Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture
To accommodate further growth in the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry, new production sites may well be established at more exposed locations along the coast or even offshore. Here, fish will encounter strong currents and powerful waves, which are avoided at traditional sheltered locations. Expo...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2686913 https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12501 |
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ftimr:oai:imr.brage.unit.no:11250/2686913 2023-05-15T15:30:50+02:00 Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture Hvas, Malthe Folkedal, Ole Oppedal, Frode 2020 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2686913 https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12501 eng eng Norges forskningsråd: 267800 Havforskningsinstituttet: 14595 Havforskningsinstituttet: 14597 Norges forskningsråd: 237790 Reviews in Aquaculture. 2020, . urn:issn:1753-5123 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2686913 https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12501 cristin:1834018 17 Reviews in Aquaculture Peer reviewed Journal article 2020 ftimr https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12501 2021-09-23T20:14:47Z To accommodate further growth in the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry, new production sites may well be established at more exposed locations along the coast or even offshore. Here, fish will encounter strong currents and powerful waves, which are avoided at traditional sheltered locations. Exposed locations offer several advantages and necessitate new technological advancements. However, the most crucial question is whether Atlantic salmon are able to thrive in these more extreme environments. In this review, we describe how strong water currents affect the physiology, behaviour and ultimately the welfare of the fish. If ambient current speeds exceed swimming capacities, fish become fatigued and get stuck on the cage wall leading to unacceptable welfare. The swimming capacity will depend on both the magnitude and duration of the current speeds encountered. Moreover, several environmental and biological factors modulate swimming capabilities, where temperature, body size and health status are particularly important to consider. A series of empirical studies are subsequently used to formulate welfare guidelines with regard to biological limits in exposed aquaculture. In addition, owing to the growing popularity of cleaner fish in salmon aquaculture, we also evaluate their usefulness at exposed sites. Overall, Atlantic salmon is a powerful sustained swimmer, and based on available site surveys of ocean currents, we conclude that the prospects for responsible farming at exposed sites looks promising. However, cleaner fish species such as lumpfish and ballan wrasse are poor swimmers and are therefore not recommended for deployment at exposed sites. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR Ballan ENVELOPE(12.203,12.203,65.945,65.945) Reviews in Aquaculture 13 2 836 852 |
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Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR |
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English |
description |
To accommodate further growth in the Atlantic salmon aquaculture industry, new production sites may well be established at more exposed locations along the coast or even offshore. Here, fish will encounter strong currents and powerful waves, which are avoided at traditional sheltered locations. Exposed locations offer several advantages and necessitate new technological advancements. However, the most crucial question is whether Atlantic salmon are able to thrive in these more extreme environments. In this review, we describe how strong water currents affect the physiology, behaviour and ultimately the welfare of the fish. If ambient current speeds exceed swimming capacities, fish become fatigued and get stuck on the cage wall leading to unacceptable welfare. The swimming capacity will depend on both the magnitude and duration of the current speeds encountered. Moreover, several environmental and biological factors modulate swimming capabilities, where temperature, body size and health status are particularly important to consider. A series of empirical studies are subsequently used to formulate welfare guidelines with regard to biological limits in exposed aquaculture. In addition, owing to the growing popularity of cleaner fish in salmon aquaculture, we also evaluate their usefulness at exposed sites. Overall, Atlantic salmon is a powerful sustained swimmer, and based on available site surveys of ocean currents, we conclude that the prospects for responsible farming at exposed sites looks promising. However, cleaner fish species such as lumpfish and ballan wrasse are poor swimmers and are therefore not recommended for deployment at exposed sites. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hvas, Malthe Folkedal, Ole Oppedal, Frode |
spellingShingle |
Hvas, Malthe Folkedal, Ole Oppedal, Frode Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture |
author_facet |
Hvas, Malthe Folkedal, Ole Oppedal, Frode |
author_sort |
Hvas, Malthe |
title |
Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture |
title_short |
Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture |
title_full |
Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture |
title_fullStr |
Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture |
title_sort |
fish welfare in offshore salmon aquaculture |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2686913 https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12501 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.203,12.203,65.945,65.945) |
geographic |
Ballan |
geographic_facet |
Ballan |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
17 Reviews in Aquaculture |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 267800 Havforskningsinstituttet: 14595 Havforskningsinstituttet: 14597 Norges forskningsråd: 237790 Reviews in Aquaculture. 2020, . urn:issn:1753-5123 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2686913 https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12501 cristin:1834018 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12501 |
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Reviews in Aquaculture |
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13 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
836 |
op_container_end_page |
852 |
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