the global uptake. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Smedsrud, Lars Henrik Muilwijk, Morven Eldevik, Tor Årthun, Marius Brakstad, Ailin Madonna, Erica Lauvset, Siv Kari Spensberger, Clemens Born, Andreas Drange, Helge Jeansson, Emil Li, Camille Olsen, Are Skagseth, Øystein Slater, Donald Straneo, Fiammetta Våge, Kjetil |
spellingShingle |
Smedsrud, Lars Henrik Muilwijk, Morven Eldevik, Tor Årthun, Marius Brakstad, Ailin Madonna, Erica Lauvset, Siv Kari Spensberger, Clemens Born, Andreas Drange, Helge Jeansson, Emil Li, Camille Olsen, Are Skagseth, Øystein Slater, Donald Straneo, Fiammetta Våge, Kjetil Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice cover over the last century |
author_facet |
Smedsrud, Lars Henrik Muilwijk, Morven Eldevik, Tor Årthun, Marius Brakstad, Ailin Madonna, Erica Lauvset, Siv Kari Spensberger, Clemens Born, Andreas Drange, Helge Jeansson, Emil Li, Camille Olsen, Are Skagseth, Øystein Slater, Donald Straneo, Fiammetta Våge, Kjetil |
author_sort |
Smedsrud, Lars Henrik |
title |
Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice cover over the last century |
title_short |
Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice cover over the last century |
title_full |
Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice cover over the last century |
title_fullStr |
Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice cover over the last century |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice cover over the last century |
title_sort |
nordic seas heat loss, atlantic inflow, and arctic sea ice cover over the last century |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2839388 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000725 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea glacier Greenland Nordic Seas Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Barents Sea glacier Greenland Nordic Seas Sea ice |
op_source |
60 Reviews of Geophysics 1 |
op_relation |
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020RG000725 Norges forskningsråd: 276730 urn:issn:8755-1209 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2839388 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000725 cristin:1967628 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RG000725 |
container_title |
Reviews of Geophysics |
container_volume |
60 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766313189387010048 |