Planck 2013 results. XVII. Gravitational lensing by large-scale structure

• Published in: Astronomy & Astrophysics
• Main Authors: Ade, PAR, Aghanim, N, Armitage-Caplan, C, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, E, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, AJ, Barreiro, RB, Bartlett, JG, Murphy, JA, Naselsky, P, Crill, BP, Nati, F, Keihanen, E, Natoli, P, Netterfield, CB, Norgaard-Nielsen, HU, Noviello, F, Sunyaev, R, Finelli, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Bernard, J-P, Osborne, S, Curto, A, Oxborrow, CA, Paci, F, Remazeilles, M, Pagano, L, Pajot, F, Forni, O, De Bernardis, P, Paoletti, D, Partridge, B, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Perdereau, O, Cuttaia, F, Bersanelli, M, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Prezeaul, G, Renault, C, Mandolesi, N, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Danese, L, Polenta, G, Frailis, M, Ponthieu, N, Bielewicz, P, Sureau, E, Popa, L, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Roudier, G, Basak, S, Davies, RD, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubino-Martin, JA, Sutton, D, Keskitalo, R, Bock, JJ, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Savini, G, Franceschi, E, Scott, D, Seiffert, MD, Davis, RJ, Shellard, EPS, Suur-Uski, A-S, Sygnet, J-F, Kneissl, R, Tauber, JA, Tavagnacco, D, Bonavera, L, Galeotta, S, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Mangilli, A, Lagache, G, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Tuovinen, J, Umana, G, Knoche, J, Ganga, K, Valenziano, L, Valiviita, J, Van Tent, B, Benabed, K, Bond, JR, Poutanen, T, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, LA, Giard, M, Wandelt, BD, White, M, Knox, L, White, SDM, Maris, M, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, De Rosa, A, Zonca, A, Borrill, J, Massardi, M, Bouchet, FR, Bridges, M, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Butler, RC, Marshall, DJ, Kunz, M, Cardoso, J-F, Catalano, A, De Zotti, G, Smith, K, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chiang, HC, Chiang, L-Y, Christensen, PR, Church, S, Martin, PG, Clements, DL, Colombi, S, Kurki-Suonio, H, Giardino, G, Colombo, LPL, Dechelette, T, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J-M, Desert, F-X, Dickinson, C, Diego, JM, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Pratt, GW, Lahteenmaki, A, Dore, O, Douspis, M, Dunkley, J, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Ensslin, TA, Masi, S, Eriksen, HK, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, KM, Prunet, S, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Lamarre, J-M, Gruppuso, A, Gudmundsson, JE, Spencer, LD, Reinecke, M, Hansen, FK, Hanson, D, Harrison, D, Henrot-Versille, S, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Puget, J-L, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, SR, Hivon, E, Kisner, TS, Lasenby, A, Couchot, F, Ho, S, Hobson, M, Holmes, WA, Hornstrup, A, Hovest, W, Huffenberger, KM, Pullen, AR, Jaffe, AH, Starck, J-L, Jaffe, TR, Jones, WC, Matarrese, S, Juvela, M, Laureijs, RJ, Lavabre, A, Lawrence, CR, Leahy, JP, Leonardi, R, Leon-Tavares, J, Bonaldi, A, Rachen, JP, Lesgourgues, J, Lewis, A, Matthai, F, Battaner, E, Liguori, M, Lilje, PB, Linden-Vornle, M, Lopez-Caniego, M, Lubin, PM, Stolyarov, V, Macias-Perez, JF, Maffei, B, Rebolo, R, Maino, D, Mazzotta, P, Melchiorri, A, Benoit, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Migliaccio, M, Stompor, R, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M-A, Coulais, A, Bobin, J, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Moss, A, Benoit-Levy, A, Sudiwala, R, Munshi, D
• Other Authors: Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council 2006-2012
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: EDP SCIENCES S A 2014
• Subjects: Science & Technology; Physical Sciences; Astronomy & Astrophysics; gravitational lensing: weak; methods: data analysis; cosmic background radiation; large-scale structure of Universe; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; POWER SPECTRUM; CROSS-CORRELATION; GALAXY CLUSTERS; NON-GAUSSIANITY; DAMPING TAIL; MAPS; astro-ph.CO; 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences; South Pole; South pole
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/60462; http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000345282600013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202; https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321543

On the arcminute angular scales probed by Planck, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies are gently perturbed by gravitational lensing. Here we present a detailed study of this effect, detecting lensing independently in the 100, 143, and 217 GHz frequency bands with an overall significance of greater than 25σ. We use thetemperature-gradient correlations induced by lensing to reconstruct a (noisy) map of the CMB lensing potential, which provides an integrated measure of the mass distribution back to the CMB last-scattering surface. Our lensing potential map is significantly correlated with other tracers of mass, a fact which we demonstrate using several representative tracers of large-scale structure. We estimate the power spectrum of the lensing potential, finding generally good agreement with expectations from the best-fitting ΛCDM model for the Planck temperature power spectrum, showing that this measurement at z = 1100 correctly predicts the properties of the lower-redshift, later-time structures which source the lensing potential. When combined with the temperature power spectrum, our measurement provides degeneracy-breaking power for parameter constraints; it improves CMB-alone constraints on curvature by a factor of two and also partly breaks the degeneracy between the amplitude of the primordial perturbation power spectrum and the optical depth to reionization, allowing a measurement of the optical depth to reionization which is independent of large-scale polarization data. Discarding scale information, our measurement corresponds to a 4% constraint on the amplitude of the lensing potential power spectrum, or a 2% constraint on the root-mean-squared amplitude of matter fluctuations at z ~ 2.