Metabolic and molecular signatures of improved growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed surplus levels of methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 throughout smoltification.
A moderate surplus of the 1C nutrients methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 above dietary recommendations for Atlantic salmon has shown to improve growth and reduce hepatosomatic index in the on-growing salt water period when fed throughout smoltification. Metabolic properties and molecular me...
Published in: | British Journal of Nutrition |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2764537 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521002336 |
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ftimr:oai:imr.brage.unit.no:11250/2764537 2023-05-15T15:31:04+02:00 Metabolic and molecular signatures of improved growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed surplus levels of methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 throughout smoltification. Adam, Anne-Catrin Saito, Takaya Espe, Marit Whatmore, Paul Fernandes, Jorge Manuel de Oliveira Vikeså, Vibeke Skjærven, Kaja Helvik 2021 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2764537 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521002336 eng eng Norges forskningsråd: 295118 urn:issn:0007-1145 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2764537 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521002336 cristin:1918791 British Journal of Nutrition Peer reviewed Journal article 2021 ftimr https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521002336 2021-09-23T20:14:39Z A moderate surplus of the 1C nutrients methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 above dietary recommendations for Atlantic salmon has shown to improve growth and reduce hepatosomatic index in the on-growing salt water period when fed throughout smoltification. Metabolic properties and molecular mechanisms determining the improved growth are unexplored. Here, we investigate metabolic and transcriptional signatures in skeletal muscle taken before and after smoltification to acquire deeper insight into pathways and possible nutrient-gene-interactions. A control feed (Ctrl) or 1C nutrient surplus feed (1C+) were fed to Atlantic salmon six weeks prior to smoltification until three months after salt water transfer. Both metabolic and gene expression signatures revealed significant 1C nutrient-dependent changes already at pre-smolt, but differences intensified when analysing post-smolt muscle. Transcriptional differences revealed a lower expression of genes related to translation, growth, and amino acid metabolization in post-smolt muscle when fed additional 1C nutrients. The 1C+ group showed less free amino acid and putrescine levels, and higher methionine and glutathione (GSH) amounts in muscle. For Ctrl muscle, the overall metabolic profile suggests a lower amino acid utilization for protein synthesis, and increased methionine metabolization in polyamine and redox homeostasis, whereas transcription changes are indicative of compensatory growth regulation at local tissue level. These findings point to fine-tuned nutrient-gene-interactions fundamental for improved growth capacity through better amino acid utilization for protein accretion when salmon was fed additional 1C nutrients throughout smoltification. It also highlights potential nutritional programming strategies on improved post-smolt growth through 1C+ supplementation before and throughout smoltification. acceptedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR British Journal of Nutrition 1 37 |
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Open Polar |
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Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR |
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ftimr |
language |
English |
description |
A moderate surplus of the 1C nutrients methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 above dietary recommendations for Atlantic salmon has shown to improve growth and reduce hepatosomatic index in the on-growing salt water period when fed throughout smoltification. Metabolic properties and molecular mechanisms determining the improved growth are unexplored. Here, we investigate metabolic and transcriptional signatures in skeletal muscle taken before and after smoltification to acquire deeper insight into pathways and possible nutrient-gene-interactions. A control feed (Ctrl) or 1C nutrient surplus feed (1C+) were fed to Atlantic salmon six weeks prior to smoltification until three months after salt water transfer. Both metabolic and gene expression signatures revealed significant 1C nutrient-dependent changes already at pre-smolt, but differences intensified when analysing post-smolt muscle. Transcriptional differences revealed a lower expression of genes related to translation, growth, and amino acid metabolization in post-smolt muscle when fed additional 1C nutrients. The 1C+ group showed less free amino acid and putrescine levels, and higher methionine and glutathione (GSH) amounts in muscle. For Ctrl muscle, the overall metabolic profile suggests a lower amino acid utilization for protein synthesis, and increased methionine metabolization in polyamine and redox homeostasis, whereas transcription changes are indicative of compensatory growth regulation at local tissue level. These findings point to fine-tuned nutrient-gene-interactions fundamental for improved growth capacity through better amino acid utilization for protein accretion when salmon was fed additional 1C nutrients throughout smoltification. It also highlights potential nutritional programming strategies on improved post-smolt growth through 1C+ supplementation before and throughout smoltification. acceptedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Adam, Anne-Catrin Saito, Takaya Espe, Marit Whatmore, Paul Fernandes, Jorge Manuel de Oliveira Vikeså, Vibeke Skjærven, Kaja Helvik |
spellingShingle |
Adam, Anne-Catrin Saito, Takaya Espe, Marit Whatmore, Paul Fernandes, Jorge Manuel de Oliveira Vikeså, Vibeke Skjærven, Kaja Helvik Metabolic and molecular signatures of improved growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed surplus levels of methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 throughout smoltification. |
author_facet |
Adam, Anne-Catrin Saito, Takaya Espe, Marit Whatmore, Paul Fernandes, Jorge Manuel de Oliveira Vikeså, Vibeke Skjærven, Kaja Helvik |
author_sort |
Adam, Anne-Catrin |
title |
Metabolic and molecular signatures of improved growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed surplus levels of methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 throughout smoltification. |
title_short |
Metabolic and molecular signatures of improved growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed surplus levels of methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 throughout smoltification. |
title_full |
Metabolic and molecular signatures of improved growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed surplus levels of methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 throughout smoltification. |
title_fullStr |
Metabolic and molecular signatures of improved growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed surplus levels of methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 throughout smoltification. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Metabolic and molecular signatures of improved growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed surplus levels of methionine, folic acid, vitamin B6 and B12 throughout smoltification. |
title_sort |
metabolic and molecular signatures of improved growth in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) fed surplus levels of methionine, folic acid, vitamin b6 and b12 throughout smoltification. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2764537 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521002336 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
British Journal of Nutrition |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 295118 urn:issn:0007-1145 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2764537 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521002336 cristin:1918791 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521002336 |
container_title |
British Journal of Nutrition |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
37 |
_version_ |
1766361551380414464 |