Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to mater...
Published in: | The Lancet |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
2014
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10033/621466 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60696-6 |
id |
fthzi:oai:repository.helmholtz-hzi.de:10033/621466 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Helmholtz Centre of Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig: Repository |
op_collection_id |
fthzi |
language |
unknown |
description |
The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to maternal death, and timing of maternal death with respect to delivery. We used robust statistical methods including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) to analyse a database of data for 7065 site-years and estimate the number of maternal deaths from all causes in 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. We estimated the number of pregnancy-related deaths caused by HIV on the basis of a systematic review of the relative risk of dying during pregnancy for HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women. We also estimated the fraction of these deaths aggravated by pregnancy on the basis of a systematic review. To estimate the numbers of maternal deaths due to nine different causes, we identified 61 sources from a systematic review and 943 site-years of vital registration data. We also did a systematic review of reports about the timing of maternal death, identifying 142 sources to use in our analysis. We developed estimates for each country for 1990-2013 using Bayesian meta-regression. We estimated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for all values. 292,982 (95% UI 261,017-327,792) maternal deaths occurred in 2013, compared with 376,034 (343,483-407,574) in 1990. The global annual rate of change in the MMR was -0·3% (-1·1 to 0·6) from 1990 to 2003, and -2·7% (-3·9 to -1·5) from 2003 to 2013, with evidence of continued acceleration. MMRs reduced consistently in south, east, and southeast Asia between 1990 and 2013, but maternal deaths increased in much of sub-Saharan Africa during the 1990s. 2070 (1290-2866) maternal deaths were related to HIV in 2013, 0·4% (0·2-0·6) of the global total. MMR was highest in the oldest age groups in both 1990 and 2013. In 2013, most deaths occurred intrapartum or postpartum. Causes varied by region and between 1990 and 2013. We recorded substantial variation in the MMR by country in 2013, from 956·8 (685·1-1262·8) in South Sudan to 2·4 (1·6-3·6) in Iceland. Global rates of change suggest that only 16 countries will achieve the MDG 5 target by 2015. Accelerated reductions since the Millennium Declaration in 2000 coincide with increased development assistance for maternal, newborn, and child health. Setting of targets and associated interventions for after 2015 will need careful consideration of regions that are making slow progress, such as west and central Africa. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kassebaum, Nicholas J Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia Coggeshall, Megan S Shackelford, Katya A Steiner, Caitlyn Heuton, Kyle R Gonzalez-Medina, Diego Barber, Ryan Huynh, Chantal Dicker, Daniel Templin, Tara Wolock, Timothy M Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu Abd-Allah, Foad Abera, Semaw Ferede Abubakar, Ibrahim Achoki, Tom Adelekan, Ademola Ademi, Zanfina Adou, Arsène Kouablan Adsuar, José C Agardh, Emilie E Akena, Dickens Alasfoor, Deena Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael Alhabib, Samia Ali, Raghib Al Kahbouri, Mazin J Alla, François Allen, Peter J AlMazroa, Mohammad A Alsharif, Ubai Alvarez, Elena Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson Amankwaa, Adansi A Amare, Azmeraw T Amini, Hassan Ammar, Walid Antonio, Carl A T Anwari, Palwasha Arnlöv, Johan Arsenijevic, Valentina S Arsic Artaman, Ali Asad, Majed Masoud Asghar, Rana J Assadi, Reza Atkins, Lydia S Badawi, Alaa Balakrishnan, Kalpana Basu, Arindam Basu, Sanjay Beardsley, Justin Bedi, Neeraj Bekele, Tolesa Bell, Michelle L Bernabe, Eduardo Beyene, Tariku J Bhutta, Zulfiqar Bin Abdulhak, Aref Blore, Jed D Basara, Berrak Bora Bose, Dipan Breitborde, Nicholas