Effects of winter and summer-time irrigation over Gangetic Plain on the mean and intra-seasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon
The decreasing trend in rainfall in the last few decades over the Indo-Gangetic Plains of northern India as observed in ground-based observations puts increasing stress on groundwater because irrigation uses up to 70 of freshwater resources. In this work, we have analyzed the effects of extensive ir...
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Online Access: | http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/62114/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04691-7 http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/62114/1/Clim_Dyn_2019.pdf |
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ftiiscindia:oai:eprints.iisc.ac.in:62114 2023-05-15T17:36:48+02:00 Effects of winter and summer-time irrigation over Gangetic Plain on the mean and intra-seasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon Agrawal, S. Chakraborty, A. Karmakar, N. Moulds, S. Mijic, A. Buytaert, W. 2019-03-05 application/pdf http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/62114/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04691-7 http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/62114/1/Clim_Dyn_2019.pdf en eng Springer Verlag http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/62114/1/Clim_Dyn_2019.pdf Agrawal, S. and Chakraborty, A. and Karmakar, N. and Moulds, S. and Mijic, A. and Buytaert, W. (2019) Effects of winter and summer-time irrigation over Gangetic Plain on the mean and intra-seasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon. In: Climate Dynamics . (In Press) Divecha Centre for Climate Change Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences Journal Article PeerReviewed 2019 ftiiscindia https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04691-7 2019-04-26T22:07:19Z The decreasing trend in rainfall in the last few decades over the Indo-Gangetic Plains of northern India as observed in ground-based observations puts increasing stress on groundwater because irrigation uses up to 70 of freshwater resources. In this work, we have analyzed the effects of extensive irrigation over the Gangetic Plains on the seasonal mean and intra-seasonal variability of the Indian summer monsoon, using a general circulation model and a very high-resolution soil moisture dataset created using extensive field observations in a state-of-the-art hydrological model. We find that the winter-time (November�March) irrigation has a positive feedback on the Indian summer monsoon through large scale circulation changes. These changes are analogous to a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phase during winter months. The effects of the positive NAO phase persist from winter to spring through widespread changes in surface conditions over western and central Asia, which makes the pre-monsoon conditions suitable for a subsequent good monsoon over India. Winter-time irrigation also resulted in a reduction of low frequency intra-seasonal variability over the Indian region during the monsoon season. However, when irrigation is practiced throughout the year, a decrease in June�September precipitation over the Gangetic Plains, significant at 95 level, is noted as compared to the no-irrigation scenario. This decrease is attributed to the increase in local soil moisture due to irrigation, which results in a southward shift of the moisture convergence zone during the active phase of monsoon, decreasing its mean and intraseasonal variability. Interestingly, these changes show a remarkable similarity to the long-term trend in observed rainfall spatial pattern and low-frequency variability. Our results suggest that with a decline in the mean summer precipitation and stressed groundwater resources in the Gangetic Plains, the water crisis could exacerbate, with irrigation having a weakening effect on the regional monsoon. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore: ePrints@IIsc Indian Climate Dynamics 53 5-6 3147 3166 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore: ePrints@IIsc |
op_collection_id |
ftiiscindia |
language |
English |
topic |
Divecha Centre for Climate Change Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Divecha Centre for Climate Change Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences Agrawal, S. Chakraborty, A. Karmakar, N. Moulds, S. Mijic, A. Buytaert, W. Effects of winter and summer-time irrigation over Gangetic Plain on the mean and intra-seasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon |
topic_facet |
Divecha Centre for Climate Change Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences |
description |
The decreasing trend in rainfall in the last few decades over the Indo-Gangetic Plains of northern India as observed in ground-based observations puts increasing stress on groundwater because irrigation uses up to 70 of freshwater resources. In this work, we have analyzed the effects of extensive irrigation over the Gangetic Plains on the seasonal mean and intra-seasonal variability of the Indian summer monsoon, using a general circulation model and a very high-resolution soil moisture dataset created using extensive field observations in a state-of-the-art hydrological model. We find that the winter-time (November�March) irrigation has a positive feedback on the Indian summer monsoon through large scale circulation changes. These changes are analogous to a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phase during winter months. The effects of the positive NAO phase persist from winter to spring through widespread changes in surface conditions over western and central Asia, which makes the pre-monsoon conditions suitable for a subsequent good monsoon over India. Winter-time irrigation also resulted in a reduction of low frequency intra-seasonal variability over the Indian region during the monsoon season. However, when irrigation is practiced throughout the year, a decrease in June�September precipitation over the Gangetic Plains, significant at 95 level, is noted as compared to the no-irrigation scenario. This decrease is attributed to the increase in local soil moisture due to irrigation, which results in a southward shift of the moisture convergence zone during the active phase of monsoon, decreasing its mean and intraseasonal variability. Interestingly, these changes show a remarkable similarity to the long-term trend in observed rainfall spatial pattern and low-frequency variability. Our results suggest that with a decline in the mean summer precipitation and stressed groundwater resources in the Gangetic Plains, the water crisis could exacerbate, with irrigation having a weakening effect on the regional monsoon. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Agrawal, S. Chakraborty, A. Karmakar, N. Moulds, S. Mijic, A. Buytaert, W. |
author_facet |
Agrawal, S. Chakraborty, A. Karmakar, N. Moulds, S. Mijic, A. Buytaert, W. |
author_sort |
Agrawal, S. |
title |
Effects of winter and summer-time irrigation over Gangetic Plain on the mean and intra-seasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon |
title_short |
Effects of winter and summer-time irrigation over Gangetic Plain on the mean and intra-seasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon |
title_full |
Effects of winter and summer-time irrigation over Gangetic Plain on the mean and intra-seasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon |
title_fullStr |
Effects of winter and summer-time irrigation over Gangetic Plain on the mean and intra-seasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of winter and summer-time irrigation over Gangetic Plain on the mean and intra-seasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon |
title_sort |
effects of winter and summer-time irrigation over gangetic plain on the mean and intra-seasonal variability of indian summer monsoon |
publisher |
Springer Verlag |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/62114/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04691-7 http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/62114/1/Clim_Dyn_2019.pdf |
geographic |
Indian |
geographic_facet |
Indian |
genre |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_relation |
http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/62114/1/Clim_Dyn_2019.pdf Agrawal, S. and Chakraborty, A. and Karmakar, N. and Moulds, S. and Mijic, A. and Buytaert, W. (2019) Effects of winter and summer-time irrigation over Gangetic Plain on the mean and intra-seasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon. In: Climate Dynamics . (In Press) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04691-7 |
container_title |
Climate Dynamics |
container_volume |
53 |
container_issue |
5-6 |
container_start_page |
3147 |
op_container_end_page |
3166 |
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1766136414098948096 |