High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances are synthetic chemicals that are widely present in the global environment including the Arctic. However, little is known about how these chemicals (particularly perfluoroalkyl acids, PFAA) enter the Arctic marine system and cycle between seawater and sea ice compa...
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fthzgzmk:oai:publications.hereon.de:40413 2023-06-11T04:07:40+02:00 High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice Garnett, J. Halsall, C. Vader, A. Joerss, H. Ebinghaus, R. Leeson, A. Wynn, P. 2021 https://publications.hereon.de/id/40413 https://publications.hzg.de/id/40413 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01676 en eng ACS https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01676 urn:issn:0013-936X https://publications.hereon.de/id/40413 https://publications.hzg.de/id/40413 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess open_access oa_allgemein_hybrid issn:0013-936X Garnett, J.; Halsall, C.; Vader, A.; Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.; Leeson, A.; Wynn, P.: High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice. In: Environmental Science and Technology. Vol. 55 (2021) 16, 11049 - 11059. (DOI: /10.1021/acs.est.1c01676) info:eu-repo/semantics/article Zeitschrift Artikel 2021 fthzgzmk https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01676 2023-05-28T23:25:20Z Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances are synthetic chemicals that are widely present in the global environment including the Arctic. However, little is known about how these chemicals (particularly perfluoroalkyl acids, PFAA) enter the Arctic marine system and cycle between seawater and sea ice compartments. To evaluate this, we analyzed sea ice, snow, melt ponds, and near-surface seawater at two ice-covered stations located north of the Barents Sea (81 °N) with the aim of investigating PFAA dynamics in the late-season ice pack. Sea ice showed high concentrations of PFAA particularly at the surface with snow-ice (the uppermost sea ice layer strongly influenced by snow) comprising 26–62% of the total PFAA burden. Low salinities (<2.5 ppt) and low δ18OH20 values (<1‰ in snow and upper ice layers) in sea ice revealed the strong influence of meteoric water on sea ice, thus indicating a significant atmospheric source of PFAA with subsequent transfer down the sea ice column in meltwater. Importantly, the under-ice seawater (0.5 m depth) displayed some of the highest concentrations notably for the long-chain PFAA (e.g., PFOA 928 ± 617 pg L–1), which were ≈3-fold higher than those of deeper water (5 m depth) and ≈2-fold higher than those recently measured in surface waters of the North Sea infuenced by industrial inputs of PFAAs. The evidence provided here suggests that meltwater arising early in the melt season from snow and other surface ice floe components drives the higher PFAA concentrations observed in under-ice seawater, which could in turn influence the timing and extent of PFAA exposure for organisms at the base of the marine food web. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Barents Sea ice pack Sea ice Hereon Publications (Helmholtz-Zentrum) Arctic Barents Sea Environmental Science & Technology 55 16 11049 11059 |
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Open Polar |
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Hereon Publications (Helmholtz-Zentrum) |
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fthzgzmk |
language |
English |
description |
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances are synthetic chemicals that are widely present in the global environment including the Arctic. However, little is known about how these chemicals (particularly perfluoroalkyl acids, PFAA) enter the Arctic marine system and cycle between seawater and sea ice compartments. To evaluate this, we analyzed sea ice, snow, melt ponds, and near-surface seawater at two ice-covered stations located north of the Barents Sea (81 °N) with the aim of investigating PFAA dynamics in the late-season ice pack. Sea ice showed high concentrations of PFAA particularly at the surface with snow-ice (the uppermost sea ice layer strongly influenced by snow) comprising 26–62% of the total PFAA burden. Low salinities (<2.5 ppt) and low δ18OH20 values (<1‰ in snow and upper ice layers) in sea ice revealed the strong influence of meteoric water on sea ice, thus indicating a significant atmospheric source of PFAA with subsequent transfer down the sea ice column in meltwater. Importantly, the under-ice seawater (0.5 m depth) displayed some of the highest concentrations notably for the long-chain PFAA (e.g., PFOA 928 ± 617 pg L–1), which were ≈3-fold higher than those of deeper water (5 m depth) and ≈2-fold higher than those recently measured in surface waters of the North Sea infuenced by industrial inputs of PFAAs. The evidence provided here suggests that meltwater arising early in the melt season from snow and other surface ice floe components drives the higher PFAA concentrations observed in under-ice seawater, which could in turn influence the timing and extent of PFAA exposure for organisms at the base of the marine food web. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Garnett, J. Halsall, C. Vader, A. Joerss, H. Ebinghaus, R. Leeson, A. Wynn, P. |
spellingShingle |
Garnett, J. Halsall, C. Vader, A. Joerss, H. Ebinghaus, R. Leeson, A. Wynn, P. High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice |
author_facet |
Garnett, J. Halsall, C. Vader, A. Joerss, H. Ebinghaus, R. Leeson, A. Wynn, P. |
author_sort |
Garnett, J. |
title |
High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice |
title_short |
High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice |
title_full |
High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice |
title_fullStr |
High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice |
title_sort |
high concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids in arctic seawater driven by early thawing sea ice |
publisher |
ACS |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://publications.hereon.de/id/40413 https://publications.hzg.de/id/40413 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01676 |
geographic |
Arctic Barents Sea |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Barents Sea |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Barents Sea ice pack Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Barents Sea ice pack Sea ice |
op_source |
issn:0013-936X Garnett, J.; Halsall, C.; Vader, A.; Joerss, H.; Ebinghaus, R.; Leeson, A.; Wynn, P.: High Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Arctic Seawater Driven by Early Thawing Sea Ice. In: Environmental Science and Technology. Vol. 55 (2021) 16, 11049 - 11059. (DOI: /10.1021/acs.est.1c01676) |
op_relation |
https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01676 urn:issn:0013-936X https://publications.hereon.de/id/40413 https://publications.hzg.de/id/40413 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess open_access oa_allgemein_hybrid |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c01676 |
container_title |
Environmental Science & Technology |
container_volume |
55 |
container_issue |
16 |
container_start_page |
11049 |
op_container_end_page |
11059 |
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1768380821567176704 |