Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans
The ocean surface microlayer (SML), with physicochemical characteristics different from those of subsurface waters (SSW), results in dense and active viral and microbial communities that may favor virus–host interactions. Conversely, wind speed and/or UV radiation could adversely affect virus infect...
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Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias
2021
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11574 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 |
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ftieo:oai:repositorio.ieo.es:10508/11574 2023-05-15T13:41:24+02:00 Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans Vaqué, D. (Dolors) Boras, Julia Anna Arrieta, J.M. (Jesús María) Agustí, S. (Susana) Duarte, C.M. (Carlos Manuel) Sala, M.M. (María Montserrat) Océan antarctique Antarctic Ocean Océano Antártico 2021 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11574 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 eng eng Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias 2076-2607 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11574 Microorganisms, 9,317. 2021: 1-22 doi:10.3390/microorganisms9020317 Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ openAccess CC-BY-NC-ND Prokaryotes Viruses Virus-mediated mortality Surface microlayer Subsurface water Arctic and Antarctic Oceans maps access microorganisms oceans article 2021 ftieo https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 2022-07-26T23:49:11Z The ocean surface microlayer (SML), with physicochemical characteristics different from those of subsurface waters (SSW), results in dense and active viral and microbial communities that may favor virus–host interactions. Conversely, wind speed and/or UV radiation could adversely affect virus infection. Furthermore, in polar regions, organic and inorganic nutrient inputs from melting ice may increase microbial activity in the SML. Since the role of viruses in the microbial food web of the SML is poorly understood in polar oceans, we aimed to study the impact of viruses on prokaryotic communities in the SML and in the SSW in Arctic and Antarctic waters. We hypothesized that a higher viral activity in the SML than in the SSW in both polar systems would be observed. We measured viral and prokaryote abundances, virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes, heterotrophic and phototrophic nanoflagellate abundance, and environmental factors. In both polar zones, we found small differences in environmental factors between the SML and the SSW. In contrast, despite the adverse effect of wind, viral and prokaryote abundances and virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes were higher in the SML than in the SSW. As a consequence, the higher carbon flux released by lysed cells in the SML than in the SSW would increase the pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and be rapidly used by other prokaryotes to grow (the viral shunt). Thus, our results suggest that viral activity greatly contributes to the functioning of the microbial food web in the SML, which could influence the biogeochemical cycles of the water column En prensa 0 Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Antarctique* Arctic Instituto Español de Oceanografía: e-IEO Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Arctic Microorganisms 9 2 317 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Instituto Español de Oceanografía: e-IEO |
op_collection_id |
ftieo |
language |
English |
topic |
Prokaryotes Viruses Virus-mediated mortality Surface microlayer Subsurface water Arctic and Antarctic Oceans maps access microorganisms oceans |
spellingShingle |
Prokaryotes Viruses Virus-mediated mortality Surface microlayer Subsurface water Arctic and Antarctic Oceans maps access microorganisms oceans Vaqué, D. (Dolors) Boras, Julia Anna Arrieta, J.M. (Jesús María) Agustí, S. (Susana) Duarte, C.M. (Carlos Manuel) Sala, M.M. (María Montserrat) Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
topic_facet |
Prokaryotes Viruses Virus-mediated mortality Surface microlayer Subsurface water Arctic and Antarctic Oceans maps access microorganisms oceans |
description |
The ocean surface microlayer (SML), with physicochemical characteristics different from those of subsurface waters (SSW), results in dense and active viral and microbial communities that may favor virus–host interactions. Conversely, wind speed and/or UV radiation could adversely affect virus infection. Furthermore, in polar regions, organic and inorganic nutrient inputs from melting ice may increase microbial activity in the SML. Since the role of viruses in the microbial food web of the SML is poorly understood in polar oceans, we aimed to study the impact of viruses on prokaryotic communities in the SML and in the SSW in Arctic and Antarctic waters. We hypothesized that a higher viral activity in the SML than in the SSW in both polar systems would be observed. We measured viral and prokaryote abundances, virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes, heterotrophic and phototrophic nanoflagellate abundance, and environmental factors. In both polar zones, we found small differences in environmental factors between the SML and the SSW. In contrast, despite the adverse effect of wind, viral and prokaryote abundances and virus-mediated mortality on prokaryotes were higher in the SML than in the SSW. As a consequence, the higher carbon flux released by lysed cells in the SML than in the SSW would increase the pool of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and be rapidly used by other prokaryotes to grow (the viral shunt). Thus, our results suggest that viral activity greatly contributes to the functioning of the microbial food web in the SML, which could influence the biogeochemical cycles of the water column En prensa 0 |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vaqué, D. (Dolors) Boras, Julia Anna Arrieta, J.M. (Jesús María) Agustí, S. (Susana) Duarte, C.M. (Carlos Manuel) Sala, M.M. (María Montserrat) |
author_facet |
Vaqué, D. (Dolors) Boras, Julia Anna Arrieta, J.M. (Jesús María) Agustí, S. (Susana) Duarte, C.M. (Carlos Manuel) Sala, M.M. (María Montserrat) |
author_sort |
Vaqué, D. (Dolors) |
title |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_short |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_full |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_fullStr |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Enhanced Viral Activity in the Surface Microlayer of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans |
title_sort |
enhanced viral activity in the surface microlayer of the arctic and antarctic oceans |
publisher |
Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11574 https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 |
op_coverage |
Océan antarctique Antarctic Ocean Océano Antártico |
geographic |
Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Arctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Antarctique* Arctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Ocean Antarctique* Arctic |
op_relation |
2076-2607 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/11574 Microorganisms, 9,317. 2021: 1-22 doi:10.3390/microorganisms9020317 |
op_rights |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 España http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020317 |
container_title |
Microorganisms |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
317 |
_version_ |
1766150552276697088 |