Cárdenas, Rosario Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Castro, Ruben Estanislao Catalá-López, Ferrán Cavlin, Alanur Chang, Jung-Chen Che, Xuan Christophi, Costas A Chugh, Sumeet S Cirillo, Massimo Colquhoun, Samantha M Cooper, Leslie Trumbull Cooper, Cyrus da Costa Leite, Iuri Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Davis, Adrian Dayama, Anand Degenhardt, Louisa De Leo, Diego del Pozo-Cruz, Borja Deribe, Kebede Dessalegn, Muluken deVeber, Gabrielle A Dharmaratne, Samath D Dilmen, Uğur Ding, Eric L Dorrington, Rob E Driscoll, Tim R Ermakov, Sergei Petrovich Esteghamati, Alireza Faraon, Emerito Jose A Farzadfar, Farshad Felicio, Manuela Mendonca Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad de Lima, Graça Maria Ferreira Forouzanfar, Mohammad H França, Elisabeth B Gaffikin, Lynne Gambashidze, Ketevan Gankpé, Fortuné Gbètoho Garcia, Ana C Geleijnse, Johanna M Gibney, Katherine B Giroud, Maurice Glaser, Elizabeth L Goginashvili, Ketevan Gona, Philimon González-Castell, Dinorah Goto, Atsushi Gouda, Hebe N Gugnani, Harish Chander Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi Hammami, Mouhanad Hankey, Graeme J Harb, Hilda L Havmoeller, Rasmus Hay, Simon I Pi, Ileana B Heredia Hoek, Hans W Hosgood, H Dean Hoy, Damian G Husseini, Abdullatif Idrisov, Bulat T Innos, Kaire Inoue, Manami Jacobsen, Kathryn H Jahangir, Eiman Jee, Sun Ha Jensen, Paul N Jha, Vivekanand Jiang, Guohong Jonas, Jost B Juel, Knud Kabagambe, Edmond Kato Kan, Haidong Karam, Nadim E Karch, André Karema, Corine Kakizi Kaul, Anil Kawakami, Norito Kazanjan, Konstantin Kazi, Dhruv S Kemp, Andrew H Kengne, Andre Pascal Kereselidze, Maia Khader, Yousef Saleh Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khan, Ejaz Ahmed Khang, Young-Ho Knibbs, Luke Kokubo, Yoshihiro Kosen, Soewarta Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kulkarni, Chanda Kulkarni, Veena S Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Kaushalendra Kumar, Ravi B Kwan, Gene Lai, Taavi Lalloo, Ratilal Lam, Hilton Lansingh, Van C Larsson, Anders Lee, Jong-Tae Leigh, James Leinsalu, Mall Leung, Ricky Li, Xiaohong Li, Yichong Li, Yongmei Liang, Juan Liang, Xiaofeng Lim, Stephen S Lin, Hsien-Ho Lipshultz, Steven E Liu, Shiwei Liu, Yang Lloyd, Belinda K London, Stephanie J Lotufo, Paulo A Ma, Jixiang Ma, Stefan Machado, Vasco Manuel Pedro Mainoo, Nana Kwaku Majdan, Marek Mapoma, Christopher Chabila Marcenes, Wagner Marzan, Melvin Barrientos Mason-Jones, Amanda J Mehndiratta, Man Mohan Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola Memish, Ziad A Mendoza, Walter Miller, Ted R Mills, Edward J Mokdad, Ali H Mola, Glen Liddell Monasta, Lorenzo de la Cruz Monis, Jonathan Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez Moore, Ami R Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Mori, Rintaro Mueller, Ulrich O Mukaigawara, Mitsuru Naheed, Aliya Naidoo, Kovin S Nand, Devina Nangia, Vinay Nash, Denis Nejjari, Chakib Nelson, Robert G Neupane, Sudan Prasad Newton, Charles R Ng, Marie Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J Nisar, Muhammad Imran Nolte, Sandra Norheim, Ole F Nyakarahuka, Luke Oh, In-Hwan Ohkubo, Takayoshi Olusanya, Bolajoko O Omer, Saad B Opio, John Nelson Orisakwe, Orish Ebere Pandian, Jeyaraj D Papachristou, Christina Park, Jae-Hyun Caicedo, Angel J Paternina Patten, Scott B Paul, Vinod K Pavlin, Boris Igor Pearce, Neil Pereira, David M Pesudovs, Konrad Petzold, Max Poenaru, Dan Polanczyk, Guilherme V Polinder, Suzanne Pope, Dan Pourmalek, Farshad Qato, Dima Quistberg, D Alex Rafay, Anwar Rahimi, Kazem Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa ur Rahman, Sajjad Raju, Murugesan Rana, Saleem M Refaat, Amany Ronfani, Luca Roy, Nobhojit Pimienta, Tania Georgina Sánchez Sahraian, Mohammad Ali Salomon, Joshua A Sampson, Uchechukwu Santos, Itamar S Sawhney, Monika Sayinzoga, Felix Schneider, Ione J C Schumacher, Austin Schwebel, David C Seedat, Soraya Sepanlou, Sadaf G Servan-Mori, Edson E Shakh-Nazarova, Marina Sheikhbahaei, Sara Shibuya, Kenji Shin, Hwashin Hyun Shiue, Ivy Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Silberberg, Donald H Silva, Andrea P Singh, Jasvinder A Skirbekk, Vegard Sliwa, Karen Soshnikov, Sergey S Sposato, Luciano A Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos Sturua, Lela Sykes, Bryan L