Atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites at Earth and Mars: implications for the survival of organics
The atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites (MMs) can significantly alter their pre-existing mineralogy, texture and organic material. The degree of heating depends predominantly on the gravity and atmospheric density of the planet on which they fall. For particles falling on Earth the alterati...
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ftimperialcol:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/71317 2023-05-15T13:53:11+02:00 Atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites at Earth and Mars: implications for the survival of organics Wilson, A Genge, M Krzesińska, A Tomkins, A Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) 2019-06-07 http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/71317 https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13360 unknown Wiley Meteoritics and Planetary Science 1086-9379 http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/71317 doi:10.1111/maps.13360 ST/M003167/1 ST/N000803/1 © The Meteoritical Society, 2019. This is the accepted version of the following article: Wilson, A. P., Genge, M. J., Krzesińska, A. M. and Tomkins, A. G. (2019), Atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites at Earth and Mars: Implications for the survival of organics. Meteorit Planet Sci, 54: 1-19, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13360 19 1 Science & Technology Physical Sciences Geochemistry & Geophysics INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES COSMIC SPHERULES ANTARCTIC MICROMETEORITES GRAZING-INCIDENCE COMET 81P/WILD-2 ACCRETION RATE SOLAR-SYSTEM AMINO-ACIDS COLLECTION ORIGIN 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences 0402 Geochemistry 0403 Geology Journal Article 2019 ftimperialcol https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13360 2020-07-16T22:38:29Z The atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites (MMs) can significantly alter their pre-existing mineralogy, texture and organic material. The degree of heating depends predominantly on the gravity and atmospheric density of the planet on which they fall. For particles falling on Earth the alteration can be significant, leading to the destruction of much of the pre-entry organics, however, the weaker gravity and thinner atmosphere of Mars enhances the survival of MMs and increases the fraction of particles that preserve organic material. This paper investigates the entry heating of MMs on the Earth and Mars in order to examine the micrometeorite population on each planet and give insights into the survival of extraterrestrial organic material. The results show that particles reaching the surface of Mars experience a lower peak temperature compared to Earth and, therefore, experience less evaporative mass loss. Of the particles which reach the surface, 68.2% remain unmelted on Mars compared to only 22.8% on Earth. Due to evaporative mass loss, unmelted particles that reach the surface of Earth are restricted to sizes <70 µm whereas particles >475 µm survive unmelted on Mars. Approximately 10% of particles experience temperatures below ~800 K, i.e. the sublimation temperature of refractory organics found in MMs. On Earth this fraction is significantly lower with less than 1% expected to remain below this temperature. Lower peak temperatures coupled with the larger sizes of particles surviving without significant heating on Mars suggests a much higher fraction of organic material surviving to the martian surface. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Imperial College London: Spiral Antarctic Meteoritics & Planetary Science 54 9 1 19 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Imperial College London: Spiral |
op_collection_id |
ftimperialcol |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Science & Technology Physical Sciences Geochemistry & Geophysics INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES COSMIC SPHERULES ANTARCTIC MICROMETEORITES GRAZING-INCIDENCE COMET 81P/WILD-2 ACCRETION RATE SOLAR-SYSTEM AMINO-ACIDS COLLECTION ORIGIN 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences 0402 Geochemistry 0403 Geology |
spellingShingle |
Science & Technology Physical Sciences Geochemistry & Geophysics INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES COSMIC SPHERULES ANTARCTIC MICROMETEORITES GRAZING-INCIDENCE COMET 81P/WILD-2 ACCRETION RATE SOLAR-SYSTEM AMINO-ACIDS COLLECTION ORIGIN 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences 0402 Geochemistry 0403 Geology Wilson, A Genge, M Krzesińska, A Tomkins, A Atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites at Earth and Mars: implications for the survival of organics |
topic_facet |
Science & Technology Physical Sciences Geochemistry & Geophysics INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES COSMIC SPHERULES ANTARCTIC MICROMETEORITES GRAZING-INCIDENCE COMET 81P/WILD-2 ACCRETION RATE SOLAR-SYSTEM AMINO-ACIDS COLLECTION ORIGIN 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences 0402 Geochemistry 0403 Geology |
description |
The atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites (MMs) can significantly alter their pre-existing mineralogy, texture and organic material. The degree of heating depends predominantly on the gravity and atmospheric density of the planet on which they fall. For particles falling on Earth the alteration can be significant, leading to the destruction of much of the pre-entry organics, however, the weaker gravity and thinner atmosphere of Mars enhances the survival of MMs and increases the fraction of particles that preserve organic material. This paper investigates the entry heating of MMs on the Earth and Mars in order to examine the micrometeorite population on each planet and give insights into the survival of extraterrestrial organic material. The results show that particles reaching the surface of Mars experience a lower peak temperature compared to Earth and, therefore, experience less evaporative mass loss. Of the particles which reach the surface, 68.2% remain unmelted on Mars compared to only 22.8% on Earth. Due to evaporative mass loss, unmelted particles that reach the surface of Earth are restricted to sizes <70 µm whereas particles >475 µm survive unmelted on Mars. Approximately 10% of particles experience temperatures below ~800 K, i.e. the sublimation temperature of refractory organics found in MMs. On Earth this fraction is significantly lower with less than 1% expected to remain below this temperature. Lower peak temperatures coupled with the larger sizes of particles surviving without significant heating on Mars suggests a much higher fraction of organic material surviving to the martian surface. |
author2 |
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wilson, A Genge, M Krzesińska, A Tomkins, A |
author_facet |
Wilson, A Genge, M Krzesińska, A Tomkins, A |
author_sort |
Wilson, A |
title |
Atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites at Earth and Mars: implications for the survival of organics |
title_short |
Atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites at Earth and Mars: implications for the survival of organics |
title_full |
Atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites at Earth and Mars: implications for the survival of organics |
title_fullStr |
Atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites at Earth and Mars: implications for the survival of organics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites at Earth and Mars: implications for the survival of organics |
title_sort |
atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites at earth and mars: implications for the survival of organics |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/71317 https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13360 |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_source |
19 1 |
op_relation |
Meteoritics and Planetary Science 1086-9379 http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/71317 doi:10.1111/maps.13360 ST/M003167/1 ST/N000803/1 |
op_rights |
© The Meteoritical Society, 2019. This is the accepted version of the following article: Wilson, A. P., Genge, M. J., Krzesińska, A. M. and Tomkins, A. G. (2019), Atmospheric entry heating of micrometeorites at Earth and Mars: Implications for the survival of organics. Meteorit Planet Sci, 54: 1-19, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13360 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.13360 |
container_title |
Meteoritics & Planetary Science |
container_volume |
54 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
19 |
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1766258162134941696 |