Stocking density limits for post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) emphasis on production performance and welfare
Author's accepted manuscript (post-print). For the development of commercial scale semi-closed sea systems for farming post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), further knowledge is required on the interaction between fish density, farming conditions and fish welfare. In this experiment post-sm...
Published in: | Aquaculture |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2592340 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.10.041 |
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fthsvestlandet:oai:hvlopen.brage.unit.no:11250/2592340 2024-03-03T08:42:49+00:00 Stocking density limits for post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) emphasis on production performance and welfare Calabrese, Sara Nilsen, Tom Ole Kolarevic, Jelena Ebbesson, Lars O.E. Pinto Pedrosa, Cindy Fivelstad, Sveinung Hosfeld, Anne-Camilla Diesen Stefansson, Sigurd Olav Terjesen, Bendik Fyhn Takle, Harald Rune Martins, Catarina I.M. Sveier, Harald Mathisen, Frode Imsland, Albert Kjartanson Handeland, Sigurd O Norway 2017 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2592340 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.10.041 eng eng Elsevier Fiskeri- og havbruksnæringens forskningsfond: 900816 Norges forskningsråd: 217502 Calabrese, S., Nilsen, T. O., Kolarevic, J., Ebbesson, L. O. E., Pedrosa, C., Fivelstad, S., … Handeland, S. O. (2017). Stocking density limits for post-smolt Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) with emphasis on production performance and welfare. Aquaculture, 468, 363-370. urn:issn:0044-8486 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2592340 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.10.041 cristin:1396679 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.no 363-370 468 Aquaculture semi-closed containment systems growth stress response fish welfare VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Fiskehelse: 923 Journal article Peer reviewed 2017 fthsvestlandet https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.10.041 2024-02-02T12:41:12Z Author's accepted manuscript (post-print). For the development of commercial scale semi-closed sea systems for farming post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), further knowledge is required on the interaction between fish density, farming conditions and fish welfare. In this experiment post-smolts (115.0 g ± 13.6) were stocked at 5 different densities (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg m− 3), and kept at these densities for 8 weeks. All treatments received an equal specific flow rate of 0.6 L kg fish− 1 min− 1 of flow-through seawater (fully oxygenated, salinity 34‰ and temp. 9.3 °C) and water oxygen (O2), pH, carbon dioxide (CO2) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) levels were monitored in the outlet and kept within recommended limits. Over the 8 week period, specific growth rate (SGR %) was significantly reduced in stocking densities of 50 kg m− 3 and above. Increasing density from 100 kg m− 3 to 125 kg m− 3 lead to a 42% decrease in SGR. Between 50 kg m− 3 and 125 kg m− 3 there was a correlation between reduced feed intake and increased stocking density and there was a linear increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR) with stocking density (25 kg m− 3 to 125 kg m− 3). At the end of the 8 week period primary and secondary stress responses such as elevated plasma levels of cortisol, sodium, pCO2 and decreased plasma pH were observed in the highest density treatment compared to other treatments. In combination with the reduced SGR in the highest density treatments these results indicate an allostatic overload i.e. the environment has exceeded the adaptive ability of the fish with chronic adverse effects on fish welfare. Stocking densities of 100 kg m− 3 or more also increased pelvic fin damage and the prevalence of cataracts was higher in the 125 kg m− 3 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that at this temperature and fish size it is feasible to rear Atlantic salmon post-smolts in densities up to 75 kg m− 3 without compromising performance and welfare. acceptedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Høgskulen på Vestlandet: HVL Open Norway Aquaculture 468 363 370 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Høgskulen på Vestlandet: HVL Open |
op_collection_id |
fthsvestlandet |
language |
English |
topic |
semi-closed containment systems growth stress response fish welfare VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Fiskehelse: 923 |
spellingShingle |
semi-closed containment systems growth stress response fish welfare VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Fiskehelse: 923 Calabrese, Sara Nilsen, Tom Ole Kolarevic, Jelena Ebbesson, Lars O.E. Pinto Pedrosa, Cindy Fivelstad, Sveinung Hosfeld, Anne-Camilla Diesen Stefansson, Sigurd Olav Terjesen, Bendik Fyhn Takle, Harald Rune Martins, Catarina I.M. Sveier, Harald Mathisen, Frode Imsland, Albert Kjartanson Handeland, Sigurd O Stocking density limits for post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) emphasis on production performance and welfare |