Tabb, Karen M Talongwa, Roberto Tchio Tan, Feng Teixeira, Carolina Maria Tenkorang, Eric Yeboah Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L Tirschwell, David L Towbin, Jeffrey A Tran, Bach X Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis Uchendu, Uche S Ukwaja, Kingsley N Undurraga, Eduardo A Uzun, Selen Begüm Vallely, Andrew J van Gool, Coen H Vasankari, Tommi J Vavilala, Monica S Venketasubramanian, N Villalpando, Salvador Violante, Francesco S Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich Vos, Theo Waller, Stephen Wang, Haidong Wang, Linhong Wang, XiaoRong Wang, Yanping Weichenthal, Scott Weiderpass, Elisabete Weintraub, Robert G Westerman, Ronny Wilkinson, James D Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret Wong, John Q Wordofa, Muluemebet Abera Xu, Gelin Yang, Yang C Yano, Yuichiro Yentur, Gokalp Kadri Yip, Paul Yonemoto, Naohiro Yoon, Seok-Jun Younis, Mustafa Z Yu, Chuanhua Jin, Kim Yun El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Zhao, Yong Zheng, Yingfeng Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Jun Zou, Xiao Nong Lopez, Alan D Naghavi, Mohsen Murray, Christopher J L Lozano, Rafael |
spellingShingle |
Kassebaum, Nicholas J Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia Coggeshall, Megan S Shackelford, Katya A Steiner, Caitlyn Heuton, Kyle R Gonzalez-Medina, Diego Barber, Ryan Huynh, Chantal Dicker, Daniel Templin, Tara Wolock, Timothy M Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu Abd-Allah, Foad Abera, Semaw Ferede Abubakar, Ibrahim Achoki, Tom Adelekan, Ademola Ademi, Zanfina Adou, Arsène Kouablan Adsuar, José C Agardh, Emilie E Akena, Dickens Alasfoor, Deena Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael Alhabib, Samia Ali, Raghib Al Kahbouri, Mazin J Alla, François Allen, Peter J AlMazroa, Mohammad A Alsharif, Ubai Alvarez, Elena Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson Amankwaa, Adansi A Amare, Azmeraw T Amini, Hassan Ammar, Walid Antonio, Carl A T Anwari, Palwasha Arnlöv, Johan Arsenijevic, Valentina S Arsic Artaman, Ali Asad, Majed Masoud Asghar, Rana J Assadi, Reza Atkins, Lydia S Badawi, Alaa Balakrishnan, Kalpana Basu, Arindam Basu, Sanjay Beardsley, Justin Bedi, Neeraj Bekele, Tolesa Bell, Michelle L Bernabe, Eduardo Beyene, Tariku J Bhutta, Zulfiqar Bin Abdulhak, Aref Blore, Jed D Basara, Berrak Bora Bose, Dipan Breitborde, Nicholas Cárdenas, Rosario Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Castro, Ruben Estanislao Catalá-López, Ferrán Cavlin, Alanur Chang, Jung-Chen Che, Xuan Christophi, Costas A Chugh, Sumeet S Cirillo, Massimo Colquhoun, Samantha M Cooper, Leslie Trumbull Cooper, Cyrus da Costa Leite, Iuri Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Davis, Adrian Dayama, Anand Degenhardt, Louisa De Leo, Diego del Pozo-Cruz, Borja Deribe, Kebede Dessalegn, Muluken deVeber, Gabrielle A Dharmaratne, Samath D Dilmen, Uğur Ding, Eric L Dorrington, Rob E Driscoll, Tim R Ermakov, Sergei Petrovich Esteghamati, Alireza Faraon, Emerito Jose A Farzadfar, Farshad Felicio, Manuela Mendonca Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad de Lima, Graça Maria Ferreira Forouzanfar, Mohammad H França, Elisabeth B Gaffikin, Lynne Gambashidze, Ketevan Gankpé, Fortuné Gbètoho Garcia, Ana C Geleijnse, Johanna M Gibney, Katherine B Giroud, Maurice Glaser, Elizabeth L Goginashvili, Ketevan Gona, Philimon González-Castell, Dinorah Goto, Atsushi Gouda, Hebe N Gugnani, Harish Chander Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi Hammami, Mouhanad Hankey, Graeme J Harb, Hilda L Havmoeller, Rasmus Hay, Simon I Pi, Ileana B Heredia Hoek, Hans W Hosgood, H Dean Hoy, Damian G Husseini, Abdullatif Idrisov, Bulat T Innos, Kaire Inoue, Manami Jacobsen, Kathryn H Jahangir, Eiman Jee, Sun Ha Jensen, Paul N Jha, Vivekanand Jiang, Guohong Jonas, Jost B Juel, Knud Kabagambe, Edmond Kato Kan, Haidong Karam, Nadim E Karch, André Karema, Corine Kakizi Kaul, Anil Kawakami, Norito Kazanjan, Konstantin Kazi, Dhruv S Kemp, Andrew H Kengne, Andre Pascal Kereselidze, Maia Khader, Yousef Saleh Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khan, Ejaz Ahmed Khang, Young-Ho Knibbs, Luke Kokubo, Yoshihiro Kosen, Soewarta Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kulkarni, Chanda Kulkarni, Veena S Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Kaushalendra Kumar, Ravi B Kwan, Gene Lai, Taavi Lalloo, Ratilal Lam, Hilton Lansingh, Van C Larsson, Anders Lee, Jong-Tae Leigh, James Leinsalu, Mall Leung, Ricky Li, Xiaohong Li, Yichong Li, Yongmei Liang, Juan Liang, Xiaofeng Lim, Stephen S Lin, Hsien-Ho Lipshultz, Steven E Liu, Shiwei Liu, Yang Lloyd, Belinda K London, Stephanie J Lotufo, Paulo A Ma, Jixiang Ma, Stefan Machado, Vasco Manuel Pedro Mainoo, Nana Kwaku Majdan, Marek Mapoma, Christopher Chabila Marcenes, Wagner Marzan, Melvin Barrientos Mason-Jones, Amanda J Mehndiratta, Man Mohan Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola Memish, Ziad A Mendoza, Walter Miller, Ted R Mills, Edward J Mokdad, Ali H Mola, Glen Liddell Monasta, Lorenzo de la Cruz Monis, Jonathan Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez Moore, Ami R Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Mori, Rintaro Mueller, Ulrich O Mukaigawara, Mitsuru Naheed, Aliya Naidoo, Kovin S Nand, Devina Nangia, Vinay Nash, Denis Nejjari, Chakib Nelson, Robert G Neupane, Sudan Prasad Newton, Charles R Ng, Marie Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J Nisar, Muhammad Imran Nolte, Sandra Norheim, Ole F Nyakarahuka, Luke Oh, In-Hwan Ohkubo, Takayoshi Olusanya, Bolajoko O Omer, Saad B Opio, John Nelson Orisakwe, Orish Ebere Pandian, Jeyaraj D Papachristou, Christina Park, Jae-Hyun Caicedo, Angel J Paternina Patten, Scott B Paul, Vinod K Pavlin, Boris Igor Pearce, Neil Pereira, David M Pesudovs, Konrad Petzold, Max Poenaru, Dan Polanczyk, Guilherme V Polinder, Suzanne Pope, Dan Pourmalek, Farshad Qato, Dima Quistberg, D Alex Rafay, Anwar Rahimi, Kazem Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa ur Rahman, Sajjad Raju, Murugesan Rana, Saleem M Refaat, Amany Ronfani, Luca Roy, Nobhojit Pimienta, Tania Georgina Sánchez Sahraian, Mohammad Ali Salomon, Joshua A Sampson, Uchechukwu Santos, Itamar S Sawhney, Monika Sayinzoga, Felix Schneider, Ione J C Schumacher, Austin Schwebel, David C Seedat, Soraya Sepanlou, Sadaf G Servan-Mori, Edson E Shakh-Nazarova, Marina Sheikhbahaei, Sara Shibuya, Kenji Shin, Hwashin Hyun Shiue, Ivy Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Silberberg, Donald H Silva, Andrea P Singh, Jasvinder A Skirbekk, Vegard Sliwa, Karen Soshnikov, Sergey S Sposato, Luciano A Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos Sturua, Lela Sykes, Bryan L Tabb, Karen M Talongwa, Roberto Tchio Tan, Feng Teixeira, Carolina Maria Tenkorang, Eric Yeboah Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L Tirschwell, David L Towbin, Jeffrey A Tran, Bach X Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis Uchendu, Uche S Ukwaja, Kingsley N Undurraga, Eduardo A Uzun, Selen Begüm Vallely, Andrew J van Gool, Coen H Vasankari, Tommi J Vavilala, Monica S Venketasubramanian, N Villalpando, Salvador Violante, Francesco S Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich Vos, Theo Waller, Stephen Wang, Haidong Wang, Linhong Wang, XiaoRong Wang, Yanping Weichenthal, Scott Weiderpass, Elisabete Weintraub, Robert G Westerman, Ronny Wilkinson, James D Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret Wong, John Q Wordofa, Muluemebet Abera Xu, Gelin Yang, Yang C Yano, Yuichiro Yentur, Gokalp Kadri Yip, Paul Yonemoto, Naohiro Yoon, Seok-Jun Younis, Mustafa Z Yu, Chuanhua Jin, Kim Yun El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Zhao, Yong Zheng, Yingfeng Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Jun Zou, Xiao Nong Lopez, Alan D Naghavi, Mohsen Murray, Christopher J L Lozano, Rafael Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. |
author_facet |
