CO2 flux over young and snow-covered Arctic pack ice in winter and spring
Rare CO2 flux measurements from Arctic pack ice show that two types of ice contribute to the release of CO2 from the ice to the atmosphere during winter and spring: young, thin ice with a thin layer of snow and older (several weeks), thicker ice with thick snow cover. Young, thin sea ice is characte...
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2507110 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3331-2018 |
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ftimr:oai:imr.brage.unit.no:11250/2507110 2023-05-15T14:57:11+02:00 CO2 flux over young and snow-covered Arctic pack ice in winter and spring Nomura, Daiki Granskog, Mats A. Fransson, Agneta Chierici, Melissa Silyakova, Anna Ohshima, Kay Cohen, Lana Delille, Bruno Hudson, Stephen R. Dieckmann, Gerhard 2018 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2507110 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3331-2018 eng eng Norges forskningsråd: 240639 Biogeosciences. 2018, 15 3331-3343. urn:issn:1726-4170 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2507110 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3331-2018 cristin:1589834 3331-3343 15 Biogeosciences Journal article Peer reviewed 2018 ftimr https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3331-2018 2021-09-23T20:15:44Z Rare CO2 flux measurements from Arctic pack ice show that two types of ice contribute to the release of CO2 from the ice to the atmosphere during winter and spring: young, thin ice with a thin layer of snow and older (several weeks), thicker ice with thick snow cover. Young, thin sea ice is characterized by high salinity and high porosity, and snow-covered thick ice remains relatively warm (> −7.5 ◦C) due to the insulating snow cover despite air temperatures as low as −40 ◦C. Therefore, brine volume fractions of these two ice types are high enough to provide favorable conditions for gas exchange between sea ice and the atmosphere even in mid-winter. Although the potential CO2 flux from sea ice decreased due to the presence of the snow, the snow surface is still a CO2 source to the atmosphere for low snow density and thin snow conditions. We found that young sea ice that is formed in leads without snow cover produces CO2 fluxes an order of magnitude higher than those in snow-covered older ice (+1.0 ± 0.6 mmolCm−2 day−1 for young ice and +0.2 ± 0.2 mmolCm−2 day−1 for older ice). publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Sea ice Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR Arctic Biogeosciences 15 11 3331 3343 |
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Open Polar |
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Institute for Marine Research: Brage IMR |
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ftimr |
language |
English |
description |
Rare CO2 flux measurements from Arctic pack ice show that two types of ice contribute to the release of CO2 from the ice to the atmosphere during winter and spring: young, thin ice with a thin layer of snow and older (several weeks), thicker ice with thick snow cover. Young, thin sea ice is characterized by high salinity and high porosity, and snow-covered thick ice remains relatively warm (> −7.5 ◦C) due to the insulating snow cover despite air temperatures as low as −40 ◦C. Therefore, brine volume fractions of these two ice types are high enough to provide favorable conditions for gas exchange between sea ice and the atmosphere even in mid-winter. Although the potential CO2 flux from sea ice decreased due to the presence of the snow, the snow surface is still a CO2 source to the atmosphere for low snow density and thin snow conditions. We found that young sea ice that is formed in leads without snow cover produces CO2 fluxes an order of magnitude higher than those in snow-covered older ice (+1.0 ± 0.6 mmolCm−2 day−1 for young ice and +0.2 ± 0.2 mmolCm−2 day−1 for older ice). publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nomura, Daiki Granskog, Mats A. Fransson, Agneta Chierici, Melissa Silyakova, Anna Ohshima, Kay Cohen, Lana Delille, Bruno Hudson, Stephen R. Dieckmann, Gerhard |
spellingShingle |
Nomura, Daiki Granskog, Mats A. Fransson, Agneta Chierici, Melissa Silyakova, Anna Ohshima, Kay Cohen, Lana Delille, Bruno Hudson, Stephen R. Dieckmann, Gerhard CO2 flux over young and snow-covered Arctic pack ice in winter and spring |
author_facet |
Nomura, Daiki Granskog, Mats A. Fransson, Agneta Chierici, Melissa Silyakova, Anna Ohshima, Kay Cohen, Lana Delille, Bruno Hudson, Stephen R. Dieckmann, Gerhard |
author_sort |
Nomura, Daiki |
title |
CO2 flux over young and snow-covered Arctic pack ice in winter and spring |
title_short |
CO2 flux over young and snow-covered Arctic pack ice in winter and spring |
title_full |
CO2 flux over young and snow-covered Arctic pack ice in winter and spring |
title_fullStr |
CO2 flux over young and snow-covered Arctic pack ice in winter and spring |
title_full_unstemmed |
CO2 flux over young and snow-covered Arctic pack ice in winter and spring |
title_sort |
co2 flux over young and snow-covered arctic pack ice in winter and spring |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2507110 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3331-2018 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sea ice |
op_source |
3331-3343 15 Biogeosciences |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 240639 Biogeosciences. 2018, 15 3331-3343. urn:issn:1726-4170 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2507110 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3331-2018 cristin:1589834 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3331-2018 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
3331 |
op_container_end_page |
3343 |
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1766329275731935232 |