Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants
Background: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged chi...
Published in: | The Lancet |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10642/10020 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31859-6 |
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fthsosloakersoda:oai:oda.oslomet.no:10642/10020 |
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OsloMet (Oslo Metropolitan University): ODA (Open Digital Archive) |
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fthsosloakersoda |
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School-aged children Adolescents Age trajectories Body mass indexes Height Weight Health |
spellingShingle |
School-aged children Adolescents Age trajectories Body mass indexes Height Weight Health Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea Zhou, Bin Sophiea, Marisa K. Bentham, James Paciorek, Christopher J. Turilli, Maria L.C. Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark Ekelund, Ulf Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Grøholt, Else Karin Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan Bergh, Ingunn Holden Janszky, Imre Kolle, Elin Krokstad, Steinar Madar, Ahmed Ali Sen, Abhijit Skodje, Gry Irene Sørgjerd, Elin Pettersen Nilsen, Bente Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Tarp, Jakob Tell, Grete S. Torheim, Liv Elin Wilsgaard, Tom Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Bennett, James E. Di Cesare, Mariachiara Taddei, Cristina Bixby, Honor Stevens, Gretchen A. Riley, Leanne M. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan Danaei, Goodarz Chirita-Emandi, Adela Kengne, Andre P Khang, Young-Ho Laxmaiah, Avula Malekzadeh, Reza Miranda, Jaime Moon, Jin Soo Popovic, Stevo Sørensen, Thorkild I.A. Soric, Maroje Starc, Gregor Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants |
topic_facet |
School-aged children Adolescents Age trajectories Body mass indexes Height Weight Health |
description |
Background: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub- Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation: The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks. Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea Zhou, Bin Sophiea, Marisa K. Bentham, James Paciorek, Christopher J. Turilli, Maria L.C. Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark Ekelund, Ulf Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Grøholt, Else Karin Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan Bergh, Ingunn Holden Janszky, Imre Kolle, Elin Krokstad, Steinar Madar, Ahmed Ali Sen, Abhijit Skodje, Gry Irene Sørgjerd, Elin Pettersen Nilsen, Bente Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Tarp, Jakob Tell, Grete S. Torheim, Liv Elin Wilsgaard, Tom Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Bennett, James E. Di Cesare, Mariachiara Taddei, Cristina Bixby, Honor Stevens, Gretchen A. Riley, Leanne M. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan Danaei, Goodarz Chirita-Emandi, Adela Kengne, Andre P Khang, Young-Ho Laxmaiah, Avula Malekzadeh, Reza Miranda, Jaime Moon, Jin Soo Popovic, Stevo Sørensen, Thorkild I.A. Soric, Maroje Starc, Gregor |
author_facet |
Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea Zhou, Bin Sophiea, Marisa K. Bentham, James Paciorek, Christopher J. Turilli, Maria L.C. Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark Ekelund, Ulf Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Grøholt, Else Karin Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan Bergh, Ingunn Holden Janszky, Imre Kolle, Elin Krokstad, Steinar Madar, Ahmed Ali Sen, Abhijit Skodje, Gry Irene Sørgjerd, Elin Pettersen Nilsen, Bente Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Tarp, Jakob Tell, Grete S. Torheim, Liv Elin Wilsgaard, Tom Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Bennett, James E. Di Cesare, Mariachiara Taddei, Cristina Bixby, Honor Stevens, Gretchen A. Riley, Leanne M. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan Danaei, Goodarz Chirita-Emandi, Adela Kengne, Andre P Khang, Young-Ho Laxmaiah, Avula Malekzadeh, Reza Miranda, Jaime Moon, Jin Soo Popovic, Stevo Sørensen, Thorkild I.A. Soric, Maroje Starc, Gregor |
author_sort |
Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea |
title |
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants |
title_short |
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants |
title_full |
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants |
title_fullStr |
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants |
title_full_unstemmed |
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants |
title_sort |
height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10642/10020 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31859-6 |
geographic |
New Zealand Pacific |
geographic_facet |
New Zealand Pacific |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
The Lancet |
op_relation |
Lancet;Volume 396, Issue 10261 Rodriguez-Martinez A, Zhou B, Sophiea MK, Bentham J, Paciorek CJ, Turilli, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Ariansen I, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Ekelund U, Graff-Iversen S, Grøholt E, Haugsgjerd TR, Bergh IH, Janszky I, Kolle E, Krokstad SK, Madar MAH, Sen A, Skodje GI, Sørgjerd E P, Nilsen B.B., Steene-Johannessen J, Tarp J, Tell GS, Torheim LE, Wilsgaard T, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bennett JE, Di Cesare M, Taddei C, Bixby H, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, Danaei G, Chirita-Emandi A, Kengne AP, Khang Y, Laxmaiah A, Malekzadeh R, Miranda J, Moon JS, Popovic S, Sørensen TI, Soric M, Starc G. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants. The Lancet. 2020;396(10261):1511-1524 urn:issn:0140-6736 urn:issn:1474-547X https://hdl.handle.net/10642/10020 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31859-6 cristin:1886561 |
op_rights |
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31859-6 |
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The Lancet |
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396 |
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10261 |
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1524 |
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fthsosloakersoda:oai:oda.oslomet.no:10642/10020 2023-05-15T16:53:20+02:00 Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea Zhou, Bin Sophiea, Marisa K. Bentham, James Paciorek, Christopher J. Turilli, Maria L.C. Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark Ekelund, Ulf Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Grøholt, Else Karin Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan Bergh, Ingunn Holden Janszky, Imre Kolle, Elin Krokstad, Steinar Madar, Ahmed Ali Sen, Abhijit Skodje, Gry Irene Sørgjerd, Elin Pettersen Nilsen, Bente Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Tarp, Jakob Tell, Grete S. Torheim, Liv Elin Wilsgaard, Tom Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Bennett, James E. Di Cesare, Mariachiara Taddei, Cristina Bixby, Honor Stevens, Gretchen A. Riley, Leanne M. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan Danaei, Goodarz Chirita-Emandi, Adela Kengne, Andre P Khang, Young-Ho Laxmaiah, Avula Malekzadeh, Reza Miranda, Jaime Moon, Jin Soo Popovic, Stevo Sørensen, Thorkild I.A. Soric, Maroje Starc, Gregor 2021-02-04T09:09:26Z application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10642/10020 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31859-6 en eng Elsevier Lancet;Volume 396, Issue 10261 Rodriguez-Martinez A, Zhou B, Sophiea MK, Bentham J, Paciorek CJ, Turilli, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Ariansen I, Bjertness E, Bjertness MB, Ekelund U, Graff-Iversen S, Grøholt E, Haugsgjerd TR, Bergh IH, Janszky I, Kolle E, Krokstad SK, Madar MAH, Sen A, Skodje GI, Sørgjerd E P, Nilsen B.B., Steene-Johannessen J, Tarp J, Tell GS, Torheim LE, Wilsgaard T, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bennett JE, Di Cesare M, Taddei C, Bixby H, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, Danaei G, Chirita-Emandi A, Kengne AP, Khang Y, Laxmaiah A, Malekzadeh R, Miranda J, Moon JS, Popovic S, Sørensen TI, Soric M, Starc G. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants. The Lancet. 2020;396(10261):1511-1524 urn:issn:0140-6736 urn:issn:1474-547X https://hdl.handle.net/10642/10020 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31859-6 cristin:1886561 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY The Lancet School-aged children Adolescents Age trajectories Body mass indexes Height Weight Health Journal article Peer reviewed 2021 fthsosloakersoda https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31859-6 2021-10-11T16:53:15Z Background: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub- Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation: The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks. Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland OsloMet (Oslo Metropolitan University): ODA (Open Digital Archive) New Zealand Pacific The Lancet 396 10261 1511 1524 |