Kassebaum, Nicholas J Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia Coggeshall, Megan S Shackelford, Katya A Steiner, Caitlyn Heuton, Kyle R Gonzalez-Medina, Diego Barber, Ryan Huynh, Chantal Dicker, Daniel Templin, Tara Wolock, Timothy M Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu Abd-Allah, Foad Abera, Semaw Ferede Abubakar, Ibrahim Achoki, Tom Adelekan, Ademola Ademi, Zanfina Adou, Arsène Kouablan Adsuar, José C Agardh, Emilie E Akena, Dickens Alasfoor, Deena Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael Alhabib, Samia Ali, Raghib Al Kahbouri, Mazin J Alla, François Allen, Peter J AlMazroa, Mohammad A Alsharif, Ubai Alvarez, Elena Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson Amankwaa, Adansi A Amare, Azmeraw T Amini, Hassan Ammar, Walid Antonio, Carl A T Anwari, Palwasha Arnlöv, Johan Arsenijevic, Valentina S Arsic Artaman, Ali Asad, Majed Masoud Asghar, Rana J Assadi, Reza Atkins, Lydia S Badawi, Alaa Balakrishnan, Kalpana Basu, Arindam Basu, Sanjay Beardsley, Justin Bedi, Neeraj Bekele, Tolesa Bell, Michelle L Bernabe, Eduardo Beyene, Tariku J Bhutta, Zulfiqar Bin Abdulhak, Aref Blore, Jed D Basara, Berrak Bora Bose, Dipan Breitborde, Nicholas Cárdenas, Rosario Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Castro, Ruben Estanislao Catalá-López, Ferrán Cavlin, Alanur Chang, Jung-Chen Che, Xuan Christophi, Costas A Chugh, Sumeet S Cirillo, Massimo Colquhoun, Samantha M Cooper, Leslie Trumbull Cooper, Cyrus da Costa Leite, Iuri Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Davis, Adrian Dayama, Anand Degenhardt, Louisa De Leo, Diego del Pozo-Cruz, Borja Deribe, Kebede Dessalegn, Muluken deVeber, Gabrielle A Dharmaratne, Samath D Dilmen, Uğur Ding, Eric L Dorrington, Rob E Driscoll, Tim R Ermakov, Sergei Petrovich Esteghamati, Alireza Faraon, Emerito Jose A Farzadfar, Farshad Felicio, Manuela Mendonca Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad de Lima, Graça Maria Ferreira Forouzanfar, Mohammad H França, Elisabeth B Gaffikin, Lynne Gambashidze, Ketevan Gankpé, Fortuné Gbètoho Garcia, Ana C Geleijnse, Johanna M Gibney, Katherine B Giroud, Maurice Glaser, Elizabeth L Goginashvili, Ketevan Gona, Philimon González-Castell, Dinorah Goto, Atsushi Gouda, Hebe N Gugnani, Harish Chander Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi Hammami, Mouhanad Hankey, Graeme J Harb, Hilda L Havmoeller, Rasmus Hay, Simon I Pi, Ileana B Heredia Hoek, Hans W Hosgood, H Dean Hoy, Damian G Husseini, Abdullatif Idrisov, Bulat T Innos, Kaire Inoue, Manami Jacobsen, Kathryn H Jahangir, Eiman Jee, Sun Ha Jensen, Paul N Jha, Vivekanand Jiang, Guohong Jonas, Jost B Juel, Knud Kabagambe, Edmond Kato Kan, Haidong Karam, Nadim E Karch, André Karema, Corine Kakizi Kaul, Anil Kawakami, Norito Kazanjan, Konstantin Kazi, Dhruv S Kemp, Andrew H Kengne, Andre Pascal Kereselidze, Maia Khader, Yousef Saleh Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khan, Ejaz Ahmed Khang, Young-Ho Knibbs, Luke Kokubo, Yoshihiro Kosen, Soewarta Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kulkarni, Chanda Kulkarni, Veena S Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Kaushalendra Kumar, Ravi B Kwan, Gene Lai, Taavi Lalloo, Ratilal Lam, Hilton Lansingh, Van C Larsson, Anders Lee, Jong-Tae Leigh, James Leinsalu, Mall Leung, Ricky Li, Xiaohong Li, Yichong Li, Yongmei Liang, Juan Liang, Xiaofeng Lim, Stephen S Lin, Hsien-Ho Lipshultz, Steven E Liu, Shiwei Liu, Yang Lloyd, Belinda K London, Stephanie J Lotufo, Paulo A Ma, Jixiang Ma, Stefan Machado, Vasco Manuel Pedro Mainoo, Nana Kwaku Majdan, Marek Mapoma, Christopher Chabila Marcenes, Wagner Marzan, Melvin Barrientos Mason-Jones, Amanda J Mehndiratta, Man Mohan Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola Memish, Ziad A Mendoza, Walter Miller, Ted R Mills, Edward J Mokdad, Ali H Mola, Glen Liddell Monasta, Lorenzo de la Cruz Monis, Jonathan Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez Moore, Ami R Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Mori, Rintaro Mueller, Ulrich O Mukaigawara, Mitsuru Naheed, Aliya Naidoo, Kovin S Nand, Devina Nangia, Vinay Nash, Denis Nejjari, Chakib Nelson, Robert G Neupane, Sudan Prasad Newton, Charles R Ng, Marie Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J Nisar, Muhammad Imran Nolte, Sandra Norheim, Ole F Nyakarahuka, Luke Oh, In-Hwan Ohkubo, Takayoshi Olusanya, Bolajoko O Omer, Saad B Opio, John Nelson Orisakwe, Orish Ebere Pandian, Jeyaraj D Papachristou, Christina Park, Jae-Hyun Caicedo, Angel J Paternina Patten, Scott B Paul, Vinod K Pavlin, Boris Igor Pearce, Neil Pereira, David M Pesudovs, Konrad Petzold, Max Poenaru, Dan Polanczyk, Guilherme V Polinder, Suzanne Pope, Dan Pourmalek, Farshad Qato, Dima Quistberg, D Alex Rafay, Anwar Rahimi, Kazem Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa ur Rahman, Sajjad Raju, Murugesan Rana, Saleem M Refaat, Amany