Global Wave Hindcasts Using the Observation-Based Source Terms: Description and Validation
Global wave hindcasts are developed using the third generation spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III with the observation-based source terms (ST6) and a hybrid rectilinear-curvilinear, irregular-regular-irregular grid system (approximately at urn:x-wiley:19422466:media:jame21415:jame21415-math-0001). Th...
Published in: | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
Wiley;
2021
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002493 http://cdm21063.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p21063coll3/id/14263 |
Summary: | Global wave hindcasts are developed using the third generation spectral wave model WAVEWATCH III with the observation-based source terms (ST6) and a hybrid rectilinear-curvilinear, irregular-regular-irregular grid system (approximately at urn:x-wiley:19422466:media:jame21415:jame21415-math-0001). Three distinct global hindcasts are produced: (a) a long-term hindcast (1979–2019) forced by the ERA5 conventional winds urn:x-wiley:19422466:media:jame21415:jame21415-math-0002 and (b) two short-term hindcasts (2011–2019) driven by the NCEP climate forecast system (CFS)v2 urn:x-wiley:19422466:media:jame21415:jame21415-math-0003 and the ERA5 neutral winds urn:x-wiley:19422466:media:jame21415:jame21415-math-0004, respectively. The input field for ice is sourced from the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) sea-ice concentration climate data records. These wave simulations, together with the driving wind forcing, are validated against extensive in-situ observations and satellite altimeter records. The performance of the ST6 wave hindcasts shows promising results across multiple wave parameters, including the conventional wave characteristics (e.g., wave height urn:x-wiley:19422466:media:jame21415:jame21415-math-0005 and wave period) and high-order spectral moments (e.g., the surface Stokes drift and mean square slope). The ERA5-based simulations generally present lower random errors, but the CFS-based run represents extreme sea states (e.g., urn:x-wiley:19422466:media:jame21415:jame21415-math-0006 m) considerably better. Novel wave parameters available in our hindcasts, namely the dominant wave breaking probability, wave-induced mixed layer depth, freak wave indexes and wave-spreading factor, are further described and briefly discussed. Inter-comparisons of urn:x-wiley:19422466:media:jame21415:jame21415-math-0007 from the long-term (41 years) wave hindcast, buoy measurements and two different calibrated altimeter data sets highlight the inconsistency in these altimeter records arising from different ... |
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