Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic
Circulation patterns in the North Atlantic Ocean have changed and re-organized multiple times over millions of years, influencing the biodiversity, distribution, and connectivity patterns of deep-sea species and ecosystems. In this study, we review the effects of the water mass properties (temperatu...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10508/14818 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 |
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ftieo:oai:repositorio.ieo.es:10508/14818 2023-06-11T04:14:18+02:00 Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic Puerta, P. (Patricia) Johnson, C. Carreiro-Silva, M. (Marina) Henry, L.A. (Lea Anne) Kenchington, E. (Ellen) Morato, T. (Telmo) Wei, Chih-Lin 2020 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/14818 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 eng eng Frontiers Media SA Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.00239/full 2296-7745 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/14818 doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 Atribución 3.0 España http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ open access North Atlantic deep-sea biodiversity biogeography water masses vulnerable marine ecosystems research article 2020 ftieo https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 2023-05-02T23:49:28Z Circulation patterns in the North Atlantic Ocean have changed and re-organized multiple times over millions of years, influencing the biodiversity, distribution, and connectivity patterns of deep-sea species and ecosystems. In this study, we review the effects of the water mass properties (temperature, salinity, food supply, carbonate chemistry, and oxygen) on deep-sea benthic megafauna (from species to community level) and discussed in future scenarios of climate change. We focus on the key oceanic controls on deep-sea megafauna biodiversity and biogeography patterns. We place particular attention on cold-water corals and sponges, as these are ecosystem-engineering organisms that constitute vulnerable marine ecosystems (VME) with high associated biodiversity. Besides documenting the current state of the knowledge on this topic, a future scenario for water mass properties in the deep North Atlantic basin was predicted. The pace and severity of climate change in the deep-sea will vary across regions. However, predicted water mass properties showed that all regions in the North Atlantic will be exposed to multiple stressors by 2100, experiencing at least one critical change in water temperature (+2 ◦C), organic carbon fluxes (reduced up to 50%), ocean acidification (pH reduced up to 0.3), aragonite saturation horizon (shoaling above 1000 m) and/or reduction in dissolved oxygen (>5%). The northernmost regions of the North Atlantic will suffer the greatest impacts. Warmer and more acidic oceans will drastically reduce the suitable habitat for ecosystem-engineers, with severe consequences such as declines in population densities, even compromising their long-term survival, loss of biodiversity and reduced biogeographic distribution that might compromise connectivity at large scales. These effects can be aggravated by reductions in carbon fluxes, particularly in areas where food availability is already limited. Declines in benthic biomass and biodiversity will diminish ecosystem services such as habitat provision, ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Ocean acidification Instituto Español de Oceanografía: e-IEO Frontiers in Marine Science 7 |
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Open Polar |
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Instituto Español de Oceanografía: e-IEO |
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ftieo |
language |
English |
topic |
North Atlantic deep-sea biodiversity biogeography water masses vulnerable marine ecosystems |
spellingShingle |
North Atlantic deep-sea biodiversity biogeography water masses vulnerable marine ecosystems Puerta, P. (Patricia) Johnson, C. Carreiro-Silva, M. (Marina) Henry, L.A. (Lea Anne) Kenchington, E. (Ellen) Morato, T. (Telmo) Wei, Chih-Lin Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic |
topic_facet |
North Atlantic deep-sea biodiversity biogeography water masses vulnerable marine ecosystems |
description |
Circulation patterns in the North Atlantic Ocean have changed and re-organized multiple times over millions of years, influencing the biodiversity, distribution, and connectivity patterns of deep-sea species and ecosystems. In this study, we review the effects of the water mass properties (temperature, salinity, food supply, carbonate chemistry, and oxygen) on deep-sea benthic megafauna (from species to community level) and discussed in future scenarios of climate change. We focus on the key oceanic controls on deep-sea megafauna biodiversity and biogeography patterns. We place particular attention on cold-water corals and sponges, as these are ecosystem-engineering organisms that constitute vulnerable marine ecosystems (VME) with high associated biodiversity. Besides documenting the current state of the knowledge on this topic, a future scenario for water mass properties in the deep North Atlantic basin was predicted. The pace and severity of climate change in the deep-sea will vary across regions. However, predicted water mass properties showed that all regions in the North Atlantic will be exposed to multiple stressors by 2100, experiencing at least one critical change in water temperature (+2 ◦C), organic carbon fluxes (reduced up to 50%), ocean acidification (pH reduced up to 0.3), aragonite saturation horizon (shoaling above 1000 m) and/or reduction in dissolved oxygen (>5%). The northernmost regions of the North Atlantic will suffer the greatest impacts. Warmer and more acidic oceans will drastically reduce the suitable habitat for ecosystem-engineers, with severe consequences such as declines in population densities, even compromising their long-term survival, loss of biodiversity and reduced biogeographic distribution that might compromise connectivity at large scales. These effects can be aggravated by reductions in carbon fluxes, particularly in areas where food availability is already limited. Declines in benthic biomass and biodiversity will diminish ecosystem services such as habitat provision, ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Puerta, P. (Patricia) Johnson, C. Carreiro-Silva, M. (Marina) Henry, L.A. (Lea Anne) Kenchington, E. (Ellen) Morato, T. (Telmo) Wei, Chih-Lin |
author_facet |
Puerta, P. (Patricia) Johnson, C. Carreiro-Silva, M. (Marina) Henry, L.A. (Lea Anne) Kenchington, E. (Ellen) Morato, T. (Telmo) Wei, Chih-Lin |
author_sort |
Puerta, P. (Patricia) |
title |
Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic |
title_short |
Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic |
title_full |
Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic |
title_fullStr |
Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic |
title_sort |
influence of water masses on the biodiversity and biogeography of deep-sea benthic ecosystems in the north atlantic |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10508/14818 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 |
genre |
North Atlantic Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.00239/full 2296-7745 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/14818 doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 |
op_rights |
Atribución 3.0 España http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ open access |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00239 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
7 |
_version_ |
1768392231574568960 |