Ronfani, Luca Roy, Nobhojit Pimienta, Tania Georgina Sánchez Sahraian, Mohammad Ali Salomon, Joshua A Sampson, Uchechukwu Santos, Itamar S Sawhney, Monika Sayinzoga, Felix Schneider, Ione J C Schumacher, Austin Schwebel, David C Seedat, Soraya Sepanlou, Sadaf G Servan-Mori, Edson E Shakh-Nazarova, Marina Sheikhbahaei, Sara Shibuya, Kenji Shin, Hwashin Hyun Shiue, Ivy Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Silberberg, Donald H Silva, Andrea P Singh, Jasvinder A Skirbekk, Vegard Sliwa, Karen Soshnikov, Sergey S Sposato, Luciano A Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos Sturua, Lela Sykes, Bryan L Tabb, Karen M Talongwa, Roberto Tchio Tan, Feng Teixeira, Carolina Maria Tenkorang, Eric Yeboah Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L Tirschwell, David L Towbin, Jeffrey A Tran, Bach X Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis Uchendu, Uche S Ukwaja, Kingsley N Undurraga, Eduardo A Uzun, Selen Begüm Vallely, Andrew J van Gool, Coen H Vasankari, Tommi J Vavilala, Monica S Venketasubramanian, N Villalpando, Salvador Violante, Francesco S Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich Vos, Theo Waller, Stephen Wang, Haidong Wang, Linhong Wang, XiaoRong Wang, Yanping Weichenthal, Scott Weiderpass, Elisabete Weintraub, Robert G Westerman, Ronny Wilkinson, James D Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret Wong, John Q Wordofa, Muluemebet Abera Xu, Gelin Yang, Yang C Yano, Yuichiro Yentur, Gokalp Kadri Yip, Paul Yonemoto, Naohiro Yoon, Seok-Jun Younis, Mustafa Z Yu, Chuanhua Jin, Kim Yun El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Zhao, Yong Zheng, Yingfeng Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Jun Zou, Xiao Nong Lopez, Alan D Naghavi, Mohsen Murray, Christopher J L Lozano, Rafael |
author_sort |
Kassebaum, Nicholas J |
title |
Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. |
title_short |
Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. |
title_full |
Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. |
title_fullStr |
Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. |
title_sort |
global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2013. |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10033/621466 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60696-6 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(141.975,141.975,60.184,60.184) |
geographic |
Uis |
geographic_facet |
Uis |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Lancet (London, England) |
op_relation |
1474-547X 24797575 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60696-6 http://hdl.handle.net/10033/621466 |
op_rights |
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-SA |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60696-6 |
container_title |
The Lancet |
container_volume |
384 |
container_issue |
9947 |
container_start_page |
980 |
op_container_end_page |
1004 |
_version_ |
1766043682878783488 |
spelling |
fthzi:oai:repository.helmholtz-hzi.de:10033/621466 2023-05-15T16:53:10+02:00 Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Kassebaum, Nicholas J Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia Coggeshall, Megan S Shackelford, Katya A Steiner, Caitlyn Heuton, Kyle R Gonzalez-Medina, Diego Barber, Ryan Huynh, Chantal Dicker, Daniel Templin, Tara Wolock, Timothy M Ozgoren, Ayse Abbasoglu Abd-Allah, Foad Abera, Semaw Ferede Abubakar, Ibrahim Achoki, Tom Adelekan, Ademola Ademi, Zanfina Adou, Arsène Kouablan Adsuar, José C Agardh, Emilie E Akena, Dickens Alasfoor, Deena Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw Alfonso-Cristancho, Rafael Alhabib, Samia Ali, Raghib Al Kahbouri, Mazin J Alla, François Allen, Peter J AlMazroa, Mohammad A Alsharif, Ubai Alvarez, Elena Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson Amankwaa, Adansi A Amare, Azmeraw T Amini, Hassan Ammar, Walid Antonio, Carl A T Anwari, Palwasha Arnlöv, Johan Arsenijevic, Valentina S Arsic Artaman, Ali Asad, Majed Masoud Asghar, Rana J Assadi, Reza Atkins, Lydia S Badawi, Alaa Balakrishnan, Kalpana Basu, Arindam Basu, Sanjay Beardsley, Justin Bedi, Neeraj Bekele, Tolesa Bell, Michelle L Bernabe, Eduardo Beyene, Tariku J Bhutta, Zulfiqar Bin Abdulhak, Aref Blore, Jed D Basara, Berrak Bora Bose, Dipan