Biodiversity and bioprospecting of fungal endophytes from the Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis

• Published in: Journal of Fungi
• Main Authors: Bertini, Laura, Perazzolli, Michele, Proietti, Silvia, Capaldi, Gloria, Savatin, Daniel V, Bigini, Valentina, Longa, Claudia Maria, Basaglia, Marina, Favaro, Lorenzo, Casella, Sergio, Fongaro, Benedetta, Polverino de Laureto, Patrizia, Caruso, Carla
• Other Authors: Bertini, L., Perazzolli, M., Proietti, S., Capaldi, G., Savatin, D.V., Bigini, V., Longa, C.M., Basaglia, M., Favaro, L., Casella, S., Fongaro, B., Polverino de Laureto, P., Caruso, C.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Antarctic fungi; DNA barcoding; Bioactive compounds; Culturomics; Extracellular enzymes; Plant–fungus interaction; Settore BIO/04 - FISIOLOGIA VEGETALE; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10449/76995; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8090979

Microorganisms from extreme environments are considered as a new and valuable reservoir of bioactive molecules of biotechnological interest and are also utilized as tools for enhancing tolerance to (a)biotic stresses in crops. In this study, the fungal endophytic community associated with the leaves of the Antarctic angiosperm Colobanthus quitensis was investigated as a new source of bioactive molecules. We isolated 132 fungal strains and taxonomically annotated 26 representative isolates, which mainly belonged to the Basidiomycota division. Selected isolates of Trametes sp., Lenzites sp., Sistotrema sp., and Peniophora sp. displayed broad extracellular enzymatic profiles; fungal extracts from some of them showed dose-dependent antitumor activity and inhibited the formation of amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein and its pathological mutant E46K. Selected fungal isolates were also able to promote secondary root development and fresh weight increase in Arabidopsis and tomato and antagonize the growth of pathogenic fungi harmful to crops. This study emphasizes the ecological and biotechnological relevance of fungi from the Antarctic ecosystem and provides clues to the bioprospecting of Antarctic Basidiomycetes fungi for industrial, agricultural, and medical applications.