topic_facet |
semi-closed containment systems growth stress response fish welfare VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Fiskehelse: 923 |
description |
Author's accepted manuscript (post-print). For the development of commercial scale semi-closed sea systems for farming post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), further knowledge is required on the interaction between fish density, farming conditions and fish welfare. In this experiment post-smolts (115.0 g ± 13.6) were stocked at 5 different densities (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg m− 3), and kept at these densities for 8 weeks. All treatments received an equal specific flow rate of 0.6 L kg fish− 1 min− 1 of flow-through seawater (fully oxygenated, salinity 34‰ and temp. 9.3 °C) and water oxygen (O2), pH, carbon dioxide (CO2) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) levels were monitored in the outlet and kept within recommended limits. Over the 8 week period, specific growth rate (SGR %) was significantly reduced in stocking densities of 50 kg m− 3 and above. Increasing density from 100 kg m− 3 to 125 kg m− 3 lead to a 42% decrease in SGR. Between 50 kg m− 3 and 125 kg m− 3 there was a correlation between reduced feed intake and increased stocking density and there was a linear increase in feed conversion ratio (FCR) with stocking density (25 kg m− 3 to 125 kg m− 3). At the end of the 8 week period primary and secondary stress responses such as elevated plasma levels of cortisol, sodium, pCO2 and decreased plasma pH were observed in the highest density treatment compared to other treatments. In combination with the reduced SGR in the highest density treatments these results indicate an allostatic overload i.e. the environment has exceeded the adaptive ability of the fish with chronic adverse effects on fish welfare. Stocking densities of 100 kg m− 3 or more also increased pelvic fin damage and the prevalence of cataracts was higher in the 125 kg m− 3 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that at this temperature and fish size it is feasible to rear Atlantic salmon post-smolts in densities up to 75 kg m− 3 without compromising performance and welfare. acceptedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Calabrese, Sara Nilsen, Tom Ole Kolarevic, Jelena Ebbesson, Lars O.E. Pinto Pedrosa, Cindy Fivelstad, Sveinung Hosfeld, Anne-Camilla Diesen Stefansson, Sigurd Olav Terjesen, Bendik Fyhn Takle, Harald Rune Martins, Catarina I.M. Sveier, Harald Mathisen, Frode Imsland, Albert Kjartanson Handeland, Sigurd O |
author_facet |
Calabrese, Sara Nilsen, Tom Ole Kolarevic, Jelena Ebbesson, Lars O.E. Pinto Pedrosa, Cindy Fivelstad, Sveinung Hosfeld, Anne-Camilla Diesen Stefansson, Sigurd Olav Terjesen, Bendik Fyhn Takle, Harald Rune Martins, Catarina I.M. Sveier, Harald Mathisen, Frode Imsland, Albert Kjartanson Handeland, Sigurd O |
author_sort |
Calabrese, Sara |
title |
Stocking density limits for post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) emphasis on production performance and welfare |
title_short |
Stocking density limits for post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) emphasis on production performance and welfare |
title_full |
Stocking density limits for post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) emphasis on production performance and welfare |
title_fullStr |
Stocking density limits for post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) emphasis on production performance and welfare |
title_full_unstemmed |
Stocking density limits for post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) emphasis on production performance and welfare |
title_sort |
stocking density limits for post-smolt atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) emphasis on production performance and welfare |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2592340 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.10.041 |
op_coverage |
Norway |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
363-370 468 Aquaculture |
op_relation |
Fiskeri- og havbruksnæringens forskningsfond: 900816 Norges forskningsråd: 217502 Calabrese, S., Nilsen, T. O., Kolarevic, J., Ebbesson, L. O. E., Pedrosa, C., Fivelstad, S., … Handeland, S. O. (2017). Stocking density limits for post-smolt Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) with emphasis on production performance and welfare. Aquaculture, 468, 363-370. urn:issn:0044-8486 http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2592340 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.10.041 cristin:1396679 |
op_rights |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.no |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.10.041 |
container_title |
Aquaculture |
container_volume |
468 |
container_start_page |
363 |
op_container_end_page |
370 |
_version_ |
1792498266998308864 |