Physiological responses of farmed Atlantic salmon and two cohabitant species of cleaner fish to progressive hypoxia
To mitigate salmon lice infestations in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) sea cages, deployment of cleaner fish have become a widespread strategy. However, species of cleaner fish may experience poor welfare in the highly fluctuating farm environment owing to differences in physiological adaptations and...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636345 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734353 |
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ftimr:oai:imr.brage.unit.no:11250/2636345 2023-05-15T15:28:22+02:00 Physiological responses of farmed Atlantic salmon and two cohabitant species of cleaner fish to progressive hypoxia Hvas, Malthe Oppedal, Frode 2019 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636345 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734353 eng eng Norges forskningsråd: 267800 Norges forskningsråd: 237790 Aquaculture. 2019, 512 . urn:issn:0044-8486 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636345 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734353 cristin:1750273 8 512 Aquaculture Journal article Peer reviewed 2019 ftimr https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734353 2021-09-23T20:15:44Z To mitigate salmon lice infestations in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) sea cages, deployment of cleaner fish have become a widespread strategy. However, species of cleaner fish may experience poor welfare in the highly fluctuating farm environment owing to differences in physiological adaptations and niche requirements. In particular, occurrences of reduced oxygen levels are common in salmon cages. The purpose of this study was therefore to compare hypoxia responses of Atlantic salmon and two commonly used cleaner fish species, the lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) and the ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta). We used respirometry to measure metabolic rates (MO2) during progressive hypoxia down to 20% oxygen saturation. In addition, we also measured key haematological parameters before, during and after hypoxia exposure. While all fish survived exposure down to 20% oxygen saturation, distinct differences in metabolic and haematological responses were found, reflecting species specific adaptations and lifestyles. In Atlantic salmon, MO2 was independent of ambient oxygen levels until 27% saturation, after which it decreased linearly. In lumpfish, MO2 steadily decreased throughout the hypoxia trial. In ballan wrasse, MO2 was notably lower than in the other species and unaffected by the levels of hypoxia encountered. Hypoxia induced changes in plasma cortisol, plasma lactate and plasma osmolality were substantially greater in Atlantic salmon compared to both cleaner fish species. This suggests that similar magnitudes of hypoxia exposure were more stressful to Atlantic salmon. Hence, neither cleaner fish species should be in immediate danger as long as hypoxia levels that are known to be detrimental to Atlantic salmon are avoided. However, lumpfish had markedly reduced activity levels at the early onset of progressive hypoxia, and is therefore likely to require near normoxic conditions to efficiently function as cleaner fish. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR Ballan ENVELOPE(12.203,12.203,65.945,65.945) Aquaculture 512 734353 |
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Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR |
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ftimr |
language |
English |
description |
To mitigate salmon lice infestations in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) sea cages, deployment of cleaner fish have become a widespread strategy. However, species of cleaner fish may experience poor welfare in the highly fluctuating farm environment owing to differences in physiological adaptations and niche requirements. In particular, occurrences of reduced oxygen levels are common in salmon cages. The purpose of this study was therefore to compare hypoxia responses of Atlantic salmon and two commonly used cleaner fish species, the lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) and the ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta). We used respirometry to measure metabolic rates (MO2) during progressive hypoxia down to 20% oxygen saturation. In addition, we also measured key haematological parameters before, during and after hypoxia exposure. While all fish survived exposure down to 20% oxygen saturation, distinct differences in metabolic and haematological responses were found, reflecting species specific adaptations and lifestyles. In Atlantic salmon, MO2 was independent of ambient oxygen levels until 27% saturation, after which it decreased linearly. In lumpfish, MO2 steadily decreased throughout the hypoxia trial. In ballan wrasse, MO2 was notably lower than in the other species and unaffected by the levels of hypoxia encountered. Hypoxia induced changes in plasma cortisol, plasma lactate and plasma osmolality were substantially greater in Atlantic salmon compared to both cleaner fish species. This suggests that similar magnitudes of hypoxia exposure were more stressful to Atlantic salmon. Hence, neither cleaner fish species should be in immediate danger as long as hypoxia levels that are known to be detrimental to Atlantic salmon are avoided. However, lumpfish had markedly reduced activity levels at the early onset of progressive hypoxia, and is therefore likely to require near normoxic conditions to efficiently function as cleaner fish. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hvas, Malthe Oppedal, Frode |
spellingShingle |
Hvas, Malthe Oppedal, Frode Physiological responses of farmed Atlantic salmon and two cohabitant species of cleaner fish to progressive hypoxia |
author_facet |
Hvas, Malthe Oppedal, Frode |
author_sort |
Hvas, Malthe |
title |
Physiological responses of farmed Atlantic salmon and two cohabitant species of cleaner fish to progressive hypoxia |
title_short |
Physiological responses of farmed Atlantic salmon and two cohabitant species of cleaner fish to progressive hypoxia |
title_full |
Physiological responses of farmed Atlantic salmon and two cohabitant species of cleaner fish to progressive hypoxia |
title_fullStr |
Physiological responses of farmed Atlantic salmon and two cohabitant species of cleaner fish to progressive hypoxia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Physiological responses of farmed Atlantic salmon and two cohabitant species of cleaner fish to progressive hypoxia |
title_sort |
physiological responses of farmed atlantic salmon and two cohabitant species of cleaner fish to progressive hypoxia |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636345 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734353 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.203,12.203,65.945,65.945) |
geographic |
Ballan |
geographic_facet |
Ballan |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
8 512 Aquaculture |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 267800 Norges forskningsråd: 237790 Aquaculture. 2019, 512 . urn:issn:0044-8486 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636345 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734353 cristin:1750273 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734353 |
container_title |
Aquaculture |
container_volume |
512 |
container_start_page |
734353 |
_version_ |
1766358741947514880 |