Breitborde, Nicholas Cárdenas, Rosario Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A Castro, Ruben Estanislao Catalá-López, Ferrán Cavlin, Alanur Chang, Jung-Chen Che, Xuan Christophi, Costas A Chugh, Sumeet S Cirillo, Massimo Colquhoun, Samantha M Cooper, Leslie Trumbull Cooper, Cyrus da Costa Leite, Iuri Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Davis, Adrian Dayama, Anand Degenhardt, Louisa De Leo, Diego del Pozo-Cruz, Borja Deribe, Kebede Dessalegn, Muluken deVeber, Gabrielle A Dharmaratne, Samath D Dilmen, Uğur Ding, Eric L Dorrington, Rob E Driscoll, Tim R Ermakov, Sergei Petrovich Esteghamati, Alireza Faraon, Emerito Jose A Farzadfar, Farshad Felicio, Manuela Mendonca Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad de Lima, Graça Maria Ferreira Forouzanfar, Mohammad H França, Elisabeth B Gaffikin, Lynne Gambashidze, Ketevan Gankpé, Fortuné Gbètoho Garcia, Ana C Geleijnse, Johanna M Gibney, Katherine B Giroud, Maurice Glaser, Elizabeth L Goginashvili, Ketevan Gona, Philimon González-Castell, Dinorah Goto, Atsushi Gouda, Hebe N Gugnani, Harish Chander Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi Hammami, Mouhanad Hankey, Graeme J Harb, Hilda L Havmoeller, Rasmus Hay, Simon I Pi, Ileana B Heredia Hoek, Hans W Hosgood, H Dean Hoy, Damian G Husseini, Abdullatif Idrisov, Bulat T Innos, Kaire Inoue, Manami Jacobsen, Kathryn H Jahangir, Eiman Jee, Sun Ha Jensen, Paul N Jha, Vivekanand Jiang, Guohong Jonas, Jost B Juel, Knud Kabagambe, Edmond Kato Kan, Haidong Karam, Nadim E Karch, André Karema, Corine Kakizi Kaul, Anil Kawakami, Norito Kazanjan, Konstantin Kazi, Dhruv S Kemp, Andrew H Kengne, Andre Pascal Kereselidze, Maia Khader, Yousef Saleh Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khan, Ejaz Ahmed Khang, Young-Ho Knibbs, Luke Kokubo, Yoshihiro Kosen, Soewarta Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kulkarni, Chanda Kulkarni, Veena S Kumar, G Anil Kumar, Kaushalendra Kumar, Ravi B Kwan, Gene Lai, Taavi Lalloo, Ratilal Lam, Hilton Lansingh, Van C Larsson, Anders Lee, Jong-Tae Leigh, James Leinsalu, Mall Leung, Ricky Li, Xiaohong Li, Yichong Li, Yongmei Liang, Juan Liang, Xiaofeng Lim, Stephen S Lin, Hsien-Ho Lipshultz, Steven E Liu, Shiwei Liu, Yang Lloyd, Belinda K London, Stephanie J Lotufo, Paulo A Ma, Jixiang Ma, Stefan Machado, Vasco Manuel Pedro Mainoo, Nana Kwaku Majdan, Marek Mapoma, Christopher Chabila Marcenes, Wagner Marzan, Melvin Barrientos Mason-Jones, Amanda J Mehndiratta, Man Mohan Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola Memish, Ziad A Mendoza, Walter Miller, Ted R Mills, Edward J Mokdad, Ali H Mola, Glen Liddell Monasta, Lorenzo de la Cruz Monis, Jonathan Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez Moore, Ami R Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar Mori, Rintaro Mueller, Ulrich O Mukaigawara, Mitsuru Naheed, Aliya Naidoo, Kovin S Nand, Devina Nangia, Vinay Nash, Denis Nejjari, Chakib Nelson, Robert G Neupane, Sudan Prasad Newton, Charles R Ng, Marie Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J Nisar, Muhammad Imran Nolte, Sandra Norheim, Ole F Nyakarahuka, Luke Oh, In-Hwan Ohkubo, Takayoshi Olusanya, Bolajoko O Omer, Saad B Opio, John Nelson Orisakwe, Orish Ebere Pandian, Jeyaraj D Papachristou, Christina Park, Jae-Hyun Caicedo, Angel J Paternina Patten, Scott B Paul, Vinod K Pavlin, Boris Igor Pearce, Neil Pereira, David M Pesudovs, Konrad Petzold, Max Poenaru, Dan Polanczyk, Guilherme V Polinder, Suzanne Pope, Dan Pourmalek, Farshad Qato, Dima Quistberg, D Alex Rafay, Anwar Rahimi, Kazem Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa ur Rahman, Sajjad Raju, Murugesan Rana, Saleem M Refaat, Amany Ronfani, Luca Roy, Nobhojit Pimienta, Tania Georgina Sánchez Sahraian, Mohammad Ali Salomon, Joshua A Sampson, Uchechukwu Santos, Itamar S Sawhney, Monika Sayinzoga, Felix Schneider, Ione J C Schumacher, Austin Schwebel, David C Seedat, Soraya Sepanlou, Sadaf G Servan-Mori, Edson E Shakh-Nazarova, Marina Sheikhbahaei, Sara Shibuya, Kenji Shin, Hwashin Hyun Shiue, Ivy Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora Silberberg, Donald H Silva, Andrea P Singh, Jasvinder A Skirbekk, Vegard Sliwa, Karen Soshnikov, Sergey S Sposato, Luciano A Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos