Mixture toxicity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, and nonylphenol in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hepatocytes
Pesticide formulations typically contain adjuvants added to enhance the performance of the active ingredient. Adjuvants may modify the bioavailability and toxicity of pesticides. In this study, the aim was to examine to which degree nonylphenol (NP) may interfere with the toxicity of two organophosp...
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ftimr:oai:imr.brage.unit.no:11250/2728358 2023-05-15T15:31:45+02:00 Mixture toxicity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, and nonylphenol in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hepatocytes Olsvik, Pål Asgeir Søfteland, Liv Ingeborg Rosvoll 2020 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2728358 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.008 eng eng Toxicology reports. 2020, 7 547-558. urn:issn:2214-7500 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2728358 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.008 cristin:1879879 547-558 7 Toxicology reports Peer reviewed Journal article 2020 ftimr https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.008 2021-09-23T20:15:08Z Pesticide formulations typically contain adjuvants added to enhance the performance of the active ingredient. Adjuvants may modify the bioavailability and toxicity of pesticides. In this study, the aim was to examine to which degree nonylphenol (NP) may interfere with the toxicity of two organophosphorus pesticides found in aquafeeds, chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPM) and pirimiphos-methyl (PPM). Atlantic salmon liver cells were exposed to these compounds singly or in combinations for 48 h using 3D cell cultures. Cytotoxicity, gene expression (RT-qPCR), and lipidomics endpoints were used to assess toxicity. The dose-response assessment showed that NP was the most toxic compound at equimolar concentrations (100 μM). Shotgun lipidomics pointed to a general pattern of elevated levels of saturated 18:0 fatty acids and declined levels of 18:1 monounsaturated fatty acids by the combined treatment. All three compounds had a distinct effect on membrane phospholipids, in particular on phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Lipid species patterns predicted inhibited stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) activity and increased Δ6 desaturase (D6D) activity in co-treated cells. While all three compounds alone mitigated increased triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, combined treatment resulted in lower total TAG in the cells. Multivariate analysis with PLS regression showed significant combined effects for nine genes (d5d, d6d, scd, srebf2, vtg, esr1, cyp1, ugt1a, and cat) and four lipid species (FFA 22:5, LPC 18:0, TAG52:1-FA16:0, and TAG52:1-FA18:0). In summary, this study demonstrates that the adjuvant can be the main contributor to the toxicity of a mixture of two organophosphorus pesticides with relatively low toxicity in fish cells. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR Toxicology Reports 7 547 558 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR |
op_collection_id |
ftimr |
language |
English |
description |
Pesticide formulations typically contain adjuvants added to enhance the performance of the active ingredient. Adjuvants may modify the bioavailability and toxicity of pesticides. In this study, the aim was to examine to which degree nonylphenol (NP) may interfere with the toxicity of two organophosphorus pesticides found in aquafeeds, chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPM) and pirimiphos-methyl (PPM). Atlantic salmon liver cells were exposed to these compounds singly or in combinations for 48 h using 3D cell cultures. Cytotoxicity, gene expression (RT-qPCR), and lipidomics endpoints were used to assess toxicity. The dose-response assessment showed that NP was the most toxic compound at equimolar concentrations (100 μM). Shotgun lipidomics pointed to a general pattern of elevated levels of saturated 18:0 fatty acids and declined levels of 18:1 monounsaturated fatty acids by the combined treatment. All three compounds had a distinct effect on membrane phospholipids, in particular on phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Lipid species patterns predicted inhibited stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) activity and increased Δ6 desaturase (D6D) activity in co-treated cells. While all three compounds alone mitigated increased triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, combined treatment resulted in lower total TAG in the cells. Multivariate analysis with PLS regression showed significant combined effects for nine genes (d5d, d6d, scd, srebf2, vtg, esr1, cyp1, ugt1a, and cat) and four lipid species (FFA 22:5, LPC 18:0, TAG52:1-FA16:0, and TAG52:1-FA18:0). In summary, this study demonstrates that the adjuvant can be the main contributor to the toxicity of a mixture of two organophosphorus pesticides with relatively low toxicity in fish cells. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Olsvik, Pål Asgeir Søfteland, Liv Ingeborg Rosvoll |
spellingShingle |
Olsvik, Pål Asgeir Søfteland, Liv Ingeborg Rosvoll Mixture toxicity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, and nonylphenol in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hepatocytes |
author_facet |
Olsvik, Pål Asgeir Søfteland, Liv Ingeborg Rosvoll |
author_sort |
Olsvik, Pål Asgeir |
title |
Mixture toxicity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, and nonylphenol in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hepatocytes |
title_short |
Mixture toxicity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, and nonylphenol in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hepatocytes |
title_full |
Mixture toxicity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, and nonylphenol in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hepatocytes |
title_fullStr |
Mixture toxicity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, and nonylphenol in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hepatocytes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mixture toxicity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, and nonylphenol in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hepatocytes |
title_sort |
mixture toxicity of chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, and nonylphenol in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) hepatocytes |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2728358 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.008 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
547-558 7 Toxicology reports |
op_relation |
Toxicology reports. 2020, 7 547-558. urn:issn:2214-7500 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2728358 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.008 cristin:1879879 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.008 |
container_title |
Toxicology Reports |
container_volume |
7 |
container_start_page |
547 |
op_container_end_page |
558 |
_version_ |
1766362269317332992 |