Recent warming and freshening of the Norwegian Sea observed by Argo data
Climate variability in the Norwegian Sea, comprising the Norwegian and Lofoten Basins, was investigated based upon monthly estimates of ocean heat and freshwater contents using data from Argo floats during 2002–18. Both local air–sea exchange and advective processes were examined and quantified for...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2637480 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0591.1 |
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ftimr:oai:imr.brage.unit.no:11250/2637480 2023-05-15T14:59:16+02:00 Recent warming and freshening of the Norwegian Sea observed by Argo data Mork, Kjell Arne Skagseth, Øystein Søiland, Henrik 2019 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2637480 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0591.1 eng eng Journal of Climate. 2019, 32 (12), 3695-3705. urn:issn:0894-8755 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2637480 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0591.1 cristin:1709909 3695-3705 32 Journal of Climate 12 Journal article Peer reviewed 2019 ftimr https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0591.1 2021-09-23T20:16:00Z Climate variability in the Norwegian Sea, comprising the Norwegian and Lofoten Basins, was investigated based upon monthly estimates of ocean heat and freshwater contents using data from Argo floats during 2002–18. Both local air–sea exchange and advective processes were examined and quantified for monthly to interannual time scales. In the recent years, 2011–18, the Norwegian Sea experienced a decoupling of the temperature and salinity, with a simultaneous warming and freshening trend. This was mainly explained by two different processes; reduced ocean heat loss to the atmosphere and advection of fresher Atlantic water into the Norwegian Sea. The local air–sea heat fluxes are important in modifying the ocean heat content, although this relationship varied with time scale and basins. On time scales exceeding 4 months in the Lofoten Basin and 6 months in the Norwegian Basin, the air–sea heat flux explained half or even more of the local ocean heat content change. There were both a short-term and long-term response of the wind forcing on the ocean heat content. The monthly to seasonal response of increased southerly wind cooled and freshened the Norwegian Basin, due to eastward surface Ekman transport, and increased the influence of Arctic Water. However, after about a 1-yr delay the ocean warmed and became saltier due to an increased advection of Atlantic Water into the region. Increased westerly winds decreased the ocean heat content in both cases due to increased transport of Arctic Water into the Norwegian Sea. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Lofoten Norwegian Sea Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR Arctic Lofoten Lofoten Basin ENVELOPE(4.000,4.000,70.000,70.000) Norwegian Sea Journal of Climate 32 12 3695 3705 |
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Open Polar |
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Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR |
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ftimr |
language |
English |
description |
Climate variability in the Norwegian Sea, comprising the Norwegian and Lofoten Basins, was investigated based upon monthly estimates of ocean heat and freshwater contents using data from Argo floats during 2002–18. Both local air–sea exchange and advective processes were examined and quantified for monthly to interannual time scales. In the recent years, 2011–18, the Norwegian Sea experienced a decoupling of the temperature and salinity, with a simultaneous warming and freshening trend. This was mainly explained by two different processes; reduced ocean heat loss to the atmosphere and advection of fresher Atlantic water into the Norwegian Sea. The local air–sea heat fluxes are important in modifying the ocean heat content, although this relationship varied with time scale and basins. On time scales exceeding 4 months in the Lofoten Basin and 6 months in the Norwegian Basin, the air–sea heat flux explained half or even more of the local ocean heat content change. There were both a short-term and long-term response of the wind forcing on the ocean heat content. The monthly to seasonal response of increased southerly wind cooled and freshened the Norwegian Basin, due to eastward surface Ekman transport, and increased the influence of Arctic Water. However, after about a 1-yr delay the ocean warmed and became saltier due to an increased advection of Atlantic Water into the region. Increased westerly winds decreased the ocean heat content in both cases due to increased transport of Arctic Water into the Norwegian Sea. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mork, Kjell Arne Skagseth, Øystein Søiland, Henrik |
spellingShingle |
Mork, Kjell Arne Skagseth, Øystein Søiland, Henrik Recent warming and freshening of the Norwegian Sea observed by Argo data |
author_facet |
Mork, Kjell Arne Skagseth, Øystein Søiland, Henrik |
author_sort |
Mork, Kjell Arne |
title |
Recent warming and freshening of the Norwegian Sea observed by Argo data |
title_short |
Recent warming and freshening of the Norwegian Sea observed by Argo data |
title_full |
Recent warming and freshening of the Norwegian Sea observed by Argo data |
title_fullStr |
Recent warming and freshening of the Norwegian Sea observed by Argo data |
title_full_unstemmed |
Recent warming and freshening of the Norwegian Sea observed by Argo data |
title_sort |
recent warming and freshening of the norwegian sea observed by argo data |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2637480 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0591.1 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(4.000,4.000,70.000,70.000) |
geographic |
Arctic Lofoten Lofoten Basin Norwegian Sea |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Lofoten Lofoten Basin Norwegian Sea |
genre |
Arctic Lofoten Norwegian Sea |
genre_facet |
Arctic Lofoten Norwegian Sea |
op_source |
3695-3705 32 Journal of Climate 12 |
op_relation |
Journal of Climate. 2019, 32 (12), 3695-3705. urn:issn:0894-8755 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2637480 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0591.1 cristin:1709909 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0591.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
container_volume |
32 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
3695 |
op_container_end_page |
3705 |
_version_ |
1766331379124011008 |