Sturua, Lela Sykes, Bryan L Tabb, Karen M Talongwa, Roberto Tchio Tan, Feng Teixeira, Carolina Maria Tenkorang, Eric Yeboah Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman Thorne-Lyman, Andrew L Tirschwell, David L Towbin, Jeffrey A Tran, Bach X Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis Uchendu, Uche S Ukwaja, Kingsley N Undurraga, Eduardo A Uzun, Selen Begüm Vallely, Andrew J van Gool, Coen H Vasankari, Tommi J Vavilala, Monica S Venketasubramanian, N Villalpando, Salvador Violante, Francesco S Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich Vos, Theo Waller, Stephen Wang, Haidong Wang, Linhong Wang, XiaoRong Wang, Yanping Weichenthal, Scott Weiderpass, Elisabete Weintraub, Robert G Westerman, Ronny Wilkinson, James D Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret Wong, John Q Wordofa, Muluemebet Abera Xu, Gelin Yang, Yang C Yano, Yuichiro Yentur, Gokalp Kadri Yip, Paul Yonemoto, Naohiro Yoon, Seok-Jun Younis, Mustafa Z Yu, Chuanhua Jin, Kim Yun El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Zhao, Yong Zheng, Yingfeng Zhou, Maigeng Zhu, Jun Zou, Xiao Nong Lopez, Alan D Naghavi, Mohsen Murray, Christopher J L Lozano, Rafael 2014-09-13 http://hdl.handle.net/10033/621466 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60696-6 unknown 1474-547X 24797575 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60696-6 http://hdl.handle.net/10033/621466 Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ CC-BY-NC-SA Lancet (London, England) Article 2014 fthzi https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60696-6 2022-03-09T17:40:20Z The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to maternal death, and timing of maternal death with respect to delivery. We used robust statistical methods including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) to analyse a database of data for 7065 site-years and estimate the number of maternal deaths from all causes in 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. We estimated the number of pregnancy-related deaths caused by HIV on the basis of a systematic review of the relative risk of dying during pregnancy for HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women. We also estimated the fraction of these deaths aggravated by pregnancy on the basis of a systematic review. To estimate the numbers of maternal deaths due to nine different causes, we identified 61 sources from a systematic review and 943 site-years of vital registration data. We also did a systematic review of reports about the timing of maternal death, identifying 142 sources to use in our analysis. We developed estimates for each country for 1990-2013 using Bayesian meta-regression. We estimated 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for all values. 292,982 (95% UI 261,017-327,792) maternal deaths occurred in 2013, compared with 376,034 (343,483-407,574) in 1990. The global annual rate of change in the MMR was -0·3% (-1·1 to 0·6) from 1990 to 2003, and -2·7% (-3·9 to -1·5) from 2003 to 2013, with evidence of continued acceleration. MMRs reduced consistently in south, east, and southeast Asia between 1990 and 2013, but maternal deaths increased in much of sub-Saharan Africa during the 1990s. 2070 (1290-2866) maternal deaths were related to HIV in 2013, 0·4% (0·2-0·6) of the global total. MMR was highest in the oldest age groups in both 1990 and 2013. In 2013, most deaths occurred intrapartum or postpartum. Causes varied by region and between 1990 and 2013. We recorded substantial variation in the MMR by country in 2013, from 956·8 (685·1-1262·8) in South Sudan to 2·4 (1·6-3·6) in Iceland. Global rates of change suggest that only 16 countries will achieve the MDG 5 target by 2015. Accelerated reductions since the Millennium Declaration in 2000 coincide with increased development assistance for maternal, newborn, and child health. Setting of targets and associated interventions for after 2015 will need careful consideration of regions that are making slow progress, such as west and central Africa. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Helmholtz Centre of Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig: Repository Uis ENVELOPE(141.975,141.975,60.184,60.184) The Lancet 384 9947 980 1004 |